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Topic: Meaning (linguistic)

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Reality, Mind, and Language as Field, Wave, and Particle Linguistics, like psychology, is in desperate need of an approach to language that is Janus-faced: consciousness interpreting the interrelationships of meaning and form, of synchrony and dischrony, of relativity and universals, of symbols and signs, of communication and speech, of philosophy and science; a complementary yes-yes approach to seeming oppositions which are interrelated. People have often compared the bilateral unity [of the physical aspect and the meaning aspect of linguistic signs] to the unity of the human person, composed of body and soul. Because the study of meaning requires a more qualitative than mechanistic approach, linguistics cannot investigate meaning and be called a science. www.enformy.com /dma-rml.htm

Meaning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Linguistics lends itself to the study of linguistic meaning in the fields of semantics (which studies conventional meanings) and pragmatics (studies in how language is used by individuals). The newspaper, or the vocal cords, are mediums for "linguistic meaning". Meaning is something contextual with respect to language and the world, and is also something active toward other meanings and the world. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meaning   (2584 words)

Language, philosophy of : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online When studying a human language, linguists seek systematic explanations of its syntax (the organization of the language’s properly constructed expressions, such as phrases and sentences; see Syntax), its semantics (the ways expressions exhibit and contribute to meaning; see Semantics), and its pragmatics (the practices of communication in which the expressions find use; see Pragmatics). Human linguistic capacities, he holds, issue from a dedicated cognitive faculty whose structure is the proper topic of linguistics. Grice’s main concern was philosophical methodology (see §3), but his proposals have proven extremely popular among linguists interested in pragmatics (see Communication and intention; Meaning and communication). www.rep.routledge.com /article/U017   (2584 words)

top13 But amidst all their differences, linguistic analysts are united by their common belief that philosophical issues must be approached, first and foremost (if not exclusively) from the point of view of their roots in human language. The foundation-stone of ordinary language philosophy (replacing logical positivism's verification principle) is the principle that the meaning of a word or proposition is determined by its use. It begins by defining the limits of the linguistic world in terms of the following set of foundational propositions: 1 The world is all that is the case. www.hkbu.edu.hk /~ppp/top/top13   (2584 words)

anthropology --  Encyclopædia Britannica The word anthropology is derived from two Greek words: anthropos meaning “man” or “human” and logos, meaning “thought” or “reason.” Anthropologists investigate the whole range of human development and behavior, including biological variation, geographic distribution,... a major division of anthropology that deals with the study of culture in all of its aspects and that uses the methods, concepts, and data of archaeology, ethnography and ethnology, folklore, and linguistics in its descriptions and analyses of the diverse peoples of the world. Cultural anthropology is concerned with the growth of human society—group behavior, the origins of religions, social customs and conventions, technical developments, and family relationships. www.britannica.com /eb/article-9007795   (757 words)

Phi 375: Philosophy of Language - Syllabus In the third quarter we will survey competing general theories of linguistic meaning and compare their various advantages and liabilities. In the first part, we will be dealing with some early theories of linguistic meaning taken from Augustin, Locke, Mill and Frege. Part IV introduces the basic concepts of linguistic pragmatics, speech act theory and metaphor theory. www.wfu.edu /~lotterdj/lotter/Phi375-Syllabus.htm   (757 words)

Meaning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Linguistics lends itself to the study of linguistic meaning in the fields of semantics (which studies conventional meanings) and pragmatics (studies in how language is used by individuals). In applied pragmatics (such as neuro-linguistic programming), meaning is constituted by an individual through the active significance generated by the mental processing of stimuli input from the sensory organs. Meaning as a whole is studied in philosophy and semiotics, and especially in philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and logic, and communications theory. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meaning   (2575 words)

Reality, Mind, and Language as Field, Wave, and Particle People have often compared the bilateral unity [of the physical aspect and the meaning aspect of linguistic signs] to the unity of the human person, composed of body and soul. For now we will merely note that this approach is one which does not arbitrarily separate form and meaning. But where does that leave his linguistic relativity principle? www.enformy.com /dma-rml.htm   (2575 words)

FSU Anthropology - Anthropological Linguistics Core Reading List 1976 "Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description," in Keith Basso and Henry Selby, Jr., editors, Meaning in Anthropology, pp. 1972 "Social Meaning in Linguistic Structures: Code-switching in Norway," in J. Gumperz and D. Hymes, editors, Directions in Sociolinguistics, pp. Brown, Cecil H. 1995 "Lexical Acculturation and Ethnobiology: Utilitarianism versus Intellectualism," Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 5(1):51-64. www.anthro.fsu.edu /about/corebib.html   (5187 words)

The Centre for Psychoanalytic Studies at the University of Essex, UK An examination of the cultural/phenomenological nexus of shared meaning through linguistic representation and interpretation of the symbolic in Jung’s theory of archetypes and its role in the construction of the subject and identity. How does the linguistic representation and interpretation of symbolic material in Jung’s theory of archetypes create a cultural/phenomenological nexus for shared meaning, and what is its’ role in the construction of the subject and identity within the culture of analytical psychology? From each perspective however, there is an articulation between subjective representation, appropriation, identity and language within the discourse of archetypal theory and its’ objective cultural location, and it is this nexus which it is my aim to explore. www.essex.ac.uk /centres/psycho/research/phd_topics/Wilde.htm   (1136 words)

Search Encyclopedia.com The empirical study of word meanings and sentence meanings in existing languages is a branch of linguistics; the abstract study of meaning in relation to language or symbolic logic systems is a branch of philosophy. Languages of the Tanoan branch of the Aztec-Tanoan linguistic stock (see Native American languages) are spoken at 11 pueblos, including Taos, Isleta, Jemez, San Juan, San Ildefonso, and the Hopi pueblo of Hano. linguistics -> Other Areas of Linguistic Study In contrast to theoretical schools of linguistics, workers in applied linguistics in the latter part of the 20th cent. www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Linguistic+protectionism   (1136 words)

Philosophy of language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Its primary concerns include the nature of linguistic meaning, reference, language use, language learning and creation, language understanding, truth, thought and experience (to the extent that both are linguistic), communication, interpretation, and translation. The conceptual meanings of an expression have to do with the definitions of words themselves, and the features of those definitions. Linguistic transparency, or speaking in an accessible manner, inspired by George Orwell's essay, Politics and the English Language en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philosophy_of_language   (1136 words)

The WSCR Archive: Mark Fettes: "Critical Realism and Ecological Psychology" The notions of meaning as discrete and unitary, of linguistic abilities as modular and structurally determined, of knowledge and thought as logical and propositional, are all based on the assumption that private language capacities and public language devices share the same ontology. Linguistic tokens are not interpreted automatically, simply by virtue of their availability in the environment: they must be perceived as relevant to the current focus of attention. The comparison between linguistic and biological evolution was popular in the nineteenth century, of course, but could not be sustained within the meliorist and gradualist accounts of evolution that predominated until recently. www.raggedclaws.com /criticalrealism/archive/mfettes_crep.html   (1136 words)

Relativism Descriptive semantic relativism, as we will use the phrase, is the empirical claim that different groups, e.g., people living at different times or in different cultures, sometimes have different beliefs about the meaning of a word (where words are individuated independently of their meanings by such things as pronunciation or spelling). The claim that one's language affects how she experiences and thinks about the world is known as the linguistic relativity hypothesis or linguistic relativism (it is also called, in deference to two prominent proponents, the Whorf hypothesis or the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis). Linguistics is particularly important, because universals were first defended here, and many languages have now been carefully studied from this point of view. plato.stanford.edu /entries/relativism   (1136 words)

Search Encyclopedia.com The empirical study of word meanings and sentence meanings in existing languages is a branch of linguistics; the abstract study of meaning in relation to language or symbolic logic systems is a branch of philosophy. The classification is primarily linguistic, and there are almost a hundred Bantu languages, including Luganda, Zulu, and Swahili. These people gave their name not only to the linguistic branch but also to the Caddo confederacy, a loose federation of tribes that in prehistoric times occupied lands f... www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Linguistic+protectionism&rc=10&fh=7&fr=11   (1136 words)

cog fullht Syntactics, the study of linguistic forms without regard to their meaning or the social functions of speech and language, was already being well studied by linguists. Linguistic anthropology should study semantics, but anthropology in general should strive to move from a careful study of semantics into a broader understanding of pragmatics. Cognitive anthropology's beginnings in the 1950's developed out of linguistic anthropology's ongoing dialogue with formal linguistics and anthropology, but its emergence paralleled a general interest in cognitive phenomena across the social and biological sciences. www.indiana.edu /~wanthro/cog.htm   (1549 words)

MACHINE TRANSLATION: A CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE Although languages usually exhibit broad disparity at the morphological and syntactical levels, such linguistic disparity is greatly diminished at the semantic level, at which various syntactical forms are converted to their corresponding logical forms. Linguistic diversity can be explained as variation in the setting of certain values for a principle of UG. This required the achievement of three main computational linguistic tasks: (1) the development of an Arabic parser; (2) the development of a lexical-semantic processor; (3) the development of an automatic generator of the vowelized text. www.unesco.org /comnat/france/ali.htm   (1549 words)

Cultural Anthropology of Language Linguistic relativity is a theory primarily about the nature of meaning, "the classic view focusing on the lexical and grammatical coding of language-specific distinctions," as Gumperz and Levinson describe (7). Benjamin Whorf extended this doctrine of linguistic determinism to describe the roles of language and thought in human development. Differences in linguistic structure "in the form of regular patterns of morphosyntactic markings index clear differences in informational content with respect to number as a function of object type in these two language" (106). www.duke.edu /~pk10/language/ca.htm   (1549 words)

LINGUISTICS & LANGUAGES But accounts of linguistic meaning crept into structuralist linguistic descriptions in the guise of analyses of structure or form. Linguistic relativity is a seductive hypothesis, particularly to anyone with a taste for cultural relativity. Strong linguistic relativity holds that the categories given expression in language are the categories in terms of which speakers of that language view the world. groups.msn.com /linguisticslanguages/americanstructuralism.msnw   (1549 words)

LANGUAGE, PERCEPTION AND ACTION: MEANING Of those concerned with linguistic meaning, some concentrate on the meaning of words (or concepts) in isolation and others believe that what philosophers should be concerned with is rather the meaning of sentences or propositions as the proper mode of conceptual analysis. This account of 'meaning' is not a philosophical or a linguistic one but essentially a neurological, physiological one. Whilst detailed treatment of linguistic philosophy (in the broadest possible sense) is, as has been said, impracticable, some brief description is needed to make it possible to establish points of contact between themes and debates in current philosophy involving language and the hypotheses and discussion about the functioning of language expounded in the earlier chapters. cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /archive/00003540/01/meaning.htm   (1549 words)

Whorfian linguistic relativism and constructed languages If there were a one-to-one correspondence between meaning and form, then every change in linguistic form would imply a mutilation of the conceptual system, and the aim of a schematic constructed language, namely a simpler system of means of expression for the conceptual system of the European languages, would be impossible. Graham, Being in Linguistics and Philosophy, Foundations of Language, August 1965 According to some linguists and philosophers the basic concepts of traditional philosophy are nothing but reflections of the grammatical categories of the Indo-European languages: thus the philosophical categories of substance and accident, for example, are hypostatizations of the grammatical categories of noun and adjective. donh.best.vwh.net /Languages/themaat.html   (1549 words)

Conceptions of Analysis in Analytic Philosophy: A Supplement to Analysis Reductive and connective, revisionary and descriptive, linguistic and psychological, formal and empirical elements all coexist in creative tension; and it is this creative tension that is the great strength of the analytic tradition. In his inaugural lecture of 1969, ‘Meaning and Truth’, Strawson spoke of a ‘Homeric struggle’ between theorists of formal semantics, as represented in their different ways by Frege, the early Wittgenstein and Chomsky, and theorists of communication-intention, as represented by Austin, Paul Grice and the later Wittgenstein (1969, 171-2). The emergence of logical analysis as the distinctive form of analysis in early analytic philosophy is outlined in §6 of the main document. plato.stanford.edu /entries/analysis/s6.html   (1549 words)

Criticism: The Linguistic Turn in Hermeneutic Philosophy. - Review - book review A shared thesis of this tradition is that "linguistic expressions are held to determine, if not what there is, at least what there can be for a linguistic community-what such a community can say (i.e., believe) that there is" (xii); in other words, for writers in this tradition, meaning determines reference. According to Lafont, the linguistic turn in the German tradition of the philosophy of language begins in the "Hamann-Herder-Humboldt" tradition, a tradition that emphasizes the "world-disclosing" function of language. The author analyzes the linguistic turn in the German tradition of the philosophy of language to critique and extend Habermas's theory of communicative rationality. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2220/is_3_42/ai_73356137   (1549 words)

Husserl, Thus both have reproached the phenomenological theory of intentionality (and the Husserlian version in particular) for having ignored the intersubjective, linguistic, sociocultural, and historical conditions of constitution, as well as for implying a misleading understanding of truth and meaning. Excerpt: The critique mounted by linguistic philosophy against a philosophy of the subject‑a critique that has been so predominant in 20thcentury thought‑is often interpreted as the manifestation of a far‑reaching philosophical paradigm shift namely, as a shift from a philosophy of subjectivity to a philosophy of intersubjectivity. However, the fact that our critical confrontation with linguistic pragmatics comes only at the end of the volume does not at all mean that it is only introduced in passing, for as we shall see, the linguistic pragmatic account, and the critique stemming from it, was decisive for the structure of our interpretation of Husserl. www.wordtrade.com /philosophy/german/husserl.htm   (1549 words)

Logical Positivism [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] Philosophy is the activity by means of which the meaning of statements is clarified and defined. Neurath proposed a linguistic theory of science, according to which scientific statements are not judged by means of the empirical evidence, but they are verified with respect to all other statements: true is thus replaced with coherence. Posthumously was published The principles of linguistic philosophy, Oxford, 1965, an exposition to the philosophy of the late Wittgestein. www.iep.utm.edu /l/logpos.htm   (1549 words)

Courses LINGUISTICS     An introduction to linguistics, the scientific study of human language.  Considers languages as structured systems of form and meaning, with attention also to the biological, psychological, cultural, and social aspects of language and language use.     A study of contemporary methods of linguistic analysis, with emphasis on data drawn from a wide variety of languages;  in-depth analysis of a single language.  Language universals, language types, and field methods are discussed. Students who are not linguistics majors may enroll with instructor's permission. www.wm.edu /linguistics/courses.php   (495 words)

Blair - Linguistic Imperialism and Gairaigo by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations." Linguistic imperialism, of course, is a metaphorical extension of this core meaning. This could be total replacement of one language with a dominant language or a monopoly in the establishment of linguistic standards for a specific language. If we are going to discuss linguistic imperialism, I think we need to formulate a definitional framework using the references and our own ideas. www.aichi-gakuin.ac.jp /~jeffreyb/lingimp.html   (1136 words)

THE IRANIAN: Survey, Cultural orientation, Sami Gorgan Roodi I believe that in order to fight linguistic imperialism, we need to devise a language of defiance and struggle and create an anti-language to resist the capitalist-Imperialist-racist-sexist-terrorist faith and berate the falsity and vacuity of their linguistic culture. In the process of doing so, I also discovered that linguistic imperialism is not confined to the profiteering side of selling the English language; rather, I came to realize that by selling their language these guys are also selling us their capitalist - imperialist - racist - sexist ideology. Phrases such as "to make a round-up of the news" (meaning "to make a summary of the news") also carry racist connotations since they are taken from the Western movies, from the "rounding up" of poor Indians. www.iranian.com /Opinion/2001/August/Language   (569 words)

usc linguistics department Linguistic semantics maintains links with logical inquiry and with computational theories of mind; above all, it is concerned with the nature of meaning in human language. This has raised new questions about linguistic universals and linguistic divergence. Such knowledge requires a grasp both of the meanings of individual words and how they combine to form complex expressions. www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/linguistics/content/semantics.php   (569 words)

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