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	Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Because blood tends to stick to mechanical valves and create blood clots, patients with these valves will need to take blood-thinning medicines (called anticoagulants) for the rest of their lives.
		Mechanical valves may also fail, so patients should alert their doctor if they are having any symptoms of valve failure.
		Minimally invasive heart valve surgery is a technique that uses smaller incisions to repair or replace heart valves.
	texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Proced/vsurg.cfm (1968 words)

	All Headline News - Mechanical Heart Pumps May Be Used In Children - September 19, 2006
		Boston, MS (AHN) - A new study shows mechanical heart pumps designed for adults may be used in children whose bodies are large enough to accommodate the devices.
		The ventricular assist devices maintain heart function in critically ill patients while they are waiting for a heart transplant.
		Elizabeth D. Blume, medical director of the heart failure/transplant program at Children's Hospital Boston, says, "Over the last 10 years, these devices have been used in a limited number of children as a bridge to transplant." She adds, "However, we know little about how useful these are in the pediatric population.
	www.allheadlinenews.com /articles/7003586346 (243 words)

	ScienceDaily: Montreal Surgeons Implant New Mechanical Heart
		The MUHC has the largest mechanical heart program in Quebec, capable of conducting the most complex surgical procedures and implanting an array of specialized devices suitable for each patient's needs; it is also the first program in the country to implement this new "bridge-to-recovery" technology.
		Heart valve -- In anatomy, the heart valves are valves in the heart that maintain the unidirectional flow of blood by opening and closing depending on the difference in pressure on each...
		Heart -- The heart is a hollow, muscular organ in vertebrates that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in annelids, mollusks, and arthropods.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/10/051031122749.htm (1693 words)

	Valve Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center
		Medicines are given to ease the pain of your symptoms, reduce the workload on your heart, and regulate your heart's rhythm.
		Mechanical valves increase the risk of blood clots forming on the new valve.
		Patients with mechanical heart valves will need to take blood-thinning medicines for the rest of their lives.
	texasheart.org /HIC/Topics/Cond/valvedis.cfm (1501 words)

	Mechanical heart pump can reverse heart failure
		This finding sheds new light on the commonly held theory that heart failure is an end-stage disease, with the only option for patients being a heart transplant, say the study researchers.
		An LVAD is a mechanical pump-type device that is surgically implanted to augment the heart’s pumping ability.
		Researchers obtained non-failing human hearts from 15 organ donors whose hearts were unsuitable for transplantation but who had no history of cardiac disease.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2001-08/aha-mhp081401.php (368 words)

	Mechanical Heart Valve, Biological Heart Valve Questions and Answers at Carbomedics
		Most mechanical heart valves are made from a graphite base coated with a biocompatible ceramic-like material.
		Mechanical valves are made from materials such as ceramic-coated graphite, metal, or plastics.
		The potential complications for a mechanical valve include thrombosis, clots that stick to the valve; thromboembolism, clots that escape and travel downstream; endocarditis, an infection of the valve and surrounding tissue; paravalvular leaks, holes that appear outside the flow region of the valve; and internal bleeding caused by excessive anticoagulation.
	www.carbomedics.com /patients_faq.asp?faq=PFMech (1458 words)

	Maryland Heart Center - Heart Transplantation
		By replacing hearts which have ceased to function effectively, the program has given new life -- new energy and new possibilities -- to people whose lives had been restricted by debilitating disease.
		Heart transplantation is just one of a spectrum of treatment options offered for heart patients at the University of Maryland.
		In addition, we are committed to developing promising new approaches to the care of individuals with end-stage heart and lung disease.
	www.umm.edu /heart/transplantation.html (295 words)

	Time for Kids \| News \| Print \| A Mechanical Heart Milestone
		A mechanical heart is working well inside the body of a man in his 50s, doctors at a Kentucky hospital said.
		The heart is made out of titanium (a type of metal) and plastic, is about the size of a grapefruit and weighs about two pounds.
		The artificial heart is designed for patients who have experienced heart failure or heart disease and who have not been able to be treated in other ways.
	www.timeforkids.com /TFK/news/printout/0,9187,166545,00.html (422 words)

	ScienceDaily: Mechanical Heart Pump Can Reverse Heart Failure
		Clot-Buster Keeps Heart Devices Humming (September 17, 2002) -- Injecting a clot-buster unclogged a mechanical heart pump, restoring blood flow, according to a study in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart...
		While-You-Wait Implantable Heart Assist Device Appears Effective (May 28, 2002) -- A new implantable device that gives failing hearts a boost while patients await a heart transplant appears to be reliable and safe, researchers report in Circulation: Journal of the American Heart...
		MGH Research Shows Gene Therapy May Be Able To Reverse Heart Failure (December 7, 1999) -- Researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have for the first time shown that gene therapy may be able to reverse heart failure, one of the major causes of death and disability in...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/08/010821080132.htm (1653 words)

	Journal of the Egyptian Society of CardioThoracic Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Implantation of mechanical heart valves necessitates warfarin treatment with a risk of fetal loss or malformation and a maternal risk of prosthesis thrombosis and peripartum hemorrhage.
		Warfarin crosses the placenta and is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and prematurity.
		Studies on 569 pregnancies in women with mechanical heart valves reported 43 prosthesis thromboses (7.6%), with 14 maternal deaths during pregnancy (2.4%) (22,23,24).
	www.egyptheart.org /jescts/jesctsv11p119.htm (3718 words)

	Mechanical Heart Valve - Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A mechanical (or artificial) heart valve is a device that is used to replace one of a patient’s own damaged or diseased
		Patients are also urged to record the make, model and serial number of their mechanical heart valve in case there are any problems with it in the future.
		The complication rate of mechanical heart valves is about 3 percent a year.
	heart.healthcentersonline.com /heartvalve/artificialheartvalve.cfm (342 words)

	CBC News - CBC News: Heart pump's inventors aim to reduce need for transplants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Surgeons in Montreal have implanted a new type of mechanical heart designed to let people recover their own heart function instead of waiting for a transplant.
		Until now, mechanical hearts were considered temporary devices to help a diseased or damaged heart until a transplant becomes available.
		Implanting the new mechanical heart minimizes damage to the existing heart muscle, which makes it useful for people who have post-operative shock.
	cbc.ca /story/science/national/2005/10/31/heart-pump051031.html?print (280 words)

	Mechanical Heart: HeartMate IP
		HeartMate IP The HeartMate Implantable Pneumatic (IP) LVAS is a heart assist device specifically designed to take over the pumping function of the portion of the heart called the left ventricle.
		Blood is channeled into the assist device by way of an inflow conduit that is attached to the tip of the heart's left ventricle.
		If a patient's activity level increases, requiring more blood flow, this flow change through the natural heart triggers a similar change in flow of the heart assist device.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /divisions/ct/heartassistdevices-heartmateip.html (384 words)

	Mechanical Heart and Lung Support Programs
		UMMC Surgeons Implant Jarvik 2000 Device in Heart Failure Patient
		By temporarily or permanently replacing hearts which have ceased to function effectively, the program has given new life -- new energy and new possibilities -- to people whose lives had been restricted by debilitating heart failure.
		In addition, we are committed to developing promising new approaches to the care of end-stage heart and lung patients.
	www.umm.edu /heart/mcsd_pro.html?source=google (317 words)

	Transplant Research at the Texas Heart Institute
		We study the basic mechanisms involved in how and why congestive heart failure develops in individuals and the potential medical and surgical therapies for patients who are already burdened with congestive heart failure.
		Heart failure patients currently in the intensive care unit may qualify for this study.
		We published a report on the significance of QTc interval and BNP as prognostic indicators in congestive heart failure, which is being incorporated into new American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the treatment of heart failure.
	texasheart.org /Research/transplant_research.cfm (2183 words)

	INTEGRIS Heart Hospital - Treating - Artificial Heart/LVAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Advances in medical technology have made mechanical heart devices available to support the pumping action of failing hearts in patients.
		When the heart is weakened from disease and can no longer pump effectively on it own, a mechanical device, called a ventricular assist device, or VAD, may be a treatment option.
		Since left-sided heart failure is more common heart ailment, the surgery for a Left Ventricular Assist Device or LVAD is a more common procedure than the surgery for the Right Ventricular Assist Device, or RVAD, a treatment option for right-sided heart failure.
	www.integrisheart.com /heart/treating/artificialHeartLVAD.aspx (445 words)

	FDA Approves Mechanical Heart for Dying Patients
		Heart patients who do not qualify for a transplant and are not expected to survive longer than a month now have the possibility of extending their lives with an implantable artificial heart.
		Only about 25 to 50 heart failure patients per year are expected to meet the eligibility requirements for the artificial heart, according to the FDA.
		The two-pound titanium and plastic heart can only be implanted in people who are at least 6 feet tall and weigh at least 170 pounds, eliminating most female patients from consideration.
	health.dailynewscentral.com /content/view/0002411/53 (656 words)

	USATODAY.com - Patient gets first self-contained mechanical heart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The others are the Texas Heart Institute in Houston; Brigham and Women's Hospital teamed with Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston; Hahnemann Medical Center in Philadelphia; and UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles.
		There have been earlier versions of the artificial heart, including the Jarvik 7 model, implanted in the 1980s in Utah and Louisville by William DeVries, and mechanical assist devices that are used routinely to help sick hearts recover and as a "bridge" to a transplant.
		Abiomed has estimated that if the heart is effective, it eventually could be used on as many as 125,000 people a year.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2001-07-03-heart.htm (869 words)

	WFTV.com - Health - Mechanical Heart For Kids
		Heart transplantation involves completely replacing a heart with a new one from a donor.
		It's the only mechanical heart that can be built small enough for very young children.
		Although it is widely used in Europe, the Berlin Heart is not approved by the FDA in the United States, and it is difficult to get permission to import and use the device.
	www.wftv.com /health/5241460/detail.html (426 words)

	Heart Info - Mechanical Heart Pumps Extend Survival
		LVADs are implanted into the abdomen and attached to the left ventricle, then connected to an external controller and power supply worn outside the body.
		The devices are used when medications aren't able to strengthen the heart's pumping ability.
		As reported Monday at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2005 in Dallas, researchers at Duke University assessed the Novacor LVAD in 55 end-stage heart-failure patients.
	www.heartinfo.org /ms/news/529094/main.html (427 words)

	Jewish Hospital - Cardiology and Mechanical Heart Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1998, the Heart and Lung Institute and the Jewish Hospital Foundation supported university pre-clinical research at unprecedented levels.
		Roberto Bolli, MD holds the Jewish Hospital Heart and Lung Institute Endowed Chair in Cardiology at the University of Louis belle, and is an internationally recognized leader in cardiac research.
		Ischemic preconditioning is the phenomenon whereby a brief episode of myocardial ishemia (deprivation of oxygen to the heart muscle) renders the heart more able to withstand subsequent, more severe ischemic attacks.
	www.jhhs.org /heartlung/annualreport1998/cardiology.html (718 words)

	Heart Transplants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		There were 2,016 heart transplants performed in the United States in 2004 and 2,057 in...
		In the two decades since the performance of the first human heart transplant in December 1967, the...
		About 80% of heart transplants are alive 2 years after the operation...
	www.copernicaninversion.com /heart-transplants.html (175 words)

	The Heart Valve Bank - Artificial Valves
		There are several options available to patients undergoing heart valve surgery.
		Mechanical valves are recognized for their exceptional durability, but require life-long anticoagulation medication.
		The Heart Valve Bank sponsors mechanical heart valves and annuloplasty rings.
	heartvalvebank.info /HVB_valves.php (333 words)

	Experience with enoxaparin in patients with mechanical heart valves who must withhold acenocumarol -- Ferreira et al. ...
		Experience with enoxaparin in patients with mechanical heart valves who must withhold acenocumarol -- Ferreira et al.
		A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee on management of patients with valvular heart disease).
		Antithrombotic therapy in patients with mechanical and biological prosthetic heart valves.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/5/527 (2395 words)

	Cardiac pump can extend life in end-stage heart failure
		, Nov. 14 – Heart pumps can significantly extend the lives of end-stage heart failure patients who are not candidates for heart transplants, researchers reported at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2005.
		The researchers studied the patients for the remainder of their lives. They found that those with end-stage heart failure who were treated with only medications had a remarkably poor prognosis.
		Researchers said this study provides additional support for the notion that mechanical heart technologies can extend life. The findings also point out the real challenges that doctors and their heart failure patients face.
	www.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=3035170 (291 words)

	Twenty year comparison of a Bjork-Shiley mechanical heart valve with porcine bioprostheses -- Oxenham et al. 89 (7): ...
		Optimal oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with mechanical heart valves.
		A comparison of outcomes in men 11 years after heart valve replacement with a mechanical valve or bioprosthesis.
		Heart, August 1, 2005; 91(8): 1023 - 1029.
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/89/7/715 (3724 words)

	Artificial Heart Valves
		Artificial heart valves are used to replace damaged or diseased heart valves that can't be repaired.
		Operations to restore the function of heart valves have become common.
		People with artificial heart valves are at higher risk for developing an infection of the valve (endocarditis).
	local.americanheart.org /presenter.jhtml?identifier=11221 (182 words)

	Kantrowitz, Adrian - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He devised (with Alan Lerrick) a plastic heart valve (1954), a heart-lung machine (1958), an internal pacemaker (1961-62), and (with Tetsuzo Akutsu) an auxiliary left ventricle (1964).
		In 1966 he performed the first implantation of a partial mechanical heart in a human, and on Dec. 6, 1967, the second human cardiac transplant.
		Taking heart; Detroit doc's device may help stave off heart failure.(News)(left ventricular assist devices)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/K/Kantrowi.asp (223 words)

	Medtronic - Employee personally requests a Medtronic mechanical heart valve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An echogram revealed the problem: advanced bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart muscle) caused by a congenitally defective valve.
		The prescribed treatment was replacement of his aortic heart valve with a mechanical valve.
		Ironically, the very facility that manufactured Medtronic Hall™ mechanical valves in India also employed Bankim Mehta as its Director of Operations.
	www.medtronic.com /cardiac/heartvalves/mehta.html (264 words)

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