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	Mechanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, a mechanism is part of a chain of causes leading to some object or process.
		In mechanics a mechanism is a piece of machinery, a "device" or even an "idea".
		In science a mechanism is a physical or chemical process involved in a natural phenomenon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mechanism (137 words)

	Mechanism (philosophy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Universal mechanism held that the universe is best understood as a completely mechanical system--that is, a system composed entirely of matter in motion under a complete and regular system of laws of nature.
		What is less frequently appreciated is that René Descartes, who is today remembered mainly as a paradigmatic enemy of materialism and mechanism (and in that respect quite the opposite of Hobbes), also did much to advance the mechanistic understanding of nature, in both his scientific works on mechanics and in his philosophical works on metaphysics.
		Anti-mechanists argue that anthropic mechanism is incompatible with our commonsense intuitions: in philosophy of mind they argue that unconscious matter cannot completely explain the phenomenon of consciousness, and in metaphysics they argue that anthropic mechanism implies determinism about human action, which (they argue) is incompatible with our understanding of ourselves as creatures with free will.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mechanism_(philosophy) (1291 words)

	AllRefer.com - mechanism (Philosophy, Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		mechanism, philosophical theory about the nature of organic systems, holding that organisms are machines in the sense that they are material systems.
		Mechanism seeks to explain biological processes, including behavior, within the framework of classical physics and chemistry.
		The mechanistic approach has caused great controversy and is considered by its opponents, including vitalists (who contend that living organisms must be explained in terms of a mysterious self-determining principle rather than in physical or chemical terms) as inadequate and oversimplified.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/mechanism.html (188 words)

	One of the fecunds and susceptibles aspects of developments of the René Girard thought appears placing, between ...
		With regard to the concept of "philosophy of religion" itself we are in a state of serious indecision, and it is therefore necessary to attempt to assume a point of view, on one hand is as general as possible and on the other considers the Girardian perspective within which we are working.
		Philosophy first denounces the persistence of religion and intensifies the declarations of war towards it; later it tastes the effects of sacrifice and then preaches generosity; when at last religion proves to be too weak to still play the role of the skulking enemy, philosophy, to keep it alive, discovers sensitivity and Romanticism.
		This philosophy of religion does not bring with itself violence residues because the centre is not "the privileged point of view," but the gathering place of every point of view, i.e., the nothingness of all the points of view.
	www.homestead.com /bibliosophia/files/BUBBIO.htm (4370 words)

	Mechanism (philosophy) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		In (The rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics) philosophy, mechanism is a theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes.
		They are both doctrines of (The philosophical study of being and knowing) metaphysics, but they are different in scope and ambitions: the first is a global doctrine about nature, which has been more or less thoroughly abandoned; the second is a local doctrine about human beings and their minds, which is hotly contested.
		The older doctrine which we have called universal mechanism is a theory about the nature of the universe, closely linked with the early modern version of ((philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality) materialism.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/mechanism_(philosophy).htm (1076 words)

	The Image of a Machine in The Liberation of Life
		Their exposition of the philosophy of the mechanical model of explanation is correspondingly oversimplified and, for this reason, suffers unnecessarily by comparison with their ecological model.
		For a philosophy of mechanism, these building blocks are assumed to be static either in being or structure (or at least to have static essential parts), and it is from such fixed structure that the mechanist seeks to predict the nature of the whole, normally by the laws of mechanics.
		A revised philosophy of mechanism, understood from a contemporary image of a machine, must recognize that a good model is the best vehicle for describing nature, rather than old images of machines, which are not complex enough to represent adequately a reaction of a complex entity with its environment.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2545 (4663 words)

	[No title]
		4.3 Philosophy of Connectionism ------------------------------- 4.3a Connectionism and Compositionality (Fodor/Pylyshyn) -------------------------------------------------------- Fodor, J.A. & Pylyshyn, Z.W. Connectionism and cognitive architecture.
		Dennett, D.C. AI as philosophy and as psychology.
		Philosophy of Science Argues contra Pylyshyn 1984 that finite state automata are good models for cognitive science: they are semantically interpretable and process symbols.
	consc.net /biblio/4.ascii (10457 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mechanism
		As Mechanism professes to furnish a complete system of the world, its extreme partisans apply it to psychical manifestations and even to social phenomena; but here it is at best only tentative and the result very questionable.
		The science of mechanics becomes by a very simple process a particular phase of mathematical analysis, so that the ideal of Mechanism is Mathematism, that is to say, the representation of all phenomena by mathematical equations.
		Mechanism is a cosmological theory which holds that all phenomena in nature are reducible to simple phenomena in such a manner that the ultimate realities of the material world are mass and motion.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10100a.htm (2532 words)

	The Philosophy of Rudolph Hermann Lotze
		He insisted that philosophy be rooted in the natural sciences, because human beings are subject to the same natural laws as inanimate objects.
		Mechanism, according to Lotze, is inadequate for the explanation of life.
		Lotze's philosophy becomes an idealistic pantheism in which the substance of Spinoza and the monads of Leibniz are united.
	radicalacademy.com /philrhlotze.htm (942 words)

	Molecular Biology
		Given the fundamental importance of these macromolecular mechanisms throughout the history of molecular biology, it will be argued that a philosophical focus on the concept of a mechanism generates the clearest picture of molecular biology's history, concepts, and case studies utilized by philosophers of science.
		This mechanism, which produced the phenomena of gene segregation and independent assortment, was discovered, not by decomposing genes into their parts, but by finding the wholes on which the parts were riding.
		Mechanisms of DNA replication and protein synthesis showed remarkable unity in all living things, both in those with organized chromosomes and those without (such as bacteria), in sexually and asexually breeding organisms, and in plants and animals.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/molecular-biology (13054 words)

	Mechanism (philosophy) Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com
		Universal mechanism rose to prominence in European philosophy with the achievements of the Scientific Revolution.
		To be sure, that principle - universal gravitation - was something of a disappointment to the older cadre of materialists, since materialism originally sought to explain all phenomena in terms of the motion and collision of material bodies, whereas Newton's principle of gravitation required action at a distance.
		Universal mechanism has since fallen into disfavor - not because philosophers are less inclined toward a scientific worldview now than they were in the 17th and 18th centuries, but rather because physical science has abandoned the mechanistic worldview.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/m/me/mechanism__philosophy_.html (600 words)

	Interview with René Girard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		And the scapegoat mechanism, in order to be effective, must be une grande chose, in other words people must really project their tensions and aggressions against the victim.
		Therefore the scapegoat mechanism should never be revealed because either people resist it and then there is no scapegoat mechanism, or they succumb to it and then it becomes a unanimous event.
		In Greek tragedy, the scapegoat mechanism is always at the end of the play and is never represented on the stage, and that is part of the difference between tragedy and sacrifice.
	www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /AP0201/interv.htm (7148 words)

	Friedrich Schelling's System of Transcendental Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Thus nature-philosophy and transcendental philosophy have divided into the two directions possible to philosophy, and if all philosophy must go about either to make an intelligence out of nature, or a nature out of intelligence, then transcendental philosophy, which has the latter task, is thus the other necessary basic science of philosophy.
		Transcendental philosophy has to explain how knowledge as such is possible, it being presupposed that the subjective element therein is to be taken as dominant or primary.
		The proper sense by which this type of philosophy must be apprehended is thus the aesthetic sense, and that is why the philosophy of art is the true organon of philosophy (§3).
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/schellin.htm (3801 words)

	Part 4: Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence [522]
		Chalmers, Department of Philosophy, University of California, Santa Cruz CA 95064.
		Lucas, J. Lucas against mechanism II: A rejoinder.
		Dennett, D. AI as philosophy and as psychology.
	www.ags.uni-sb.de /~sorge/sagwas/biblio4.html (8812 words)

	M&D Chapter 1: Themes
		Mechanism and skepticism offer what some view as obvious answers to these concerns, thus placing them in a central position in the history of philosophy.
		Mechanism answers that we are machines and our place is like that of any other machine in the universe.
		Mechanism is often associated with another concept, that of a machine.
	members.cox.net /platos-academy/chapters/MD_1.html (4183 words)

	Chiropractic Philosophy differs dramatically from a Medical Philosophy of health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		This philosophy of health views the body as a one-dimensional, linear machine where the WHOLE equals the SUM of its PARTS.
		The problem with a medical approach to HEALTH is that medicine's philosophy deals with sickness care or crisis care and NOT wellness care or true health care.
		A vitalistic philosophy views the body as a multi-dimensional organism controlled by an internal life-force or energy, where the WHOLE is GREATER than the SUM of its PARTS.
	www.chiropractic4health.com /philosophy.htm (294 words)

	Mechanism - TheBestLinks.com - Mechanics, Science, Machinery, Horology, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Mechanism - TheBestLinks.com - Mechanics, Science, Machinery, Horology,...
		In mechanics a mechanism is a piece of machinery.
		This is a disambiguation page, i.e., a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Mechanism.html (147 words)

	The Philosophy of Fire, by Mike Flores - a Magic: the Gathering Standard / Type II article
		The Philosophy of Fire will do the exact same thing, but instead of trading life for cards from your own deck, it speaks about the relationship of trading cards for your opponent's life.
		The Philosophy of Fire would be in full effect, with Kuroda's deck from Kobe just getting better with the addition of Rorix Bladewing and Starstorm, the Onslaught block version gifted with the best offensive burn spells since Fireblast.
		This doesn't mean that The Philosophy of Fire makes any less sense - because I think that this non-traditional way of looking at the relationships between cards really is one of Adrian's better ideas - just that for my own sake, I have to step away from this particular implementation of the theory.
	www.starcitygames.com /php/news/expandnews.php?Article=7157 (5657 words)

	Untitled Document
		Boas, Marie (1952), The establishment of the mechanical philosophy, Osiris, 10, 412-541
		Ahn, W-k, and Kalish, C. The role of mechanism beliefs in causal reasoning.
		Darden, L., and Craver, C.F.(2002) "Strategies in the Interfield Discovery of the Mechanism of Protein Synthesis," Studies in the History and Philosophy of the Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 33, 1-28.
	mechanism.ucsd.edu /~bill/teaching/mechanism/syllabus.03.htm (718 words)

	Professor:
		The various sciences each have a subject matter—biology, in particular, studies the processes involved in living organisms. Philosophy of biology likewise has a subject matter—biology itself. As a part of philosophy of science, philosophy of biology tries to understand the ways in which biologists produces knowledge.
		Beyond the methods and results of biology proper, philosophy of biology is interested in the relations between biology and other human inquiries.
		Hugh LaFollette and Niall Shanks (1994) Animal Experimentation: the Legacy of Claude Bernard, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science (1994) pp.
	mechanism.ucsd.edu /~bill/teaching/philbiology/syllabus.winter04.htm (774 words)

	Basics of the Unix Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The ‘Unix philosophy’ originated with Ken Thompson's early meditations on how to design a small but capable operating system with a clean service interface.
		More of the Unix philosophy was implied not by what these elders said but by what they did and the example Unix itself set.
		Thus, hardwiring policy and mechanism together has two bad effects: It makes policy rigid and harder to change in response to user requirements, and it means that trying to change policy has a strong tendency to destabilize the mechanisms.
	www.faqs.org /docs/artu/ch01s06.html (4869 words)

	Michael Martin's Vita
		Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Colorado, 1962-1965
		"Philosophy of Science and Science Education," Studies in Philosophy and Education, 7, 1972, pp.
		J.O. Wisdom, Philosophy of the Social Sciences I: A Metascientific Introduction and Philosophy of the Social Sciences II: Schemata, reviewed in Philosophy of Social Sciences, 20, 1990, pp.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/michael_martin/martin-bio.html (2266 words)

	>-- The Garden of Forking Paths --<
		So even if it turns out that the appropriate interpretation of quantum mechanics (for instance) is deterministic, we don't have to give up our view of ourselves as responsible.
		And they spell out what it means for a mechanism to be moderately reasons-responsive in terms of how the mechanism responds at other relevant (though not necessarily accessible) possible worlds.
		I wanted to let everyone know that for the past few weeks Thomas Nadelhoffer (with some help from Adam Feltz and I) has been organizing the 1st Annual On-line Philosophy Conference (OPC)--which will tentatively run from April 14th to 27th (2006) and which will be hosted on the newly created OPC blog.
	gfp.typepad.com (1633 words)

	Philosophy of Mind Bibliography, Part 4: Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		Philosophy of Mind Bibliography, Part 4: Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence
		Part of Contemporary Philosophy of Mind: An Annotated Bibliography
		Compiled by David Chalmers, Philosophy, Australian National University.
	consc.net /biblio/4.html (3554 words)

	The Turing Test
		No mechanism could feel (and not merely artificially signal, an easy contrivance) pleasure at its successes, grief when its valves fuse, be warmed by flattery, be made miserable by its mistakes, be charmed by sex, be angry or depressed when it cannot get what it wants.
		If it is plausible to suppose that we base our attributions on behavioral tests or behavioral criteria, then his claim about the appropriate test to apply in the case of machines seems apt, and his conjecture that digital computing machines might pass the test seems like a reasonable -- though controversial -- empirical conjecture.
		Second, subsequent developments in the philosophy of mind -- and, in particular, the fashioning of functionalist theories of the mind -- have provided a more secure theoretical environment in which to place speculations about the possibility of thinking machines.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/turing-test (12881 words)

	Hobbes
		(1651) is the most complete expression of Hobbes's philosophy.
		Sharon A. Lloyd's article in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
		A section on Hobbes from Alfred Weber's history of philosophy.
	www.philosophypages.com /ph/hobb.htm (381 words)

	John Sutton's Links Page
		theories of memory, the philosophy of memory, memory and self, the cognitive psychology of memory, social
		Andres Vaccari, Ph.D on Descartes' mechanism and the history and philosophy of technology.
		Origins of Western Philosophy (Sydney Uni, 1991); and sections of PHIL 246 Philosophy of Religion (1993); Metaphysics (1992-1994);
	www.phil.mq.edu.au /staff/jsutton/links.html (706 words)

	Find in a Library: Outlines of a system of mechanical philosophy being a research into laws of force
		Find in a Library: Outlines of a system of mechanical philosophy being a research into laws of force
		Outlines of a system of mechanical philosophy being a research into laws of force
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/62d84821e25732f3.html (84 words)

	The mechanism of liberation in Madhva Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		It is a basic tenet of Hindu Philosophy that every sentient being consists of 2 parts: material and spiritual.
		What is the mechanism of this liberation and how are we to achieve this?
		This brief description of the mechanism of liberation may appear for some to be fanciful, but, it must not be forgotten that here we are dealing with a subject matter which the finite mind can hardly comprehend.
	www.salagram.net /death3.html (1572 words)

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