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Topic: Meat Packing Industry

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Slaughterhouse

Industrial rendering

Meat and bone meal

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	Meat - MSN Encarta
		The meat of cattle is known as beef; calves, as veal; sheep, as mutton; lambs, as lamb; and swine, as pork.
		Meat consists of skeletal muscle, with varying amounts of fat and connective tissue, but internal organs are also used.
		Meat is a nutritious food, containing quantities of essential amino acids in the form of protein.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761554616/Meat.html (414 words)

	Meat packing industry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The meat packing industry is an industry that handles the slaughtering, processing and distribution of animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and other livestock.
		The industry is primarily focused on producing meat for human consumption, but it also yields a vareity of by-products including hides, feathers, dried blood, and through the process of rendering, fat such as tallow and protein meals such as meat and bone meal.
		The United States meat packing industry held a prominent focus in the 1906 novel The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, which criticized the treatment of workers and the safety of the products themselves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meat_packing_industry (224 words)

	SIC 2011 Meat Packing Plants
		This industry includes establishments primarily engaged in the slaughtering (for their own account or on a contract basis for the trade) of cattle, hogs, sheep, lambs, and calves for meat to be sold or to be used on the same premises in canning, cooking, curing, freezing, and in making sausage, lard, and other products.
		Industry sources indicate that the Midwestern states raised about 46 percent of the cattle and over 15 percent of the hogs in the 1990s, while south central states raised more than 15 percent of the cattle and nearly 70 percent of the hogs.
		Meat packing is also a highly labor-intensive industry, and a large majority of the total employees (84 percent) were production workers, compared to 72 percent in all food preparation sectors and 67 percent in all manufacturing industries.
	www.referenceforbusiness.com /industries/Food-Kindred-Products/Meat-Packing-Plants.html (4170 words)

	Meat-Processing Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As meat processing industrialized, hundreds of the smallest butcher firms were absorbed by larger enterprises, which sought out international markets for their meat exports.
		But the industry was left with surplus capacity in the 1920s, which prompted the withdrawal of several large American meat packers from the Canadian market and the creation of Canada Packers through the merger of William Davies and the Harris Abattoir.
		Meat processing became, and remains, one of Canada's largest single manufacturing industries and the largest employer in the food-manufacturing group.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0005190 (1330 words)

	Meat Inspection Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 is a United States federal law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.
		The law was partly a response to the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, an expose of the Chicago meat packing industry, as well as to other Progressive Era muckraking publications of the day.
		Despite betrayal of the secret to the meat packers, who worked three shifts a day for three weeks to clean the factories prior to the inspection, Neill and Reynolds were still revolted by the conditions at the factories, and at the lack of concern by plant managers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meat_Inspection_Act (394 words)

	MEAT-PACKING INDUSTRY,
		Before cold storage of meat was introduced in the U.S., it was customary to ship the live animals to major population centers.
		Although inspection by the federal government of meat used in the packing industry was provided for in earlier acts of Congress (1890–91, 1895), comprehensive legislation was not introduced until 1906.
		The Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 requires all meat-packers to meet federal inspection requirements, and agreements to that effect have been made between the various states and the federal government.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=216119 (1249 words)

	Migration News
		Average real hourly earning in meat packing and meat processing rose from 1960 to about 1980, with the rate being higher in meat packing, then real average hourly earnings in these subindustries started a 15 year decline, where the rate of decline was slower in meat processing than meat packing (see figure 2).
		The industry is such that capital shares and capital investments for packing plants are small relative to either sales or other costs, and the opportunity cost of abandoning an existing, partially depreciated facility in the face of declining animal availability or rising labor costs is small.
		Meat and poultry processing are subindustries that have received considerable attention in the popular press as sources of this employment, but growth in employment of Hispanic- and Asian-origin persons is of a much broader base than this industry.
	migration.ucdavis.edu /cf/comments.php?id=158_0_2_0 (3669 words)

	Meat packing industry
		Meat packing industry smoked or to wash down by months dried fruit and it is possible to preserve the amateurs of domestic ham or they soaked meat packing industry tastefully feed your favorites with the sawdust of the original collection of deer by the business meat packing industry partners, colleagues and also the kompanii.
		Meat packing industry before the irreplaceable source of all, except convinced vegetariantsev, meat packing industry help correct and beef with the kompanii.
		Snabzheniye by lamb, egyptians saturated meat meat packing industry packing industry by seeds, hindus pickled pork and nitrozilgemokhromogen, which, is placed on the piece of obshchepita, and it is especially important for the best species of offering to your selection and manufactured on the depth it into the.
	mjaso.50megs.com /meat-packing-industry.html (612 words)

	CorpWatch : US: Meat Packing Industry Criticized on Human Rights Grounds
		Noting that the industry's injury rate was three times that of private industry over all, the report describes plants where exhausted employees slice into carcasses at a frenzied pace hour after hour, often suffering injuries from a slip of the knife or from repeating the same motion more than 10,000 times a day.
		Industry officials denied that they violated workers' rights, saying that the number of injuries was declining and that packing companies did their utmost to make their plants safe.
		The industry also asserted that packing companies did not violate laws allowing workers to unionize and did not treat workers more harshly because of their immigration status.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=11806 (1002 words)

	America's Meat Industry
		Meat industry sales in 2003 were nearly $90 billion, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce.
		In 2004, the meat packing industry's rate of fatal occupational injuries was 5.4 (fatalities per 100,000 workers).
		The U.S. meat packing industry is the only segment of food animal agriculture covered by a federal law - the Humane Slaughter Act - that mandates the continuous presence of inspectors in our plants overseeing animal handling practices.
	bestfoodnation.com /meat-processing.asp (855 words)

	Meatpacking in America: Still a Jungle Out There? . NOW \| PBS
		The average wage earned by a meat packing employee during the 60s and 70s was 14-18 percent higher than their counterpart in the larger U.S. manufacturing sector.
		The peak average hourly wage of a meat packing employee during this period was nearly $20 an hour when adjusted for inflation.
		Today, America's meat industry is the nation's largest agricultural sector and sales of meat and poultry exceed $100 billion a year in the U.S. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the animal slaughtering and processing industry employed a total of 506,000 people at the close of 2005.
	www.pbs.org /now/shows/250/meat-packing.html (1003 words)

	Packaging - Meat Packing Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The meat packing industry is an industry (The people or companies engaged in a particular kind of...
		The meat packing industry denied that there were any violations of human rights in their plants and indicated that injuries on the job are on the decline.
		In relative terms the meat packing industry is a highly organized industry...
	www.packaginge.com /meatpackingindustry (623 words)

	The Meaning of Meat in Industrial Social Protest Novels;
		The industrial city was an unnatural setting for the workers, the livestock and even landscape, and anything which could not adapt to industrial conditions died.
		Given that this industry was one of the primary forces oppressing the working class, such a debunking leads the reader to ask whether or not any other presumptions we might have about the necessity of such a working class might likewise be incorrect.
		As explained above, Sinclair's focus on the meat industry as a vehicle for communicating the evils of Capitalism, combined with the historical context of the novel's publication and the character and mood of its audience, all culminated to ignite a large-scale public reaction against the meat packing industry.
	leda.law.harvard.edu /leda/data/149/kryan3.html (14405 words)

	Barr Brothers Company - What the Press has to Say (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The meat packing industry has experienced a significant drop in the incidence of CTDs due to its ergonomics emphasis in the 1990’s.
		One industry insider reports that meat handlers in some meat companies in Europe, as well as Australia - and possibly even in the United States - still prefer using the old-fashioned method of handling meat by hand as opposed to using meat hooks.
		The hand held meat boning hooks are used in every meat packing plant and butcher shop in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
	www.barrbrothers.com /press.html (2269 words)

	Alternatives to Rendering for Meat Processors
		The challenge is how to let natural processes do their work safely and cleanly at a rapid turnover rate, on numbers of animals never found at such close quarters in nature.
		Over the years, the meat processing industry has developed three distinct ways to handle waste disposal: rendering, incineration, and variations on the natural processes of biological decomposition.
		The bottom line for meat processors is that incineration may be a possible option under special circumstances, but that a more economical alternative would be a much more preferable option.
	ecm.ncms.org /ERI/Meat/rendaltsum.htm (982 words)

	American Meat Institute
		The American Meat Institute (AMI) is the nation's oldest and largest meat and poultry trade association.
		Much of this is due to voluntary ergonomic guidelines for the meat packing industry, which were developed in a cooperative industry-government-labor effort in 1990.
		Between 1990 and 1997, injuries and illnesses in the meat packing sector dropped 16.4 percent, while injuries in and illnesses in the meat processing sector dropped 25 percent.
	www.meatami.com /Template.cfm?Section=Archived&template=PressReleaseDisplay.cfm&PressReleaseID=225 (388 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		Before cold storage of meat was introduced in the U.S., it was customary to ship the live animals to major population centers.
		Although inspection by the federal government of meat used in the packing industry was provided for in earlier acts of Congress (1890–91, 1895), comprehensive legislation was not introduced until 1906.
		The Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 requires all meat-packers to meet federal inspection requirements, and agreements to that effect have been made between the various states and the federal government.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=216119 (825 words)

	Texas Beef Cattle Industry, 1996
		Meat packers are "vertically integrating" through arrangements known as captive supplies-agreements with producers and feed lots to obtain cattle two or more weeks prior to slaughter.
		The cattle industry is one of Texas' major economic sectors and every effort should be made to ensure it remains a strong and vital part of our economy.
		The cattle industry uses a variety of specialized terminology with animal terms generally referring to the age or sex of the animals and other terms defining whether the cattle are destined for breeding or feedlots, or kept on forage for feed.
	www.window.state.tx.us /comptrol/reports/beef/txcattle.html (3238 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online:
		In 1870 meat packing ranked second of Texas industries; in 1880 it fell into a position of minor importance; in 1890 it was still not among the first half-dozen; in 1900 it ranked sixth; in 1910, taken together with wholesale slaughtering, it ranked first; in 1920 it was second; and in 1930 it ranked third.
		During the 1950s and through the 1960s meat packing in Texas expanded from an industry characterized by a large number of small, low-volume firms to an industry comprising a small number of large slaughterhouses and wholesale distributors.
		In 1968 the Texas industry slaughtered 2,782,000 cattle, 345,200 calves, 1,978,000 hogs, and 1,404,000 sheep and lambs.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/MM/dim1.html (550 words)

	Liberty – Of Meat and Myth
		The truth is that not only did government inspection exist, but meat packers themselves supported it and were in the forefront of the effort to extend it so as to ensnare their smaller, unregulated competitors.
		When the sensational accusations of “The Jungle” became worldwide news, foreign purchases of American meat were cut in half and the meat packers looked for new regulations to give their markets a calming sense of security.
		Meat packers themselves supported government regulation and were in the forefront of the effort to extend it so as to ensnare their smaller, unregulated competitors.
	www.libertyunbound.com /archive/2006_08/reed-meat.html (1988 words)

	Celebrating 100 Years of the Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA)
		BAI gained further responsibility in 1890 to enforce the newly approved meat inspection act to ensure salted pork and bacon intended for export was safe.
		In 1891, the Act was amended to cover the inspection and certification of all live cattle for export and live cattle that were to be slaughtered and their meat exported.
		Meat inspection activities have shifted among various USDA program areas and divisions since the establishment of FMIA.
	www.fsis.usda.gov /About_FSIS/100_Years_FMIA/index.asp (1705 words)

	North Gate News Online :: Expert Deplores Conditions in American Meat Industry
		Conditions in meat packing plants are better than they were in the early 20th century when publication of The Jungle, Upton Sinclair's groundbreaking expose of the meat industry, led to major changes including the prohibition against the "Four Ds" -- dead, dying, disabled or diseased animals, Schlosser said.
		Representatives of the meat packing industry have harshly criticized "Fast Food Nation" and have accused Schlosser of misrepresenting the conditions inside packing plants.
		Dressed casually in faded jeans and a striped shirt, Schlosser explained that working in the meat packing industry was once comparable to working in the automobile industry -- the pay was good, the working conditions were safe and the unions had clout.
	journalism.berkeley.edu /ngno/stories/000502.html (533 words)

	Transcript: Corporate Pig-Out: Meat Industry Consolidation
		Phillip Babich: Perhaps one of the biggest changes in the industry occurred in the 1960s when IBP introduced "boxed beef." This presented a fundamental shift in the way meat was packed and processed...and allowed IBP to grow from a one-farm company to the world's largest beef packer.
		And as a result of it, the wage of a worker in a meat packing plant in say 1980 and 1981 was between nine and ten dollars an hour.
		And so now there's even discussion in the meat packing industry of contract labor programs, guest worker programs, in trying to change immigration laws in a way that would give them the ability to import contract laborers in the same way the bracero program operated back in the 1940s and 1950s.
	www.radioproject.org /transcript/1999/9932.html (3845 words)

	[No title]
		They fear that firms in a concentrated processing industry that utilize a specialized input such as meat animals may be able to reduce the prices they pay to suppliers.
		Other issues regarding the red meat industry that have become important since the study was begun were not examined.
		Large packing plants (with daily slaughter in excess of 4,000 head) purchased nearly half of their cattle from the large feedlots.
	www.usda.gov /news/releases/1996/02/0062 (2611 words)

	Farm Business Communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		What is shocking is the two largest meat packers in Alberta, Lakeside at Brooks and Excel at High River are both US companies (IBP-Tyson and Cargill respectively) and these two plants alone slaughter over 60 percent of all the beef processed in Canada.
		When you consider the meat packing industry is the 4th largest manufacturing sector in Canada, behind motor vehicles, petroleum products and wood products, this degree of industry control by foreign interests is nothing short of frightening.
		Buying one of the major packing houses would "address producerandS217;s problems fast and give control of the industry back to the grass root producer" Investing in an existing plant would not increase slaughter capacity but Duncan claims expansion of an existing plant is easily achieved.
	www.agcanada.com /custompages/stories_story.aspx?mid=51&id=399 (1214 words)

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