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Topic: Means of production

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	Economic Manuscripts: Capital Vol. I - Chapter Eight
		On the other hand, the values of the means of production used up in the process are preserved, and present themselves afresh as constituent parts of the value of the product; the values of the cotton and the spindle, for instance, re-appear again in the value of the yarn.
		The reason why means of production do not lose their value, at the same time that they lose their use-value, is this: they lose in the labour-process the original form of their use-value, only to assume in the product the form of a new use-value.
		The means of production on the one hand, labour-power on the other, are merely the different modes of existence which the value of the original capital assumed when from being money it was transformed into the various factors of the labour-process.
	www.marxists.org /archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch08.htm (4669 words)

	Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (Chpt. 3)
		Before capitalist production — i.e., in the Middle Ages — the system of petty industry obtained generally, based upon the private property of the laborers in their means of production; in the country, the agriculture of the small peasant, freeman, or serf; in the towns, the handicrafts organized in guilds.
		Means of production, means of subsistence, available laborers, all the elements of production and of general wealth, are present in abundance.
		The socialized appropriation of the means of production does away, not only with the present artificial restrictions upon production, but also with the positive waste and devastation of productive forces and products that are at the present time the inevitable concomitants of production, and that reach their height in the crises.
	oldweb.uwp.edu /academic/criminal.justice/engelsch03.htm (6711 words)

	Historical Materialism
		Before capitalist production — i.e., in the Middle Ages — the system of petty industry obtained generally, based upon the private property of the laborers in their means of production; in the country, the agriculture of the small peasant, freeman, or serf; in the towns, the handicrafts organized in guilds.
		Socialized production thus introducing itself as a new form of the production of commodities, it was a matter of course that under it the old forms of appropriation remained in full swing, and were applied to its products as well.
		Means of production, means of subsistence, available laborers, all the elements of production and of general wealth, are present in abundance.
	www.angelfire.com /fl3/fr3ud/3.html (3833 words)

	TRINPsite: Book of Instruments: The Means of Production and Communication
		When productive activity is conceived of as purposive activity thru which humans appropriate nature, satisfy their needs and develop their powers, production and consumption form a unity, and are integrated in one so-called 'production process'.
		Altho the meaning of production and function may be stretched so much that it encompasses all 'life-creating and life-affirming activities, including the material as well as the mental, emotional and esthetic aspects', this is tantamount to draining these terms of all practical significance.
		It is the ownership of the means of production as instruments which enable individuals or groups to effectively present their ideas to the general public and to promote certain causes among those they could never reach in another way.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ftptr025/MNI/BoI/9/3/4.HTM (1033 words)

	Encouraging prospects for nation's means of production
		Statistics indicate a year-on-year increase in the supply of 32 major items of means of production in 2003, which is attributed to a 17.8 per cent rise in local output and 25.2 per cent growth in imports.
		The boom in the means of production market in 2003 was a result of a number of factors including industrial production, investment, export and terminal consumption, a departure from the previous years' situation, in which the market was almost solely driven by infrastructure construction.
		The means of production market has the potential for further development in 2004, considering the nation's current strong momentum of economic growth.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /chinagate/doc/2004-04/09/content_322030.htm (2050 words)

	Chapter Constant Capital and Variable Capital of Das Kapital by Karl Marx
		On the other hand, the values of the means of production used up in the process are preserved, and present themselves afresh as constituent parts of the value of the product; the values of the cotton and the spindle, for instance, re- appear again in the value of the yarn.
		The value of the means of production is therefore preserved, by being transferred to the product.
		Hence, the labourer preserves the values of the consumed means of production, or transfers them as portions of its value to the product, not by virtue of his additional labour, abstractedly considered, but by virtue of the particular useful character of that labour, by virtue of its special productive form.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/1/261/1294/24743/1.html (532 words)

	Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk on Cost of Production and Prices
		The value of the product is the determinant factor, the means of production is the factor that is determined.
		First it goes from the marginal product to the means of production, fixes the value of the latter, and then ascends in the opposite direction from the means of production to the other products which it is possible to produce from them.
		Böhm-Bawerk uses the term "marginal product" here to refer to a distinct product of a different type, not, as is the practice in contemporary economics, to the gain or loss of a product of a given type attributable to the presence or absence of a unit of a factor of production.
	www.capitalism.net /BOEHM_Q.htm (2369 words)

	What is ommon Ownership? and Cooking the Books 1
		It follows that a classless society is one in which the use of the means of production is controlled by all members of society on an equal basis, and not just by a section of them to the exclusion of the rest.
		The means of production can still be said to belong to those who control and benefit from their use, in this case to the whole population organised on a democratic basis, and so to be “commonly owned”; by them.
		State-owned means of production belong to an institution which confronts the members of society, coerces them and dominates them, both as individuals and as a collectivity.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/apr05/page8.html (1368 words)

	Marx, Capital, Volume I, Part VIII, Chapter 32: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The private property of the labourer in his means of production is the foundation of petty industry, whether agricultural, manufacturing or both; petty industry, again, is an essential condition for the development of social production and of the free individuality of the labourer himself.
		As it excludes the concentration of these means of production, so also it excludes co-operation, division of labour within each separate process of production, the control over, and the productive application of the forces of Nature by society, and the free development of the social productive powers.
		Centralisation of the means of production and socialisation of labour at last reach a point where they become incompatible with their capitalist integument.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpA32.html (841 words)

	Means of Production - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Means of Production, the tools, materials, facilities, and information required for economic production, such as the operation of a factory....
		Closely related to collage is the construction, a combination of various materials extending into space like a sculpture.
		Building construction in the U.S. is the product of a diverse group of subindustries, with many individuals and organizations involved in the...
	encarta.msn.com /Means_of_Production.html (214 words)

	Economic security: introduction
		In conflict or crisis situations, where displacement, theft, looting, and the destruction of property and infrastructure are commonplace, households no longer have the necessary means of production to be self-sufficient.
		uses this approach to focus on household economics in the context of armed conflict and is concerned with both the means of production required to cover all the basic economic needs of a household as defined by its physical and cultural environment, and the provision of the necessary resources to meet such needs.
		The ICRC intervenes if these means are found to be deficient or likely to become inadequate, and it has long defended an approach to assistance where the criteria are no longer malnutrition or absolute destitution, but rather the loss or potential loss of economic security.
	www.icrc.org /Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList272/D1EF05AD36A8920FC1256B66005E00A7 (701 words)

	Marxist Media Theory
		The mass media are, in classical Marxist terms, a 'means of production' which in capitalist society are in the ownership of the ruling class.
		The class which has the means of material production at its disposal has control at the same time over the means of mental production, so that thereby, generally speaking, the ideas of those who lack the means of mental production are subject to it.
		This leads to an extreme stance whereby media products are seen as monolithic expressions of ruling class values, which ignores any diversity of values within the ruling class and within the media, and the possibility of oppositional readings by media audiences.
	www.aber.ac.uk /media/Documents/marxism/marxism03.html (171 words)

	What's Wrong With Globalization?
		These “forces of production” include but are not limited to technological progress in transportation and information exchange; computerization of economic data processing; automation and robotization of production; growing numbers entering the work force; and rising levels of education.
		In traditional Marxist literature, the class character of the relations of production is a consequence of the ownership or property relations in regard to the “means of production.” The term “means of production” refers to the factories, farms, etc. used for production.
		The organization of production and the technology employed in it can be considered to fall partly with the means of production (for example, the nonhuman elements of an assembly line), and partly within the social productive forces (workers on an assembly line).
	yaleglobal.yale.edu /display.article?id=8077 (1676 words)

	Capital, Part Eight
		The private property of the laborer in his means of production is the foundation of petty industry, whether agricultural, manufacturing, or both; petty industry, again, is an essential condition for the development of social production and of the free individuality of the laborer himself.
		As it excludes the concentration of these means of production, so also it excludes co-operation, division of labor within each separate process of production, the control over, and the productive application of the forces of Nature by society, and the free development of the social productive powers.
		Centralization of the means of production and socialization of labor at last reach a point where they become incompatible with their capitalist integument.
	history.hanover.edu /modern/marx/KAPI8-4.html (926 words)

	Graphic Witness: Hugo Gellert
		On the one hand, there must be the owners of money, of the means of production and of the means of subsistence, who desire by the purchase of others' labor power to increase the sum of the values they own.
		First of all, they must not themselves form a direct part of the means of production, must not belong to the means of production, as do slaves, serfs, etc. Secondly, the means of production must not belong to them, as the means of production belong to peasant proprietors.
		As soon as capitalist production is able to stand on its own feet, it does not merely receive this divorce between labor and the means of labor as a legacy from the past, but reproduces it upon a continually increasing scale.
	www.graphicwitness.org /contemp/marx03.htm (323 words)

	Spring 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Capitalist Production as the Production of Surplus-value (pp.
		First the confrontation: the opposition between the worker and the means of production fill the place of the confrontation between worker and capital.
		the product ceases to be the product of isolated direct labor, and the combination of social activity appears, rather as the producer" (Grundrisse, p.
	www.duke.edu /~hardt/ONE-APP.htm (1900 words)

	[No title]
		In the second place, when transferring the means of production to any enterprise, the owner -- the state -- does not at all lose the ownership of them; on the contrary, it retains it fully.
		In the third place, directors of enterprises who receive means of production from the Soviet state, far from becoming their owners, are deemed to be agents of the state in the utilisation of the means of production in accordance with the plans established by the state.
		Furthermore, the transfer of ownership of means of production from the state to an enterprise by the act of purchase can in no way be regarded as transfer to and "agency" of the central state.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/wim/wyl/hoxha/bland/ussrchap6.html (1343 words)

	Socialist Viewpoint
		The possibility of securing for every member of society, by means of socialized production, an existence not only fully sufficient materially, and becoming day-by-day more full, but an existence guaranteeing to all the free development and exercise of their physical and mental faculties—this possibility is now, for the first time, here, but it is here.
		As a consequence, their transformation from individual to social means of production—a transformation which does not, on the whole, affect the form of exchange.
		But these two levers of production and of social well-being are unable to work together, because the capitalist form of production prevents the productive forces from working and the products from circulating, unless they are first turned into capital—which their very superabundance prevents.
	www.socialistviewpoint.org /feb_04/feb_04_23b.html (3400 words)

	ParEcon Tomorrows Economy
		Historically, having a few members of society own these means of production, decide on their use, and dispose over the output and revenues they generate has meant that this privileged group has always had more wealth, more income, and more economic power than others in society.
		No one has any ownership of means of production that accrues to him or her any rights, any responsibilities, any wealth, or any income different from what the rest of the economy warrants for him or her.
		Means of production are no longer owned in a participatory economy, but we still have to worry about the allocation of means of production to different production processes and about dispensation over the use of means of production.
	www.zmag.org /books/pareconv/Chapter4.htm (948 words)

	Graphic Witness: Hugo Gellert
		On the one hand, there must be the owners of money, of the means of production and of the means of subsistence, who desire by the purchase of others' labor power to increase the sum of the values they own.
		First of all, they must not themselves form a direct part of the means of production, must not belong to the means of production, as do slaves, serfs, etc. Secondly, the means of production must not belong to them, as the means of production belong to peasant proprietors.
		As soon as capitalist production is able to stand on its own feet, it does not merely receive this divorce between labor and the means of labor as a legacy from the past, but reproduces it upon a continually increasing scale.
	graphicwitness.org /contemp/marx03.htm (323 words)

	The Development of Capitalism in Russia - Ch.1, Sect.06
		This larger consumption of constant capital is nothing but a higher level of the development of the productive forces, one expressed in terms of exchange-value, because the rapidly developing “means of production” consist, in the main, of materials, machines, instruments, buildings and all sorts of other accessories for large-scale, especially machine, production.
		This “very good knowledge” of one’s relation to production has disappeared in capitalist society owing to the latter’s inherent fetishism, which presents the social relations of men as relations of products—owing to the conversion of every product into a commodity produced for an unknown consumer and to be realised in an unknown market.
		It is this expansion of production without a corresponding expansion of consumption that corresponds to the historical mission of capitalism and to its specific social structure: the former consists in the development of the productive forces of society; the latter rules out the utilisation of these technical achievements by the mass of the population.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/socstud/tmp_store/mia_2/Library/archive/lenin/works/1899/devel/ch01/06.htm (1936 words)

	groups.myspace.com/MeansOfProductionMovement
		The Means of Production is a revolutionary film/art movement and philosophy that believes that the art of filmmaking needs an independent film revolution of creativity and innovation in our Digital Age to save the art of film.
		MOP sees the art of film creeping towards the precipace of mediocrity and corporatism, and away from the high ideals of important and meaningful cinema.
		MOP is an underground film movement that encourages independent filmmakers to break down all of the walls to creativity and make films with a spirit of freedom.
	groups.myspace.com /MeansOfProductionMovement (4454 words)

	Liberalism, The Organization of the Economy
		The history of private ownership of the means of production coincides with the history of the development of mankind from an animal-like condition to the highest reaches of modern civilization.
		Syndicalism seeks to invest ownership of the means of production neither in individuals nor in society, but in the workers employed in each industry or branch of production.
		Socialism or communism is that organization of society in which property-the power of deploying all the means of production-is vested in society, i.e., in the state, as the social apparatus of compulsion and coercion.
	www.mises.org /liberal/ch2sec1.asp (1065 words)

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