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Topic: Meconium

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	Meconium Aspiration
		Meconium is the baby's first feces, or poop, which is sticky, thick, and dark green and is typically passed in the womb during early pregnancy and again in the first few days after birth.
		Meconium can be inhaled into the lungs when the baby gasps while still in the womb or during the initial gasping breaths after delivery.
		Of the babies who either pass meconium during birth or are delivered having meconium-stained fluid, 2% to 36% either inhale the meconium in utero (while still in the uterus) or with the first breath.
	kidshealth.org /parent/medical/lungs/meconium.html (1659 words)

	Meconium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Meconium (sometimes erroneously spelled merconium) is the first stool of an infant, composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water.
		Meconium is normally stored in the infant's intestines until after birth, but sometimes it is expelled into the amniotic fluid prior to birth or during labor and delivery.
		Meconium ileus is often the first symptom of cystic fibrosis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meconium (194 words)

	Meconium aspiration syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Meconium is the first stool of an infant, composed of materials ingested during the time the infant spends in the uterus: intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, aminotic fluid, bile, and water.
		Meconium is normally stored in the infant's intestines until after birth, but sometimes (often in response to fetal distress) it is expelled into the amniotic fluid prior to birth, or during labor.
		When meconium staining of the amniotic fluid is present and the baby is born depressed, a pediatrician will often use a laryngoscope and attempt to suction meconium from below the vocal cords.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meconium_aspiration_syndrome (519 words)

	"Meconium in the waters"
		If meconium is thin (ie well diluted by amniotic fluid) and baby's heart rate is good then it would be rare for the baby to suffer from meconium aspiration syndrome, and if it did then it would almost certainly only have it mildly.
		Catriona's fourth baby had meconium in his waters, but as the bag of waters only broke at the end of labour, it was too late for this to be an issue.
		Tric saw meconium when her waters went in the birth pool, but her midwife was not worried because the baby's birth was imminent, and baby Caoimhe was fine.
	www.homebirth.org.uk /meconium.htm (2349 words)

	Terminal Meconium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meconium is the normal fl, tarry stool that babies have for the first couple of days after birth.
		Theoretically, the longer meconium is present in the amniotic fluid, the greater the risk of aspirating it.
		It is possible that the passing of the meconium was due to the wrapped cord.
	www.ivillage.co.uk /print/0,,158310,00.html (622 words)

	Meconium aspiration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid with possibility of aspiration occurs in approximately 5% to 10% of births.
		The condition is serious: meconium aspiration is a leading cause of severe illness and death in the newborn.
		Meconium itself is thick, sticky and greenish-fl in color and may be seen in the amniotic fluid after 34 weeks gestation.
	www.shands.org /health/information/article/001596.htm (860 words)

	Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
		Meconium is composed of lanugo, vernix, bile salts, enzymes, water, among other things and ranges from thin and watery to thick and tenacious.
		The incidence of meconium stained amniotic fluid decreases with increasing gestational age.
		In the delivery rooming setting during intubation and suctioning for meconium, suction is applied only as the ET tube is withdrawn and should be limited to 20 seconds.
	www.capefearvalley.com /outreach/outreach/quizzes/meconiumaspirationsyndrometest.asp (518 words)

	Centegra Health System - Meconium Aspiration
		When the thick meconium mixes into the amniotic fluid, it is swallowed and breathed into the airways of the fetus.
		Meconium is passed into the amniotic fluid in about 5 to 15 percent of births.
		The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid is key to the diagnosis.
	www.centegra.org /Content.asp?PageID=P02384 (496 words)

	All-Net \| meconium aspiration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a common problem faced by pediatricians and obstetricians.
		Meconium is a sterile admixture of numerous chemicals, including mucous glycoprotiens, swallowed vernix caseosa, gastrointestinal secretions, bile, pancreatic and liver enzymes, plasma proteins, minerals, and lipids.
		Meconium aspiration syndrome is a heterongeneous disease in its manifestations and in its treatment approaches.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /all-net/english/pulmpage/neon/mecasp.html (1199 words)

	Treatment for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Questi - Health and Medical Information produced by doctors - MedicineNet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The standard therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome is flooding the amniotic cavity with saline, called amnioinfusion, to try to wash away the meconium before it can reach the infant's lungs.
		Fraser's group found that moderate/severe meconium aspiration syndrome or infant death occurred in 44 infants of women in the amnioinfusion group, and in 35 infants of women in the standard care group.
		It is very likely that infants have aspirated meconium before the condition is recognized, and that is part of the reason that amnioinfusion doesn't work, said Dr. Michael Ross, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology and public health at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53232 (821 words)

	ARS - Equine - Article - ARS - Equine - Article - ARS - Equine - Article - Meconium
		Meconium is the term used to describe the first feces or stool produced by a newborn foal.
		Meconium is comprised of digested amnionic fluid, gastrointestinal secretions, bile, and cellular debris that accumulate in the intestinal tract of the late-term fetus.
		In a retrospective study of 41 cases of refractory meconium impactions treated with acetylcysteine, the average time to resolution was 11 ± 16 hours (range 1 to 96 hours) and an average of 1.5 enemas were used (range 1 to 3).
	www.arssales.com /equine/html/meconium.html (1637 words)

	Steroid therapy for meconium aspiration syndrome in newborn infants
		Meconium is a viscous green substance found in the fetal gastrointestinal tract from approximately the 10th week of gestation.
		Meconium aspiration syndrome is defined as respiratory distress associated with the passage of meconium around the time of birth, with characteristic radiological changes and without an alternative etiology for the respiratory symptoms.
		In a randomised controlled trial of cortisol in a rabbit model of meconium aspiration syndrome, a slight decrease in both respiratory rate and the severity of pulmonary histopathological changes was seen in the cortisol treated rabbits, but there was also increased mortality in the treatment group (Frantz 1975).
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/ward/ward.HTM (3279 words)

	TheFetus.net - Meconium peritonitis -Val Catanzarite, MD, PhD, Paul Wozniak, MD, Cynthia S. Maida, RDMS, James T. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)*
		Meconium pseudocyst has a rather characteristic appearance on ultrasound but may be confused with other intra-abdominal cysts and tumors.
		Meconium pseudocyst results when the meconium, rather than distributing throughout the peritoneal cavity, persists in a localized collection and is walled off; calcification of the cyst often occurs.
		Neuhauser EBD: The roentgen diagnosis of fetal meconium peritonitis.
	www.thefetus.net /page.php?id=252 (1806 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Meconium
		The contents of the foetal intestine, meconium is a sterile admixture of numerous chemicals, including mucous glycoprotiens, swallowed vernix caseosa, gastrointestinal secretions, bile, pancreatic and liver enzymes, plasma proteins, minerals, and lipids.
		Meconium aspiration syndrome should be suspected in any neonate with a history of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and respiratory distress.
		May ameliorate respiratory distress, acidosis, and the incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome or it may increase incidence of foetal heart rate abnormalities and increased incidence of Caesarean deliveries and operative vaginal deliveries.
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/labor_complications/birth_meconium.html (511 words)

	Dov Apfel -- What is the significance of Meconium in the Amniotic Fluid? -- Cerebral Palsy, Birth Injury, Lawyer, ...
		It is believed by some medical experts that the passage of meconium is triggered by fetal stress, such as hypoxia or asphyxia, and that the presence of meconium in the fluid may be considered an indicator of fetal distress.
		Thus, the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid is only one factor to be considered along with many other variables and clinical markers that may help to explain the etiology and timing of irreversible brain damage.
		It is reasonable to assume that the passage of meconium, in the presence of a nonreassuring, or a particularly ominous FHR pattern, is a sign of fetal distress.
	www.birthinjuryinfo.com /bimeconium.html (752 words)

	Meconium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meconium is the bowel contents of the fetus which has stained the amniotic fluid.
		If the meconium is old or dilute it is seldom significant but if it is thick or undiluted then it is often passed in response to hypoxia and then perinatal death is increased four-fold (1).
		A breech positioned baby may well lead to the observation of thick undiluted meconium but if the baby is cephalic oligohydramnios may be the cause and if the Cardiotocography (CTG) trace is suspicious the baby should be delivered (2)(3).
	www.fetal.freeserve.co.uk /meconium.html (170 words)

	Meconium
		To help the foal pass the meconium, a single enema or multiple enemas can be administered to help soften and lubricate the feces and/or gastrointestinal tract to make passing the meconium easier.
		If however, there is no meconium, then there might be other problems that previously were mentioned, such as a ruptured bladder, atresia coli, or a meconium impaction that is farther back in the gastrointestinal tract (large colon).
		The problem with meconium impactions is that they can produce enough pain to keep the foal from nursing properly; the foal then can become dehydrated and might not consume enough colostrum.
	www.wescofarms.com /Meconium.html (1771 words)

	Meconium Aspiration - DrGreene.com
		If a baby passes a meconium stool before birth, the amniotic fluid is stained and the baby is covered with meconium (reminiscent of the mess dads can make changing diapers).
		The sterile meconium does not predispose to urinary tract infections, but meconium can cause significant problems if it is inhaled into the lungs.
		Meconium aspiration is first treated by trying to remove as much of the meconium as possible.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1138.html (779 words)

	Treatment Options for Meconium Aspiration Syndrome Shrink by One - CME Teaching Brief - MedPage Today
		In a study of nearly 2,000 women in labor whose infants were at-risk, prophylactic amnioinfusion did not reduce the rate of meconium aspiration syndrome or perinatal death, reported William D. Fraser, M.D., of the University of Montreal and colleagues in the Sept. 1 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
		Meconium aspiration syndrome, in which the infant inhales this material, resulting in airway obstruction, occurs in about 2% to nearly 38% of infants who pass meconium during labor.
		The researchers' conclusion that amnioinfusion should not be recommended for preventing meconium aspiration syndrome is particularly bad news in light of recent evidence that another mainstay of therapy -- suctioning the airways of newly born infants -- is also of little use, said Michael G. Ross, M.D., M.P.H., of UCLA in an editorial.
	www.medpagetoday.com /OBGYN/Pregnancy/tb/1645 (523 words)

	Meconium \| Pregnancy Weekly
		Meconium is the tarry, greenish-fl substance that gradually fills a baby's intestines during the time in the uterus.
		The passing of meconium is a sign that the baby's bowels are unobstructed and functioning properly.
		By itself meconium staining is not a sure sign of fetal distress but because it does suggest the possibility, you will want to report this your doctor immediately.
	www.pregnancyweekly.com /pregnancy_information/meconium.htm (390 words)

	Surfactant for meconium aspiration syndrome in full term infants
		Meconium inhibits the surface tension lowering properties of surfactant (Chen 1985, Moses 1991).
		Instillation of meconium into the airways of term animals leads to acute mechanical obstruction and worsening pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange (Chen 1985; Tran 1980; Tyler 1978).
		A number of investigators have attempted to treat meconium aspiration syndrome with diluted surfactant solutions used as a lavage to wash residual meconium from the airway (Ibara 1995; Ogawa 1996; Lam 1999).
	www.nichd.nih.gov /cochrane/soll9/soll.htm (2281 words)

	meconium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meconium (muh-CO-nee-um) is the thick, sticky, tarry appearing fetal stool that is passed in the several days after birth (and sometimes before birth).
		Passage of meconium is facilitated by the ingestion of mother's colostrum.
		If, however, the baby is in great distress, not only will he pass meconium, but he may have deep gasping respiratory movements and pull the meconium down deep into the bronchial tubes of the lungs (meconium aspiration syndrome).
	www.drhull.com /EncyMaster/M/meconium.html (149 words)

	Meconium
		Meconium is composed of amniotic fluid, mucous, lanugo (the fine hair that covers the baby's body), bile, and cells that have been shed from the skin and the intestinal tract.
		Once the meconium is passed into the amniotic fluid, it is possible for the baby to breathe the meconium into his lungs.
		If meconium is detected in the amniotic fluid when the mother's water breaks, special precautions are taken to clear the fluid from the baby's stomach and lungs.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/002262.htm (468 words)

	Meconium aspiration (inhalation)
		Meconium is the first feces (stool) of the newborn.
		Aspiration means the newborn inhales a mixture of the meconium and amniotic fluid, either in the uterus or just after delivery.
		At birth, meconium is visible in the amniotic fluid.
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/001596.htm (859 words)

	Meconium Aspiration is defined as
		The amount of meconium passed in utero affects the appearance and viscosity of the amniotic fluid
		Chronic over-time exposure to meconium, as opposed to an acute single-time exposure, may result in more severe outcomes for the infant
		Meconium aspiration in utero continues to represent a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality
	www.capefearvalley.com /outreach/outreach/PeaPods/MeconiumAspirationSyndrome/EtiologyRisks.htm (260 words)

	Meconium Retention
		Meconium retention occurs when the foal fails to pass the meconium and begins to experience abdominal pain.
		Sometimes meconium continues to be retained in the upper part of the large intestine and is not readily relieved with enemas.
		Meconium may be seen as fecal material in the large colon, small colon and rectum.
	www.petplace.com /horses/meconium-retention/page1.aspx (945 words)

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