McCarran-Walter Act - Factbites

McCarran-Walter Act - Factbites
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Topic: McCarran-Walter Act

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	McCarran-Walter Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) of 1952 (better known as the McCarran-Walter Act) was a law passed by the United States Congress restricting immigration into the United States.
		The Act allowed the government to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaged in subversive activities and also allowed the barring of suspected subversives from entering the country.
		The Act had been used to exclude numerous prominent individuals until its ideological clauses were repealed in 1988.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Act (312 words)

	Francis Walter - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Walter is best known as the co-sponsor with Senator Pat McCarran of the McCarran-Walter Act which imposed entry quotas on immigrants and allowed the United States government to deport and bar from entry those identified as subversives, particularly members and former members of the Communist Party.
		A strong anti-Communist, Walter went on to serve as chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee from 1955 until his death in 1963.
		Born in Easton, Pennsylvania, Walter graduated from George Washington University prior to serving in the First World War.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Francis_Walter (200 words)

	Immigration Act: 1965
		For instance, under the McCarran-Walter Act, while the quota for European immigrants was 149,667, the quota for Asian immigrants was 2,990, and the African quota was 1,400.
		This act, also known as the Hart-Cellar Act [1], not only allows more individuals from third world countries to enter the US (including Asians, who have traditionally been hindered from entering America), but also entails a separate quota for refugees.
		[5] The Immigration Act was therefore a corrective measure instituted to atone for past history of discrimination in immigration.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/USA/ImmigrationAct.CP.html (765 words)

	PEN American Center - TESTIMONY OF LARRY MCMURTRY
		We believe that the ideological-exclusion provisions of the McCarran-Walter Act serve no useful purpose and cause inexcusable damage to individual rights and to the ability of the United States to champion the cause of individual liberties around the world.
		One of the most glaring examples of our failure to consistently and fully protect First Amendment rights is the 1952 McCarran-Walter Act whose ideological-exclusion provisions—still in effect for those who seek to reside here permanently—are an affront to all who cherish the constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression and association.
		But the 212(a) (28) provision of the McCarran-Walter Act could have effectively prevented such a gathering in the United States.
	www.pen.org /viewmedia.php/prmMID/41 (2131 words)

	History
		Immigration and Nationality Act, or the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952
		The McCarran-Walter Act maintained the highly discriminatory restrictive quotas of the 1920s, still favoring northern and western Europeans, but also marked the beginning of some important shifts in U.S. immigration policy.
		The Immigration and Refugee Act of 1975 was passed in response to the growing number of people fleeing Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos after the withdrawal of U.S. troops and the fall of these governments to Communism.
	www.tenement.org /immigrantexperience/history.htm (3282 words)

	Anticommunism run amok : the life of Senator Pat McCarran
		The role played by the Democratic Party, and particularly the liberal faction of the party, in the drafting of the McCarran Act highlights the fact that were it not for liberalism’s adoption of anticommunism in the postwar period, McCarran’s influence, and, indeed, McCarthyism itself, could never have developed as they did.
		Truman (who despised McCarran) vetoed the bill, after the CIA, and the Justice, Defense and State departments criticized the act’s provisions for being cumbersome and unworkable.
		McCarran combined grand rhetoric with a shrewd sensitivity to the interests of a powerful layer within the American bourgeoisie that considered any concession to the working class to be an unacceptable constraint on its profit-making prerogatives.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2004/dec2004/mcca-d18.shtml (3474 words)

	History of Migration and Immigration Laws in the United States
		"The 1965 immigration act removed 'natural origins' as the basis of American immigration legislation and was framed as an amendment to the 1952 McCarran-Walter Act.
		Chinese Exclusion Acts / Immigration Exclusion Act (1882)óprohibited citizenship for Chinese immigrants.
		Subsequent acts reinforcing the exclusion of Chinese immigrant were passed in 1884, 1886 and 1888.
	www.umass.edu /complit/aclanet/USMigrat.html (1301 words)

	The McCarran-Walter Act
		He promoted the McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950, which required American Communist Party members to register with the Attorney General.
		Although the Naturalization Act of 1870 granted the right of naturalization to “aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent,” Chinese immigrants would be forced to wait until 1943 before obtaining the right to become citizens.
		McCarran would accuse the PCIN of containing communist sympathizers and stated that subverting the national origins system “would, in the course of a generation or so, tend to change the ethnic and cultural composition of this nation.”
	www.ailf.org /ipc/policy_reports_2004_mccarranwalter.asp (1692 words)

	Center for Immigration Studies
		In addition, the act instituted a system to give preference (within the national origins quotas) to foreigners with education or skills, as well as relatives — this was the predecessor of today's preference system.
		Chairman, I would consider the amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act to be as important as the landmark legislation of this Congress relating to the Civil Rights Act.
		Despite the protestations of the 1965 act's sponsors, the sources of immigration have changed radically.
	www.cis.org /articles/1995/back395.html (3894 words)

	McCARRAN, Patrick Anthony (Pat) (1876-1954) Bibliography
		“The Enactment of the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Kansas, 1970.
		“Pat McCarran and the Amended DP Act.” In America and the Survivors of the Holocaust, pp.
		“The Rhetoric of Senator Patrick Anthony McCarran.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oregon, 1973.
	bioguide.congress.gov /scripts/bibdisplay.pl?index=M000308 (233 words)

	AAAS - History and Archives
		Be it resolved that the American Association for the Advancement of Science endorses the efforts being made to amend the McCarran-Walter Act to remove those provisions that limit the travel of recognized foreign scholars and scientists to this country, for limitation on the free interchange of knowledge constitutes a serious impediment to scientific progress.
	archives.aaas.org /docs/resolutions.php?doc_id=248 (62 words)

	Immigration Act : McCarran-Walter Act
		The Immigration and Naturalization Act or McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 somewhat liberalized immigration from Asia, but increased the power of the government to deport aliens suspected of Communist sympathies.
		terms defined : Immigration Act : McCarran-Walter Act
		1990 - Immigration Act of 1990[?] PL 101-649
	www.termsdefined.net /mc/mccarran-walter-act.html (518 words)

	American Arab Anti Discrimination Committee
		At present, the only way by which the DOJ and INS can proceed with the case would be to attempt to apply the McCarran-Walter Act, which was enacted during the McCarthy era to permit deportation of any immigrant who advocates Communist doctrines.
		The 8 were originally arrested under the McCarthy era McCarran-Walter Act on charges of advocating world communism, which at that time was a crime.
		A U.S. immigration judge has ruled that if the Justice Department wishes to proceed with the deportations of two of the LA8, long time legal residents Khader Hamide and Michel Shehadeh, it must do so under the McCarran-Walter Act charges under which they were first arrested.
	www.adc.org /action/2001/27june2001.htm (916 words)

	Keep Out - Border control Joe McCarthy would have loved. By David Cole
		Where the McCarran-Walter Act's concern was communists and anarchists, the new law ostensibly focuses on terrorists.
		In 1952, the House and Senate passed the McCarran-Walter Act, which created an ideological litmus test for entry to the United States by barring foreigners with disfavored ideas or affiliations.
		By comparison, it makes the Patriot Act look good.
	www.slate.com /id/2118522 (937 words)

	Pat McCarran
		McCarran's subcommittee held hearings on "loss" of China from July '51 to June '52, using files of the Institute of Pacific Relations seized by the subcommittee from Edward Carter's barn in Lee, Massachusetts, in Feb. 1951.
		1950/09/23 - passed Internal Security Act that required all communist-front organizations to register with the Attorney-General, prohibited communists for working in defense industies, prohibited immigration of any member of a totalitarian organization, allowed internment of communists in case of national emergency.
		Some of those named in the hearings would prove to be spies, such as Frederick V. Field who had also been named by Elizbeth Bentley.
	history.acusd.edu /gen/20th/mccarran.html (401 words)

	RENO V. AMERICAN-ARAB ANTI-DISCRIMINATIONCOMM.
		Even when deportation is sought because of some act the alien has committed, in principle the alien is not being punished for that act (criminal charges may be available for that separate purpose) but is merely being held to the terms under which he was admitted.
		What petitioners primarily rely upon for this concession is the provision of the Hobbs Act that authorizes remand to the agency or transfer to a district court “[w]hen the agency has not held a hearing.” 28 U.S.C. (b).
		The Ninth Circuit remanded the case to the District Court, which entered an injunction in favor of Hamide and Shehadeh and denied the Attorney General’s request that the existing injunction be dissolved in light of new evidence that all respondents participated in fundraising activities of the PFLP.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /supct/html/97-1252.ZO.html (4653 words)

	RACE - The Power of an Illusion . Go Deeper PBS
		Asian immigrants are ineligible to citizenship until the 1954 McCarran-Walter Act removes all racial barriers to naturalization.
		The 1862 Homestead Act encourages a flood of squatters to invade Indian lands in the midwest.
		The 1887 Dawes Act breaks up collectively owned Indian lands and redistributes it to individuals, allowing "surplus" land to be sold to whites.
	www.pbs.org /race/000_About/002_03_g-godeeper.htm (924 words)

	AsianWeek.com: National News: Washington Journal
		The McCarran Internal Security Act of 1950 required American Communist Party members and others to register with the Attorney General.
		To understand the importance of McCarran-Walter requires a brief review of Asian American immigration history.
		The Immigration Act of 1917 used geographic criteria to exclude Indians, because their racial and ethnic status was not clearly “white” or “black” under prevailing laws.
	www.asianweek.com /2001_06_08/news11_washj_mcarranwalter.html (1004 words)

	McCarran-Walter Act
		the Immigration and Nationality Act enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1952 that removed racial barriers to immigration and empowered the Department of Justice to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaging in subversive activities.
	www.factmonster.com /ipd/A0531956.html (59 words)

	Historical Overview of U.S. Immigration Policy, 1921-1964
		The Act opened the quota system to countries in what it designated as the "Asia-Pacific Triangle." The quotas were token numbers: 185 for Japan, 105 for China, and 100 each for the island countries and colonies of the Pacific such as Hong Kong.
		The Immigration Act of 1924 created a permanent quota system (that of 1921 was only temporary), reducing the 1921 annual quota from 358,000 to 164,000.
		Opponents of immigration were unhappy with the Immigration Act of 1921 because they felt that it still admitted too many of the "wrong" kinds of foreigners.
	www.campus.ccsd.k12.co.us /ss/SONY/Immbeta2/21-1964.htm (1400 words)

	Chronology
		McCarran Walter Act of 1952, removed racial criteria for naturalization; national-origins quota system extended.
		Act passed stating no volunteers allowed in Army or Air Force unless they are a citizen, or alien admitted for permanent residence.
		Immigration Act of 1917, adopts literacy test requirements for entry, and extended restrictions on Asian immigration.
	www.fxrview.com /chronology.htm (1065 words)

	HistoryLink Essay: Korean Americans in King County -- A Snapshot History
		The McCarran-Walter Act amendments of 1952 allowed Korean-born immigrants to apply for citizenship, if only 100 per year.
		Under the 1940 Alien Registration Act, Japan's occupation of their homeland meant Korean Americans were forced to identify themselves as "enemy aliens" and Japanese subjects.
		The Hart-Celler Act of 1965 that President Johnson signed into law in October of that year was actually intended to limit immigration.
	www.historylink.org /_output.CFM?file_ID=3251 (2555 words)

	REVOLUTION IN AMERICA - The Immigration Reform Act of 1965. [Free Republic]
		The McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 retained the basic structure of the 1924 measure, while adding important provisions intended to prevent the admission of known subversives to America's shores.
		The immigration acts that were put in place in the 20s were widely applauded and slowed down what was then a tremendous problem (and for all your people who claim anti-immigration laws are "racist", please note the the people MOST affected by the 1920s laws were EUROPEANS coming to America ILLEGALLY).
		The Immigration acts of 1921 and 1924 were intended to preserve a stable status quo by imposing a national origins quota system.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b80498c0730.htm (4354 words)

	Truman Library - Truman Papers: Richard E. Neustadt Files
		The collection deals mainly with immigration policy and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, also known as the McCarran-Walter Act.
		Congress approved the McCarran-Walter Act, an immigration-reform measure that Truman found unacceptable.
		Other materials in the collection cover a proposed act that would provide for the establishment of aliens in the regular Army as well as a budget draft for the Special Migration Act of 1952.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /hstpaper/neusthst.htm (778 words)

	9/11 and the LA 8
		At the same time, the Administration also announced that it would seek Hamide and Shehadeh's deportation under the original McCarran-Walter Act charges.
		The Administration's Patriot Act charges render foreign nationals deportable for providing "material support" to any group of two or more that has threatened to use or has used a weapon with intent to endanger person or property.
		Chip Pitts writes that after a campaign of distortion and deception, the Patriot Act is about to be renewed.
	www.thenation.com /doc/20031027/cole (991 words)

	Workers World July 24, 2003: LA 8, one step close to victory
		The draconian McCarran-Walter Act, enacted in 1952, made it a crime and deportable offense for an immigrant or naturalized citizen to engage in activities deemed "subversive" by the government.
		Instead, they were charged with violating the now-repealed McCarran-Walter Act for possessing literature advocating "worldwide communism." Throughout the years the government has openly admitted that if the LA 8 were U.S. citizens they would not have been charged at all.
		It must decide either to prosecute Shehadeh and Hamide based on the unconstitutional McCarran-Walter Act, attempt to bring new charges under the Patriot Act, or drop the case entirely.
	www.workers.org /ww/2003/shehadeh0724.php (571 words)

	ADC President Ziad Asali Urges Attorney General to Drop LA8 Case
		The eight, known as the "LA 8," were initially arrested and charged in 1987 with being members of a group that advocates world communism, a deportable offense under McCarran-Walter Act provisions then part of the immigration law.
		In addition, in our view there is no warrant for pursuing the case either under the long-repealed McCarran-Walter Act charges that are the only ones now pending, or under the new Patriot Act provisions.
		Judge Einhorn has given the government until June 9 to file a brief stating whether it plans to proceed under the pending McCarran-Walter Act charges, dismiss the case, or file new charges under the Patriot Act.
	adckazoo.com /news-178.htm (1021 words)

	McCarran-Walter Act
		The McCarran-Walter Act was not abolished until 1994, but many of its provisions were reborn in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), signed in 1996.
		In 1950, he sponsored a bill that became known as the McCarran Internal Security Act, which required all members of the American Communist Party, among other groups, to register with the Attorney General.
		McCarran's Senate Internal Security Subcommittee began to work closely with Hoover's FBI, conducting hearings on political subversives for the next twenty-seven years.
	www.skepticism.org /politics/terrorism/ter_McCarranWalter.shtml (833 words)

	Reno v. American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee: Supreme Court Rules Federal Courts Lack Jurisdiction to Review AG Decisions to "Commence Proceedings, Adjudicate Cases, or Execute Removal Orders" against Aliens
		In addition, it charged the two LPRs under a different section of the McCarran-Walter Act, which authorized the deportation of aliens who are members of an organization advocating "the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of any [government] officer or officers" and "the unlawful damage, injury, or destruction of property."
		Almost immediately, the respondents filed suit in federal district court, challenging the constitutionality of the anticommunism provisions of the McCarran-Walter Act and seeking declaratory and injunctive relief.
		While the case was on appeal, Congress passed the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), which, among other things, repealed the judicial review scheme then in place and instituted a new one in 8 U.S.C. section 1252.
	www.nilc.org /immlawpolicy/judrev/judrev011.htm (811 words)

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