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	The Lion Sleeps Tonight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"The Lion Sleeps Tonight" began as a 1939 African pop hit "Mbube" that, in modified versions, also became a hit in the US and UK.
		The song was first recorded by its writer, Solomon Linda, and his group, The Evening Birds, in 1939 under the title "Mbube" (Zulu for "lion").
		"Mbube" became a hit throughout South Africa and sold about one hundred thousand copies during the 1940s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/The_Lion_Sleeps_Tonight (649 words)

	The Story of Mbube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Its original title was “Mbube,” (pronounced EEM-boo-beh) which means “Lion,” and it was sung with a haunting Zulu refrain that sounded, to English-speaking people, like “wimoweh.” “Mbube” was a big hit in what is now Swaziland; it sold nearly 100,000 copies in the 1940s by its originator, South African Solomon Linda.
		Seeger was enchanted by “Mbube”, especially the refrain which sounded to him like “awimbooee” or “awimoweh” (it was actually “uyimbube” in Zulu).
		This alternate is of considerable interest, since it proves that the falsetto vocal part near the end of the record (which provided the melody for the verse of "The Lion Sleeps Tonight") was a chance improvisation by Linda, not a part of the song itself.
	www.weeklybugle.com /music/mbube.htm (1857 words)

	Music.com \|\|\| Mbube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mbube is a choral music of South Africa that emerged out of church choir singing, Zulu choral singing, and African-American music, not the usual Cuban and Congolese influences of other African popular music styles.
		In the 1960s, mbube became the first fl South African music to be recorded, with Miriam Makeba singing "The Lion Sleeps Tonight," a song written by Solomon Linda.
		Mbube is a precursor to more currently popular mbaquanga of South Africa, which maintains the focus on choral music, African-American influences, and jazz and rock rhythms and instruments.
	www.music.com /style/mbube/1 (207 words)

	3rd Ear Music Forum - Where does the lion sleep tonight?
		Solomon Linda and the Evening Birds cut several songs under Motsieloa's direction, but the one we're interested in was called "Mbube", Zulu for "the lion", recorded at their second session, in 1939.
		"Mbube" wasn't the most remarkable tune, but there was something terribly compelling about the underlying chant, a dense meshing of low male voices above which Solomon yodelled and howled for two exhilarating minutes, occasionally making it up as he went along.
		By 1948, "Mbube" had sold in the region of 100,000 copies, and Solomon Linda was the undefeated and undefeatable champion of hostel singing competitions and a superstar in the world of Zulu migrants.
	www.3rdearmusic.com /forum/mbube2.html (4605 words)

	The Phat Planet World Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Iscathamiya or, more commonly, mbube (lion) is the name given to this highly appealing a capella music from the South African Zulu tradition.
		Ladysmith are the world’s most famous exponents of mbube and are arguably the best-known African group in the world today.
		Mbube is also very much part of the Christian choral tradition in South Africa and LBM incorporate much religious sentiment into their sound.
	thephatplanet.com /music.ihtml?pid=7313&step=4 (192 words)

	3rd Ear Music Forum - Mbube - letters links & feedback
		Also available from Rounder is Veit's MBUBE ROOTS with many great SABC transcription tracks, most notably LADYSMITH BLACK MAMBAZO recorded in 1967 (with a great 1968 photo of the group) and SOLOMON LINDA and THE EVENING BIRDS recorded in 1939 and 1940.
		Dave, as I have now retrieved the 78 of Mbube from the recording studio I thought you might be interested in scans of the labels.
		Although I know the WIPO is aware of the dispute, it does not seem to appreciate (from the notes of its October '02 meeting) that Mbube should not be classified as a "traditional" or "folk" song since it was copyrighted at the time of the original record's first distribution or broadcast in South Africa.
	www.3rdearmusic.com /forum/forumjan04/mbubefeedback.html (7425 words)

	Mbube - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mbube (song), a Zulu song composed by Solomon Linda, which sparked newfound interest in South African a cappella singing (a softer style is isicathamiya)
		Mbube (genre), a South African singing style named after the song
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mbube (108 words)

	Zulu Family Sues Disney - African Culture
		The song was originally title "Mbube" which means 'lion' in Zulu.
		Solomon Linda died in 1962, so the rights to "Mbube" should have gone back to his family in 1987.
		"Mbube" in one form or another has been recorded by roughly 150 musicians, the most recognized version is "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" by The Tokens.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art22180.asp (223 words)

	Furdlog » Clearing Copyrights — Not Easy For Anybody
		The third take was the great one, but it achieved immortality only in its dying seconds, when Solly took a deep breath, opened his mouth and improvised the melody that the world now associates with these words: In the jungle, the mighty jungle, the lion sleeps tonight.
		The lilting song, initially called “Mbube,” earned an estimated $15 million in royalties since it was written by Zulu migrant worker Solomon Linda in 1939, and featured in Walt Disney’s “Lion King” movies.
		Linda sold the worldwide copyright for “Mbube” to a local firm, but under British laws in effect at the time, those rights should have reverted to his heirs 25 years after his death in 1962, copyright lawyer Owen Dean said.
	msl1.mit.edu /furdlog/index.php?p=2198 (1011 words)

	Linda's Lion sleeps - at last - SouthAfrica.info
		It's the story of a song we all know, the impoverished Zulu migrant worker who wrote it, the musicians and record companies who raked in millions for it, and the almost 70 years it has taken for his family to see justice done.
		In 1939, the year Mbube was recorded, the government estimated a fl urban family needed at least 37 shillings and sixpence a week simply to survive.
		Mbube is now edging towards the 70-year-old mark, and only now is Solomon Linda's family seeing any real financial benefit.
	www.southafrica.info /what_happening/arts_entertainment/mbube-210206.htm (2466 words)

	Spoor & Fisher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is alleged that "Wimoweh" is a reproduction or adaptation of a substantial part of "Mbube" and that "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" is a reproduction or adaptation of a substantial part of "Wimoweh" and/or "Mbube".
		It is contended by the executor of the estate of Solomon Linda that in terms of the aforegoing provision the copyright in "Mbube" devolved on him in 1987, (i.e.
		On the premise that the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" is a reproduction of a substantial part of the musical work "Mbube", the executor contends that subsequent to 1987 all uses of the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" required to be authorised by him, and were not.
	www.spoor.co.za /article.php?no=491 (946 words)

	AM - South African family sue Disney for song royalties
		'Mbube' was released in South Africa in 1939.
		What we want to do is to do is to get the rightful deserts arising out of the use of this music to the family.
		But the Zulu lyrics were mispronounced, and 'Mbube' became 'Wimoweh'.
	www.abc.net.au /am/content/2004/s1146801.htm (514 words)

	Island of Spice: **Parallel Worlds: South African Music in America
		“Mbube,” was written by Solomon Linda, a Zulu migrant worker who recorded the song at Gallo Studios in Johannesburg in 1939.
		In 1948, Pete Seeger heard “Mbube” on an old ‘78 and mistakenly translated the chorus as “Wimoweh” in a 1950 recording that first popularized the song in America.
		The seeds were sown when migrants from rural South Africa brought their indigenous rhythms and musical traditions to the big cities, where they blended new hybrid styles heavily influenced by American jazz and big band sounds.
	islandofspice.blogspot.com /2005/09/parallel-worlds-south-african-music-in.html (1650 words)

	The Lion Sleeps Tonight
		"Mbube" was a big hit in what is now Swaziland; it sold nearly 100,000 copies in the 1940s by its originator, South African Solomon Linda.
		Linda had written it based on a boyhood experience chasing lions that were stalking the family's cattle.
		Linda recorded the tune in 1939 with his group the Evening Birds, and it was so popular that Zulu choral music became known as "Mbube Music".
	globalia.net /donlope/fz/songs/Lion_Sleeps_Tonight.html (623 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| 'Lion Sleeps Tonight' royalty row
		The rights to the song were bought by Gallo records from Linda for a lump sum shortly after he wrote it in 1939.
		Mbube was written by Linda while touring South Africa's fl townships with his band in the 1930s.
		She added that this confusion continued to the present day when artists sought to use Mbube.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3000090.stm (476 words)

	Solomon Linda - Free Music Downloads, Videos, CDs, MP3s, Bio, Merchandise and Links
		Solomon Linda is best remembered as the writer of "Mbube" (translated as "The Lion"), one of the most successful songs to come out of South Africa.
		Although Linda recorded the first version with his group, The Evening Birds, in 1939, the song became an internationally-recognized classic when it was renamed "Wimoweh" and recorded by Pete Seeger and The Weavers in 1948.
		Whether named "Mbube," "Wimoweh," or "The Lion Sleeps Tonight," the song has been recorded by more than 150 artists including Jimmy Dorsey, The Kingston Trio, The Spinners, The Tremeloes, Glen Campbell, Brian Eno, They Might Be Giants, Miriam Makeba, R.E.M., Chet Atkins, The Nylons, and Manu Dibango.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/music/artist/bio/0,,675358,00.html (650 words)

	thekey dot it - Mbube — Wimoweh — The Lion Sleeps Tonight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The song known as "Wimoweh" (and later as "The Lion Sleeps Tonight") was written by Zulu singer and entertainer Solomon Linda, who recorded it with his vocal group, the Evening Birds, in a studio in South Africa in 1939.
		You're a lion?," and grew out of an incident in the groups' boyhood when they used to chase lions that were stalking their fathers' cattle.
		A very good version of the original song “Mbube” was recorded by the African singer Miriam Makeba.
	www.thekey.it /modules.php?name=News&file=print&sid=216 (503 words)

	Ladysmith Black Mambazo (The Leopard Man's African Music Guide)
		A short time later Shabalala became a Christian, and the music he developed was a meld of what he heard in church and so-called mbube.
		In 1939 the Solomon Lindas Original Evening Birds had a hit with their song, "Mbube" (Love), that became a benchmark for the a capella Zulu singing style.
		There is always a danger that a whole record with only a capella songs will become a bit monotonous, no matter how good, but this is solved by inviting not only new voices, but also a few instrumetalists.
	www.leopardmannen.no /l/ladysmith.black.mambazo.asp (652 words)

	SABCnews.com - entertainment/music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Mbube, Wimoweh or The Lion Sleeps Tonight - whatever you call it, the song is as catchy today as it was 60 years ago when it was first recorded.
		However, for composer Solomon Linda's children, the honours have done little to ease the pain of knowing Mbube made millions they will never see.
		Whether it is through ignorance or mischief, the rights to Mbube are not owned by the composer's family and it is a past that some legal minds suggest we live with.
	www.sabcnews.com /entertainment/music/0,2172,18847,00.html (192 words)

	The Lion Song - Muse's Muse Songwriting Message Board
		And you’d think the original composer is a very rich man. Solomon Ntsele, composer of the mbube song now known as The Lion Sleeps Tonight, died a pauper.
		Ntsele composed mbube during the 1920s and recorded it with his Original Evening Birds band at Gallo Records in 1939.
		His mbube or ‘the lion’ was transformed from a folk classic to pop hit for The Tokens in 1961.
	www.musesmuse.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=15940 (824 words)

	SOUTH AFRICAN MUSIC
		It was probably because music coursed through his veins from an early age and influenced largely by his father whose interest in mbube music would inspire young Jabu.
		This was followed up by 'Hareyeng Haye' in 1990 which gave birth to the hit 'Mbube' (lion).
		Jabu thanks God often but as he says 'I don't say I don't believe in the bible, but for Africans the way to contact God is through the ancestors.' Don't lose it.
	www.music.org.za /artist.asp?id=88 (1291 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| sa news Judgment reserved in Disney dispute
		Judgment was reserved on Tuesday in an urgent High Court application by Disney Enterprises Inc to set aside an attachment order against over 240 of their trademarks registered in South Africa.
		Lawyers acting for the family of musician Solomon Linda, the composer of 'Mbube', in July obtained an attachment order in the Pretoria High Court against the trade marks, in order to sue the overseas company in a South African court.
		Disney Enterprises applied for an urgent court order to set aside the attachment, saying that the executor of the estate had not been appointed properly and that a proper infringement case had in any event not been made out.
	iafrica.com /news/sa/112111.htm (643 words)

	Independent Lens . A LION'S TRAIL . The Film \| PBS
		Solomon Linda first composed “Mbube” in the 1920s and recorded it at South Africa’s Gallo Records in 1939, after he moved to Johannesburg and began work as a record packer.
		Versions of the song are performed by musicians across the globe, including the Manhattan Brothers, Solomon Linda's daughters, Pete Seeger and Ladysmith Black Mambazo, who lead the Church of God in Africa in the South African town of Clermont.
		Things seem to be looking up for the Ntsele family [Solomon Linda's daughters]: Gallo Records decided at the time the film was being made to cede all further income on “Mbube” to the family.
	www.pbs.org /independentlens/lionstrail/film.html (587 words)

	Wimoweh (The Lion Sleeps Tonight) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wimoweh (Mbube) (Traditional; adapted and arranged by Campbell-Linda) This distinctive tune may have earned The Tokens a No. I hit in 1961 under the title "The Lion Sleeps Tonight," but theirs was by no means the first recording.
		The song known as "Wimoweh" (and later as "The Lion Sleeps Tonght") was written by Zulu singer and entertainer Solomon Linda, who recorded it with his vocal group, the Evening Birds, in a studio in South Africa in 1939.
		Seeger liked "Mbube," especially its soaring falsetto part, and started transcribing it.
	users2.ev1.net /~smyth/linernotes/thesongs/Wimoweh.htm (613 words)

	Khanyile, Jabu Biography
		The major influence from his father came in the form of Mbube music, performed by his father and friends on Sunday afternoons.
		Hareyeng Haye appeared in 1990, with the release of "Mbube" generating a significant hit (one adopted by many people, who would replace "Mbube" with "Mbumbe," which means "unity").
		Unity was far from the minds of those in Bayete, however, and the band split in 1993.
	www.gatewayofafrica.com /artists/biography/207.html (515 words)

	Independent Lens . A LION'S TRAIL . The Song \| PBS
		He named the song “Mbube,” or Zulu for “lion,” and it went on to become one of the most famous melodies in the world, spawning hundreds of cover versions in Japanese, Spanish, and French, among other languages.
		Topping charts worldwide and selling millions of copies, this song was copyrighted as an original by George Weiss, although the melody was identical to the original “Mbube.” The song is one of the most played radio hits of all time.
		In addition to appearing on countless audio recordings, versions of “Mbube” have also been featured on the big screen, on stage, and in video and television commercials.
	www.pbs.org /independentlens/lionstrail/song.html (556 words)

	telescreen.org: The Lion Can Finally Sleep Tonight
		Catchy enough that it lent its name to a style of choral Zulu music, which became known as "Mbube music." And catchy enough that it became the first African record to sell over 100,000 copies (not bad at all in the days of 78s) and to cross over into the American marketplace.
		His widow and children lived in a shack with a cow-dung floor in Soweto, subsisting on a diet of corn porridge and chicken feet, and the childrens' yearly reward for passing another grade in school was an egg.
		In 2000, journalist Rian Malan wrote a great Rolling Stone article that traced the history of the song from "Mbube" to "Wimoweh" to "The Lion Sleeps Tonight", estimating that the song had earned over $15 million in its use in "The Lion King" alone.
	vidiot.typepad.com /telescreen/2006/03/the_lion_can_fi.html (849 words)

	Sunday Times - insight - 27 Aug 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		More importantly, and perhaps less complicated, is the matter of Solomon Linda's Mbube, a song that, thanks in part to Seeger, qualifies as South Africa's most famous melody - and the focus of one of the world's greatest musical travesties.
		This is despite his admission, under oath, at a hearing by the American Arbitration Association in 1991, that he had, in fact, plagiarised the song from Wimoweh, which, in turn, was a direct copy of Mbube.
		With regard to Linda and Mbube, it has investigated how it may assist the Ntsele family in their action against Weiss.
	www.suntimes.co.za /2000/08/27/insight/in01.htm (1320 words)

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