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Topic: McMurdo Dry Valleys

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	McMurdo Dry Valleys - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Dry Valleys are so named because of their extremely low humidity and their lack of snow or ice cover.
		The valley floors are covered with a loose gravelly material, in which ice-wedge polygons may be observed.
		Scientists consider the Dry Valleys perhaps the closest of any terrestrial environment to Mars, and thus an important source of insights into possible extraterrestrial life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/McMurdo_Dry_Valleys (228 words)

	Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The dry valleys were formed by the advances and retreats of glaciers through the coastal ranges of the Transantarctic Mountains, which rise to several thousand meters above sea level and act as barriers to the flow of ice from the Polar Plateau.
		The dry valleys have been predominantly ice free for the past 4 million years although the present ice-covered lakes on the valley floors are much younger.
		The landscapes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys are a mosaic of ice-covered lakes, ephemeral streams, arid soils, permafrost, and surrounding glaciers.
	www.ccrc.sr.unh.edu /abstracts/Wharton1.html (702 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The valleys are ice- free because of the geography of their upper, or western ends, where high lips slow the entry of ice from the east antarctic ice sheet.
		Winds in the dry valleys range widely in direction and velocity and are controlled by the local topography, the proximity of the ice plateau and the ocean, and the season of the year.
		The dry valleys have two main types of patterned ground--rectangular networks of narrow ice wedges that develop on alluvial plains associated with present drainage and polygonal patterns that developed on old morainal surfaces, alluvial-mantled hillsides, and bedrock surfaces.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /antarctica/background/NSF/valleys.html (1763 words)

	Mike's Antarctic Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Dry Valleys are a polar desert oaisis, meaning they are ice-free (compared to the rest of the continent), and very dry (getting less than 10 cm/yr of precipitation, all in the form of snow).
		McMurdo is the name of the large American base across the sound from the Dry Valleys.
		The Dry Valleys have proven yet again as the super-heated pools of Yellowstone, that where there is water on this planet, there is life.
	www.mines.edu /~mgooseff/web_antarctica/antarctic.htm (529 words)

	Natural History Magazine \| Feature
		McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are remarkable not only as a hypercold desert, but also geologically: the bare landscape, free of ice and snow cover, offers earth scientists unparalleled opportunities to study the geologic record of phenomena as diverse as plate tectonics, past climate, and old volcanic systems.
		Exposed to view in various parts of the Dry Valleys, however, is a vertical slice of the dikes and sills immediately beneath the lavas, which cuts across layers of rock two and a half miles thick.
		The glaciers of the Dry Valleys are as exotic as the lakes.
	www.naturalhistorymag.com /0705/0705_feature.html (3439 words)

	Antarctica Research
		The soils of the Dry Valleys are up to five million years old, and are characterized by poorly developed profiles, low organic matter and water content and high salinity.
		The primary research goal is to understand the carbon cycle in the Dry Valleys with an emphasis on the sources of carbon (contemporary and legacy), and their influence upon the distribution and diversity of soil communities.
		The soil carbon cycle in the McMurdo region represents an extreme "end-member" of global soil ecosystems and is a significant component of the overall carbon cycle of the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~ravirg/antarctica/RAV.antarctica.html (296 words)

	Dry Valleys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		An interesting fact about the dry valleys in the Bunger Hills in Wilkes Land is when the U.S. Military landed there on a lake and the media reported it as a lush green valley, which was totally false, considering the average temperatures in the dry valleys range from 59 degrees to minus 112 degrees Fahrenheit.
		It certainly is a valley of the dead." Lucky for them, Scott and his crew were able to retrace their steps out of the dry valleys, and kept them from becoming the next mummified victims.
		The nematodes survive in the dry valley soils.
	www.hu.mtu.edu /~mmcooper/classes/valleys.html (1052 words)

	University of Wisconsin Antarctic Soils Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Soil profile descriptions are provided for soils inside the McMurdo Dry Valleys from 23 December 1975 to 22 December 1987, and outside the Dry Valleys from 13 November 1978 to 04 January 1986.
		Eco-climatic region: The McMurdo Sound area is divided into five ecoclimatic regions, including the coastal areas, the dry valley bottoms, the dry valley walls, the upland valleys and walls, and the polar plateau fringe (Campbell and Claridge 1998).
		Consistence Wet: The soil was wetted, and wet consistence was determined in terms of stickiness and plasticity, or, the degree of adherence of the soil between the thumb or and forefinger and the ability of the soil to be formed into a wire (Soil Survey Staff 1993).
	nsidc.org /data/docs/fgdc/ggd221_soiltemp_antarctica (3535 words)

	McMurdo MO
		McMurdo MO Collaborative Research: Microbial Diversity and Function in the Permanently Ice-Covered Lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
		Robert Falcon Scott, one of the earliest explorers of the McMurdo region of Antarctica, referred to the McMurdo Dry Valleys as the “Valley of the Dead” during his first visit in 1903.
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER Project represents a region where life approaches its environmental limits, and is an "end-member" in the spectrum of environments included in the LTER Network.
	serc.carleton.edu /microbelife/microbservatories/mcmurdo.html (365 words)

	Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Extraction of nematodes from Dry Valley Antarctic soils.
		The ecology of nematodes in Antarctic Dry Valley soils.
		McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Genetic Diversity of Soil Nematodes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica.
	www.nrel.colostate.edu /projects/soil/publications.html (1626 words)

	REFERENCES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Climate observations from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000.
		Glaciers of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica.
		Glaciers of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Terrestrial analog for Martian polar sublimation.
	faculty.washington.edu /epettit/IceCliffs/icecliffprop/References.htm (1077 words)

	LTER Sites - McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER - MCM
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys are located on the western coast of McMurdo Sound (77°00'S 162°52'E) and form the largest relatively ice-free area (approximately 4800 square kilometers) on the Antarctic continent.
		Thus, the dry valleys represent a region where life approaches its environmental limits, and is an ""end-member"" in the spectrum of environments included in the LTER Network.
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER project is an interdisciplinary study of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in a cold desert region of Antarctica.
	www.lternet.edu /sites/mcm (313 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Protection agreed for Dry Valleys
		Antarctica's Dry Valleys are said to be the closest place on Earth to a Martian landscape and are so dry that they are technically regarded as deserts.
		The Dry Valleys are an extraordinary place where ancient plants and mummified animals are found on its barren floors.
		The Valleys are also home to a lake so salty it does not ripple in the wind; a lake with a veneer of ice on top and warm water below; and a river which in summer flows inland from the coast.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3805907.stm (673 words)

	Dispatches
		With an average air temperature of less than -20° C and annual precipitation of six centimeters, McMurdo is the coldest and driest desert on the planet.
		For Priscu, a critical clue to the existence of life in the ice covers of McMurdo's lakes was the presence of sediment on their surfaces, deposited by fierce winds.
		For one, the landscape of the McMurdo Dry Valleys is perhaps earth's closest analogue to the ice-covered surface of Jupiter's moon Europa.
	www.exploratorium.edu /aaas-2001/dispatches/antarctica.html (1113 words)

	[No title]
		The dry valleys are located within the Transantarctic Mountains, which act as barriers to the flow of ice from the polar plateau and have been predominately free of ice for the past 4 million years.
		Life in the dry valleys is often not visible to the naked or untrained eye.
		A peculiar habitat within the dry valleys is that of microorganisms that live within a narrow zone under the surface of rocks, or endolithic organisms.
	atlantic.evsc.virginia.edu /LTER_biod/mcm.html (2395 words)

	Environment News Service ENS Latest Environmental Information Education Current Issues RSS
		The Dry Valleys form the largest relatively ice free area, 4,800 square kilometers, on the Antarctic continent.
		The team says the cooling trend could adversely affect the unique ecosystems in the Dry Valleys region, which live in a niche where a delicate balance between freezing and warmer temperatures allows them to survive and where liquid water is only available during the very brief summer.
		During the 1993-94 season 18 scientists were deployed to McMurdo Station and Taylor Valley to conduct research associated with the LTER project.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jan2002/2002-01-14-03.asp (863 words)

	Janal Kalis' Radio Weblog
		Of all the diverse landscapes on Earth, the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica may be the most like Mars.
		Extremely cold and extremely dry, the Dry Valleys are located near McMurdo Sound on the coast of Antarctica (roughly 77° South, 161° East).
		Unlike the rest of the continent, the McMurdo Dry Valleys are primarily free of snow and ice.
	blogs.salon.com /0002729/2004/04/22.html (950 words)

	John C. Priscu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Occurrence of Lysogenic Bacteria and Microbial Aggregates in the Lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
		Biogeochemistry of Si in the McMurdo Dry Valley Lakes, Antarctica.
		Fluorescence quenching in phytoplankton of the McMurdo Dry Valley lakes (Antarctica): Implications for the structure and function of the photosynthesis apparatus.
	landresources.montana.edu /Faculty/Priscu.htm (1807 words)

	20 Years of LTER Research - McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MCM) represent the largest ice-free area in Antarctica and are among the coldest and driest terrestrial environments on the planet.
		Without continuous, long-term monitoring these changes in the ecosystem of the McMurdo Dry Valleys could not have been linked directly to the physical forcing.
		McMurdo LTER investigators conduct research in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica
	lternet.edu /vignettes/mcm.html (324 words)

	Dry Valleys in Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Antarctic Dry Valley glaciers are clean and white, with a minimum of rock debris, few crevasses, and near-vertical terminus walls.
		Only the Taylor and upper Wright Valleys have glaciers at their heads, which connect with the ice of the polar plateau; the other valleys have either barren upper reaches or small alpine glaciers.
		This rugged topography extends down the valley about 6 kilometers and is believed to be the product of either (1) the large, steady flow of subglacial streams, or (2) a sudden release of extremely large volumes of glacial meltwater that had been trapped beneath the ice cap.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/science/dryvalleys.shtml (704 words)

	vitaevitae
		Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986–2000.
		Fossil fuel burning in Taylor Valley, southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Estimating the role of scientific activities on carbon and nitrogen reservoirs and fluxes.
		Diatoms in sediments of perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare, and implications for interpreting lake history in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica..
	tigger.uic.edu /~pdoran/vitae.html (946 words)

	Science Project Number BM-042-L / 2000-2001 Field Season (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The McMurdo LTER project focuses on the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in the Dry Valley landscape as contexts to study biological processes and to explore material transport and migration.
		During the second phase of this LTER project, we will extend our research by continuing to investigate the McMurdo Dry Valleys as an "end-member" system, with the aim to better ascertain the role of the past climatic legacies on ecosystem structure and function.
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER team members (composed of seven subgroups) plan to occupy the camps and labs at Lakes Hoare, Fryxell, and Bonney at various times from mid-October 2000 through early February 2001.
	www.polar.org /science/SciPlanSummaries/sps00/00_BM_042_L.htm (819 words)

	Antarctic Desert Rich With Insights Into Life on the Edge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Summary The McMurdo Dry Valleys form a cold, barren desert stretching for 1,853 square miles (4,800 square kilometers) in southeastern Antarctica.
		The valley is part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, a cold, barren desert comprising 1,853 square miles (4,800 square kilometers) in southeastern Antarctica.
		Fountain is one of several scientists who regularly visit the dry valleys to study this life, trying to understand how it can survive in such a harsh environment.
	www.ngnews.com /news/2003/02/0226_030226_McMurdo.html (698 words)

	Gayle L. Dana, Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Satellite-derived surface temperatures in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
		McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Solar radiation on glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica.
		McMurdo LTER: Using narrow band spectroradiometry to assess algal and moss communities in a dry valley stream.
	www.dri.edu /People/gdana (211 words)

	November 24, 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A gracious and enthusiastic person, he encouraged me to visit the Dry Valleys, even though he would not be arriving until after my departure.
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys lie some 60 miles in a westerly course across McMurdo Sound from the US base.
		Unique in a unique place, the valleys are among the most harshly arid deserts on earth--drier and colder than most places we could imagine.
	www.antarctica2000.net /mcmurdo/journal5/11_24_96.html (268 words)

	McMurdo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We tested whether Dry Valley nematode communities are sensitive to changes in the soil environment by instituting several field experiments manipulating soil moisture, carbon, and temperature at sites where the microbivore Scottnema lindsayae and omnivore-predator Eudorylaimus antarcticus co-occurred.
		Dry Valley soil communities is modified by legacies of past ecosystems and their influence on soil carbon and salinity.
		Ecosystem Dynamics in a Polar Desert: The McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
	www.gcte-focus1.org /activities/activity_11/task_112/NEWS/warmingsites/mcmurdo.html (577 words)

	ArcNews Fall 2004 Issue -- Scientific Research Uses GIS in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
		Additionally, because the location of sampling points is vital to sharing scientific data, the MDV science community needs a geospatial technology to manage and facilitate access to the data.
		McMurdo Dry Valleys are a Specially Protected Area under the Antarctic Treaty; thus, the NSF's programs need accurate geospatial information to manage research and tourism activities so as to minimize impact.
		The locations of more than 500 soil pits in MDV were reconstructed by the original investigators, Jim Bockheim, professor at the University of Wisconsin; Iain Campbell of Land and Soil Consulting NZ; and Graham Claridge, NZ IGNS, using points marked on aerial photographs that were also identifiable on VALMAP image basemaps.
	www.esri.com /news/arcnews/fall04articles/scientific-research.html (1281 words)

	Polar Worms May Warn of Global Warming, Experts Say (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		And in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica—so bleak they are used to simulate Mars—worms are the most sophisticated life forms around.
		In the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, worms are the most sophisticated life-forms around.
		Taylor Valley, a 40-minute helicopter ride from McMurdo Station, the largest research facility in Antarctica, is one of the coldest, driest places on Earth, with temperatures averaging –4 degrees Fahrenheit (–20 Celsius); and precipitation equivalent of less than four inches (10 centimeters) of rain per year.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2003/09/0912_030912_tvmcmurdo.html (665 words)

	DIALOG Dissertation Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Radiative and hydrological fluxes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
		The spatial and temporal distributions of solar radiation and temperature were investigated to predict glacial meltwater discharge in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (77 30 deg.; 162 00 deg.).
		Satellite-derived data were used to investigate the distributions of radiative fluxes and snow-covered area in the dry valleys.
	aslo.org /phd/dialog/1997January-12.html (333 words)

	Freeze-dried mats of microbes awaken in Antarctic streambed, says U. of Colorado study
		An experiment in a dry Antarctic stream channel has shown that a carpet of freeze-dried microbes that lay dormant for two decades sprang to life one day after water was diverted into it, said a University of Colorado at Boulder researcher.
		The experiment began in the 1994 research season, when the team used sandbags to divert water from an active streambed in the McMurdo Dry Valleys into the dry streambed, she said.
		The McMurdo Dry Valleys region consists of glaciers, open expanses of barren ground, stream channels and permanently ice-covered lakes.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-08/uoca-fmo080405.php (716 words)

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