Meaning (linguistics)

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Topic: Meaning (linguistics)

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	Cornell University Linguistics Department
		In the second part of the talk an alternative, cognitive, approach to non-truth-conditional linguistic meaning will be explored, which has a natural place in the relevance-theoretic approach to communication and cognition.
		On this view, no linguistic meaning is, in itself, truth-conditional.
		Expressions with procedural meaning, on the other hand, are seen as directly constraining the inferential pragmatic processes involved in utterance interpretation.
	ling.cornell.edu /moreabstracts02-03.html (662 words)

	Do you speak Convention?
		The productivity tenet rules out linguistic systems that are limited to a specific frame of reference, like traffic lights, weather flags, African headdresses that reveal marital status, etc. These non-verbal systems of communication are very efficient, but are unable to "formulate new messages" outside the scope of their field of meaning.
		The Chinese script is a prime example of a linguistic system where sound is virtually useless: visual sequences are related directly to meaning rather than to sound sequences.
		De Saussure, Ferdinand, "Course in General Linguistics" in From Modernism to Post-Modernism: An Anthology, pp 177-184.
	www.cedarseed.com /air/blabla1.html (662 words)

	interdisciplines : Issues in Coevolution of Language and Theory of Mind : A Pragmatic Perspective on the Evolution of Langage and Languages
		Decoding the linguistic sentence meaning is seen as just one part of the process of comprehension—a process that relies on both this linguistic meaning and on the context in order to identify the speaker’s meaning.
		The relatively rapid evolution of languages themselves and their lack of homogeneity within one and the same linguistic community—these two aspects being associated—can only be adequately explained if the function of language in communication is to provide evidence of the speaker’s meaning and not to encode it.
		In the language of these mutants, new linguistic signs may emerge and stabilize by a process of grammaticalization that is inaccessible to non-mutants.
	www.interdisciplines.org /coevolution/papers/6/1/1 (662 words)

	A Metalinguistic Description of the Idrani Language
		Stems ending in u or o take w as their transition, thus to meaning car and eh meaning my yield toweh, and su, meaning mouth, combined with eh yields suweh, meaning my mouth.
		It is designed to give general information to those with minor linguistics background who wish to learn the Idrani language.
		Stems ending in i or e take the transition y.
	randyb.byu.edu /alioth/idrani1.html (662 words)

	Learn more about Morphology (linguistics) in the online encyclopedia.
		It is unrelated to the word "cran" meaning a case of herrings, and though it actually comes from "crane" the bird, it is not at all clear why.
		Inflection occurs when a word has different forms but essentially the same meaning, and there is only a grammatical difference between them: for example, "make" and "makes".
		Morphology as a subdiscipline of linguistics studies word structure.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/mo/morphology__linguistics_.html (662 words)

	UCSC Linguistics: Undergraduate Course Descriptions
		Though it is part of the required core sequence for linguistics majors, Syntax I is designed for all students interested in an introduction to a rigorous, scientific approach to language study, a better understanding of the structure of English and of language in general, or just plenty of exercise in precise thought and writing.
		The study of meaning in language covers a wide range of topics, ranging from the connection between an individual's use of language and his or her cultural knowledge and particular beliefs to the investigation of the principles which explain the meaning of a sentence based upon the meaning of its component words.
		This course satisfies a core course requirement in Linguistics for the language studies major.
	ling.ucsc.edu /courses/undergrad_courses.html (662 words)

	Article of the Month Page
		In linguistics, morphological derivation is defined as "the process by which a new word is built from a base, usually through the addition of an affix." Derivation creates a new word by changing the category and/or the meaning of the base word to which it applies.
		Transderivational morphology is an NLP term which refers to the way in which the form or structure of a particular word directs our pathways of mental association; and thus influences the meaning and impact which that word has on us.
		The derivational affix "er," for instance, combines with a verb "X" to create a noun with the meaning "one who does X." The verbs "drive," "jump," "teach," "heal," "help," etc., can all be transformed into nouns by adding the suffix "er" -- i.e., driver, jumper, teacher, healer, helper.
	www.nlpu.com /Articles/artic27.htm (1943 words)

	derivation - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about derivation
		English words are derived from a variety of other languages (see borrowing), especially Greek (for example, hexagon from hex and -gonos meaning ‘six-angled’), Latin (for example, mission from mittere meaning ‘to send’), Anglo-Saxon (for example, blood from blod), and, after the Norman Conquest, French (for example, entreat from entraiter).
		The term is merely one of foreign derivation, meaning a clever fellow, or, in more literary and elegant language, a gentleman with whom one must reckon.
		‘Getting the sack’, for instance, is derived from the time when workers brought their own tools in a sack.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /derivation (237 words)

	Citations: Higher order unification and the interpretation of focus - Pulman (ResearchIndex)
		To account for this effect of focus on meaning, linguists have developed theories which have in common that they require a function to be built which denotes that part of the utterance which is not in focus (e.g.
		Too takes as arguments the meaning of a focussed constituent and the meaning of the sentence itself (without too) Use of too is appropriate if the sentence asserts that something similar but not identical to a previous event or state occurred.
		....Let us assume that the equivalence for this type of narrow focus is similar to that for too, in relevant respects, with some presupposition like requirements on speaker and hearer beliefs replacing the non identity condition associated with too.
	citeseer.lcs.mit.edu /context/25422/0 (237 words)

	Echo-Word Redup List
		The use of linguistic forms meaning baby to also mean small is illustrated in such English sentences as Look, a baby airplane, meaning a small airplane.
		My original purpose in making this query was to be able to describe this phenomenon better to novice linguistics students and others not conversant with the data, and especially people who see reduplication only as a phenomenon in baby-talk or 'lesser' forms of language, not in modern English(!).
		Links: This sense is taken to be sound-symbolically grounded directly in the doubled form - the repetition of the stem in the doubled form maps easily onto the meaning of repetition.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/echoword (237 words)

	Critical Discourse Analysis
		The linguistic and semantic structures which make up different languages, as symbols are the means by which humans produce meaning.
		Robert Kaplan, "Concluding Essay: On Applied Linguistics and Discourse Analysis," ed Robert Kaplan, Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Vol.
		As Hall sees it, meaning in a text is constructed by society, and the world is created by human beings for the purpose of that meaning.
	users.utu.fi /bredelli/cda.html (3526 words)

	Welcome to Berkeley Linguistics
		It is also inherently tied to a particular model of the ‘semantics of understanding’, known as Frame Semantics, which offers a way of structuring and representing meaning while taking into account the relationship between lexical meaning and grammatical patterning.
		Form in constructions may refer to any combination of syntactic, morphological, or prosodic patterns and meaning is understood in a broad sense that includes lexical semantics, pragmatics, and discourse structure.
		There is a rapidly growing international community of scholars who have been pursuing the Construction Grammar and Frame Semantics approach to linguistic analysis, which has its historical roots in Berkeley and particularly in the work of Charles Fillmore.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /latb/research/construction.html (356 words)

	BiblioVault - Constructions: a construction grammar approach to argument structure
		Drawing on work in linguistics, language acquisition, and computer science, Adele E. Goldberg proposes that grammatical constructions play a central role in the relation between the form and meaning of simple sentences.
		She demonstrates that the syntactic patterns associated with simple sentences are imbued with meaning--that the constructions themselves carry meaning independently of the words in a sentence.
		Prototypes, frame semantics, and metaphor are shown to play crucial roles.
	www.bibliovault.org /BV.book.epl?BookId=31 (172 words)

	Linguistics
		Course allows students to use their expertise in Linguistics and/or first/second language skills to provide a variety of services for members of the campus and local communities.
		An examination of ways of linking text linguistics and social theory, particularly within the framework of the emerging school of critical discourse analysis.
		Restricted to students in the Honors Track in Linguistics and consent of instructor.
	www.acs.utah.edu /GenCatalog/1034/crsdesc/ling.html (4755 words)

	Word (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Likewise, a proper noun is a word, however long it is. A space may not be even the main morpheme boundary in a word; the word New Yorker is a compound of New York and -er, not of New and Yorker.
		A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes.
		This correlates phonemes (units of sound) to lexemes (units of meaning).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Word_(linguistics) (4755 words)

	Cantonese
		The origins of Cantonese (also known as Yue) are not known due to absence of reliable historical records, however, it is generally agreed that Cantonese had acquired linguistics traits distinguishing it from other Chinese dialects by the time of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD).
		Cantonese is a tonal language which means that the meaning of words is affected by the pitch with which they are spoken.
		Cantonese, like all other Chinese languages, is predominantly an isolating language, meaning that for the most part, words have only one grammatical form.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/may/Cantonese.html (919 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		linguistics linguistics, scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.
		The empirical study of word meanings and sentence meanings in existing languages is a branch of linguistics; the abstract study of meaning in relation to language or symbolic logic systems is a branch of philosophy.
		One of the founders of modern linguistics, he established the structural study of language, emphasizing the arbitrary relationship of the linguistic sign to that which it signifies.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Min+(linguistics) (496 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		linguistics linguistics, scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.
		The empirical study of word meanings and sentence meanings in existing languages is a branch of linguistics; the abstract study of meaning in relation to language or symbolic logic systems is a branch of philosophy.
		One of the founders of modern linguistics, he established the structural study of language, emphasizing the arbitrary relationship of the linguistic sign to that which it signifies.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Mandarin+(linguistics) (520 words)

	Root (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The root of a word is a unit of meaning (morpheme) and, as such, it is an abstraction, though it can usually be represented in writing as a word would be.
		The root of a word, in etymology, has a somewhat different meaning: it may represent an older form.
		When several languages are believed to be children of one older language, linguists will compare each language to the rest, trying to find matching words and ultimately reconstruct the ancient root.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Root_morpheme (512 words)

	Chapter 1
		Contrary to what is maintained in the standard coding theory of meaning, it is fairly generally accepted in many branches of linguistics and psychology that what an utterance means cannot in any easy, transparent and compositional way be connected to the meaning of the individual elements in the utterance and their interrelation.
		This book characterizes a field of study in which the two disciplines, linguistics and psycholinguistics, are growing together.
		One of the emerging tendencies in recent linguistic research on the classification of coherence relations is the relevance of the notions perspective and subjectification.
	www.ling.helsinki.fi /tohtkoul/langnet/sandspo.htm (512 words)

	Grammar&Lin
		Linguistics is a descriptive as opposed to a prescriptive study; it intends to investigate what language is rather than how it should be.
		Linguistics is the quasi-scientific study of language, including its observation, analysis, and explanation.
		The person who says, for example, "I ain't got none," knows English and makes his or her meaning clear even if he or she does not live up to Grammar 5.
	www.valdosta.edu /~jlcampbe/GrammarandLin.htm (512 words)

	6-09 Diachronic and synchronic linguistics.
		Statements that are now false under synchronic linguistics (the study of language at a given time) may become false, as revealed by diachronic linguistics (the study of language through time).
		The real question is not a question in synchronic linguistics but one in diachronic linguistics, not 'Is (1) now a deviant sentence ?' but 'If a change in scientific knowledge (e.g.
		The truth value of statements (e.g., "Robots can be conscious.") can change over time as word use changes, even though the meaning of such statements remains constant.
	www.macrovu.com /CCT6/CCTMap609.html (512 words)

	Semantics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semantics is a subfield of linguistics that is traditionally defined as the study of meaning of (parts of) words, phrases, sentences, and texts.
		An area of study is the meaning of compounds, another is the study of relations between different linguistic expressions (homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, paronyms, hypernymy, hyponymy, meronymy, metonymy, holonymy, exocentric, and).
		Many of the formal approaches to semantics applied in linguistics, mathematical logic, and computer science originated in techniques for the semantics of logic, most influentially being Alfred Tarski's ideas in model theory and his semantic theory of truth.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Semantics (512 words)

	UNDERGRADUATE COURSES IN LINGUISTICS, The University of West Indies at Cave Hill
		It approaches language from 1) the perspective of meaning and the meaning of its constituent parts, and 2) the perspective of grammatical structure and the grammar of its constituent parts.
		The aim is to give students a general introduction to the field of Linguistics: the nature and origin of language; Socio-Linguistics; Language Acquisition; language typology and families; language change; grammar; writing systems.
		Topics to be covered include: the validity of the term 'creole' and the phenomenon of creolization; theories concerning the genesis and genetic affiliation of pidgins and creoles; decreolization and theories of linguistic change and acquisition; implications of creole language studies for general linguistic theory.
	www.cavehill.uwi.edu /fhe/LLL/Linguistics/UGCourses.htm (861 words)

	Compound Verbs in Persian
		In the compounds of the same type (i.e formed through combination) when the non-verbal part is a noun the verbal element is lexicalized and functions as an aktionsart marker.The meaning of these compounds may not be directly transparent and usually involves metaphoric extension.
		The meaning of these compounds is also transparent.Items ii(a) and ii(b) provide relevant examples.
		I have claimed that in the compounds formed via combination if the non-verbal part is an adjective or a past participle (in passive)then the verbal element of the compound serves as an auxiliary.
	www.kkhec.ac.ir /linguistics%20articles%20abstracts/compound_verbs_in_persian.htm (389 words)

	New Directions in Cognitive Linguistics
		Cognitive linguistics has accumulated considerable evidence for the centrality of conceptual projection to the ‘making of meaning’, in particular within Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Conceptual Integration (Blending) Theory.
		Conceptual projection is involved in the making of meaning in context and a driving force behind semantic change.
		In cognitive linguistic studies of conceptual metaphors, it has been argued that the source domain structures and the target domain structures are systematically correspond.
	www.cogling.org.uk /ThemeConceptualProjection.htm (1696 words)

	B.A. in Linguistics
		The Linguistics Program addresses this goal in all of its core courses as well as through specific areas of specialization that students may pursue.
		Analyze the meaning of words and sentences, identify types of lexical and sentence relations, elaborate on the role of linguistic and pragmatic context in the interpretation of meaning, and understand the role of theories in the analysis of semantic data;
		Identify phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic changes in the history of a language, discuss the contribution of social factors and language contact to language variation and change, use the comparative method to reconstruct ancestors of related languages, and explain the genetic and typological classification of languages.
	www.sjsu.edu /depts/linguistics/academic/BAgoals.htm (449 words)

	Standard Mandarin - Result for Standard Mandarin - Meaning of Standard Mandarin - Definition of Standard Mandarin - Dictionary of Meaning - www.mauspfeil.net
		The Final (linguistics) final is a combination of a medial (or glide (linguistics) glide, {{IPA-i-}}, {{IPA-u-}}, {{IPA-y-}}), a syllable nucleus nucleus, and a syllable coda coda.
		Some speakers of Hakka (linguistics) Hakka, for example, object that their own dialect should carry the name ''Hanyu,'' as its grammar is closer to that of ancient texts.
		In many parts of southern China, the linguistic diversity is so large that even people from neighboring cities find it difficult to talk to each other in the local form of Chinese, thereby requiring the use of a lingua franca such as standard Mandarin.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Standard_Mandarin.html (449 words)

	Linguistics @ neuvel.net
		Or visit Linguistics for Beginners for an interactive introduction.
		The Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), first put forward in Moscow by Zholkovskij and Mel'chuk (1965), operates on the principle that language consists in a mapping from the content or meaning (semantics) of an utterance to its form or text (phonetics).
		Whole Word Morphology is a theory of non-concatenative morphology developed by Alan Ford and Rajendra Singh at the Université de Montréal.
	www.neuvel.net /linguistics.htm (449 words)

	Department of Applied Linguistics Course Descriptions
		Introduction to the study of meaning in Linguistics (with influences from logic, and philosophy of language).
		Language varieties function beyond the conveying of simple denotative meaning; the use of a linguistic variety (or multiple varieties) and variants within a variety can say much about an individual, that individual's social identity, etc.
		This course reviews the linguistics and psychology of reading and learning to read, illuminating major themes and controversies in cognitive psychology that have arisen in the course of reading research: bottom-up and top-down processing; automaticity; direct-visual and phonologically-mediated processes; relation between reading and speech; representation and access in the mental lexicon; interactive and modular models.
	www.ling.pdx.edu /course_descrip.html (4117 words)

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Topic: Meaning (linguistics)

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