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Topic: Medal of Freedom

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	Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients Most Frequently Asked Questions
		Kennedy broadened the medal's scope to its present standard: for "especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interest of the United States, World Peace or cultural or other significant public or private endeavors"--and announced the first 31 recipients on July 4, 1963.
		But the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal, awarded to civilians by Congress, continue to hold their position as the new plus ultra of civilian honors.
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is in the form of a golden star with white enamel, with a red enamel pentagon behind it; the central disc bears thirteen white enamel star on a blue enamel background (taken from the crest of the U.S. coat-of-arms) within a golden ring.
	www.medaloffreedom.com /FAQ.htm (1092 words)

	Presidential Medal of Freedom - The Highest Civilian Award For Distinguished Americans and Humanitarians from every ...
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award that is given in the United States.
		Recipients of the medal are those who have made outstanding contributions to the security or national interest of the United States or to world peace, or those who have made a significant public or private accomplishment.
		In 1963 President John F. Kennedy ordered the former Medal of Freedom renamed and the recommending board altered by adding five members from outside the executive branch of the government to the five members from within it.
	www.medaloffreedom.com (1632 words)

	96 receive medal of freedom - JAMAICAOBSERVER.COM
		The Prime Minister's Medal of Appreciation was instituted in 1983 as a commemorative medal and was first awarded on the 25th anniversary of Jamaica's independence in 1962.
		The medal may be awarded to any person, group of persons, or agency, that the Prime Minister deems to have made a significant contribution to the economic, social, cultural or political development of Jamaica; or to Jamaicans residing abroad.
		Medals were awarded to those making significant contributions in the fields of culture; communications and culture; religion; community services and development; public service; public service in education; public service in health and nursing; and for disaster preparedness.
	www.jamaicaobserver.com /news/html/20030801T210000-0500_47067_OBS_____RECEIVE_MEDAL_OF_FREEDOM.asp (338 words)

	Defense of Freedom - The United States of America Defense of Freedom Medal Created for September 11, 2001 Heroes of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The medal itself consists of a golden circle framing a bald eagle holding a shield which exemplifies the principles of freedom and the defense of those freedoms upon which our nation is founded.
		The reverse of the medal is inscribed with "On Behalf of a Grateful Nation" with a space for the recipient's name to be inscribed.
		The medal is suspended from a ribbon of four red stripes, four white stripes and one big blue stripe.
	www.defenseoffreedom.com (2595 words)

	Presidential Medal of Freedom - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Presidential Medal of Freedom, medal awarded annually by the president of the United States to individuals selected by him or recommended to him by...
		Originally called the Medal of Freedom, it was first awarded in 1945.
		Galbraith, John Kenneth: Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2000
	encarta.msn.com /Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom.html (159 words)

	The Medal of Freedom
		Farmer, a native of Marshall, is the founder of CORE - the Congress of Racial Equality - which was responsible for the Freedom Rides in the summer of 1961.
		The Medal of Freedom was be awarded to Farmer and the others on the birthday of Martin Luther King.
		The executive order creating it says the Medal of Freedom is designed for persons the president deems to have made especially meritorious contributions to the security of national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public and private endeavors.
	www.cets.sfasu.edu /Harrison/Farmer/medal.htm (965 words)

	Conquest receives Medal of Freedom
		Robert Conquest, a renowned historian of Soviet politics and foreign policy, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President George Bush during a Nov. 9 ceremony at the White House.
		Conquest, a research fellow at the Hoover Institution, was one of 14 recipients of the medal, the nation's highest civil award.
		Established in 1963, the Medal of Freedom may be awarded by the president "to any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, or world peace, or cultural or other significant public or private endeavors."
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2005/november30/conquest-113005.html (179 words)

	House Committee on Veterans' Affairs (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-3.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		President Truman established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1945 to recognize notable service during war.
		In 1963, President Kennedy reinstated the Medal to honor the achievements of civilians during peacetime.
		The Medal of Freedom may be awarded to any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution to (1) the security or national interest of the United States, (2) world peace, or (3) other significant public or private endeavors.
	veterans.house.gov.cob-web.org:8888 /benefits/gi60th/medfreedom.html (181 words)

	Presidential Medals of what?!? - Silver Chips Online
		Bush’s conferral of Medal of Freedom to Tenet, Bremer and Franks is disgraceful
		Bush' conferral of the Presidential Medal of Freedom to recipients as unlikely as Bremer, Tenet, and Franks did a great dishonor to the noble historical figures to whom the medal has previously been awarded.
		Two of the three Medal of Freedom winners were government servants who deserved to be sacked for their miscalculations and incompetence but were not.
	silverchips.mbhs.edu /inside.php?sid=4616 (953 words)

	US Medal of Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The highest civilian decoration of the United States is the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
		This award was established as the Medal of Freedom by President Harry S. Truman on 6th July 1945.
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is awarded to individuals who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.
	www.64-baker-street.org /honours/hon_us_medal_freedom.html (509 words)

	Buying silence: Bush awards Medal of Freedom to key figures in Iraq debacle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		President Bush’s awarding of the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Tuesday to three of the chief architects and executors of the Iraq war is an affront to the concept of freedom of Orwellian proportions.
		The Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian honor bestowed in the name of the American people.
		If and when those responsible for the atrocity unfolding in Iraq are brought to justice, the latest Medal of Freedom recipients, and the man who bestowed them, will find themselves reunited in the dock of a war crimes tribunal, where they belong.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2004/dec2004/mofr-d16.shtml (1067 words)

	Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient George John Tenet, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from July 11, ...
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the Nation's highest civil award.
		It is awarded by the President of the United States to persons who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.
		President George W. Bush presents former CIA Director George Tenet, Tuesday, Dec. 14, 2004, with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in the East Room of the White House.
	www.medaloffreedom.com /GeorgeTenet.htm (2694 words)

	Medal of Freedom Recipients - America's Debate
		Bush’s choices for the highest civilian honor in the country, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, are George “Slam Dunk” Tenet, Paul (abolish the Iraqi Defense Ministry) Bremer and General Tommy Franks.
		While the Medal was initiated by President Truman to honor meritorious service by civilians during the war, the Medal was reidentified as “an honor for distinguished civilian service in peacetime” by John F. Kennedy when he reinstated it in 1963.
		It mocks what the Presidential Medal of Freedom represents only if you believe that it is not intended for officials who are loyal to a fault to the President and are getting compensated for falling on their swords for him.
	www.americasdebate.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=8786 (1481 words)

	Medal of Freedom for key figures in Iraq war / President lauds 3 'who have played pivotal roles in great events'
		(12-15) 04:00 PDT Washington -- President Bush bestowed the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Tuesday on three of the central architects and executors of the war in Iraq, one of the president's strongest efforts yet at putting a formal stamp of success on a war whose outcome is still a question.
		The recipients were Gen. Tommy Franks, the overall commander of the invasion of Iraq; Paul Bremer, the chief civilian administrator of the U.S. occupation of the country; and George Tenet, the longtime director of central intelligence, who built the case for going to war.
		Each of the medal recipients made crucial decisions in events that were driven by murky intelligence, a sharp internal debate over how large a force was needed to fight the war and the unanticipated rise of an insurgency that war planners had expected would be wiped out long ago.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/12/15/MNGUMAC6LH1.DTL (672 words)

	Presidential Medal of Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Image:PresMedalFreedom.jpg The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest civilian award in the United States.
		Unlike many other US awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom can be awarded to non-US citizens; the first such recipient was a Canadian spymaster, Sir William Stephenson.
		Badge of the medal The Badge of the Presidential Medal of Freedom is in the form of a golden star with white enamel, with a red enamel pentagon behind it; the central disc bears thirteen white enamel star on a blue enamel background (taken from the crest of the U.S. coat-of-arms) within a golden ring.
	presidential-medal-of-freedom.iqnaut.net (448 words)

	Medal of Freedom? - Mises Institute
		Instead, we have the freedom to choose whether to try to fulfill our desires, however they might be created.
		The freedom of the American founders is quite different, mainly backed by a different idea of human nature.
		It is not surprising, then, that he receives the medal of freedom from President Bill Clinton, someone who has done nothing at all to further freedom in this truly American sense.
	www.mises.org /fullstory.asp?control=489&FS=MedalofFreedom (894 words)

	William J. Clinton Foundation "Speech by President at Medal of Freedom Awards Ceremony"
		President Kennedy elevated the medals to honor contributions by citizens to all aspects of American life.
		We are honoring renewed faith in the freedom that has brought this nation this far, and the freedom that will sustain us into the next century.
		Now it my great honor and privilege to present to each of you the Presidential Medal of Freedom with great respect for your work, your dedication, the example you have set for all your fellow Americans.
	www.clintonfoundation.org /legacy/090996-speech-by-president-at-medal-of-freedom-awards-ceremony.htm (1691 words)

	[No title]
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the highest honor given to civilians in the United States.
		For our children, especially now when so many of their lives have been darkened by violence and irresponsible or absent role models, the robbers of innocence, of poverty and drug abuse and gang life, the excesses of our modern commercial media culture and other forces that are undermining the fabric of good lives.
		Let me close, before we hear from the official citation and present the medals, by saying that I think that all the people who are here, were they to speak, would tell you that they did not come here alone.
	clinton6.nara.gov /1995/09/1995-09-29-president-remarks-in-medal-of-freedom-presentation.html (3866 words)

	Admiral William J. Crowe receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		President Clinton awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Nation's highest civilian honor, to Admiral William J. Crowe Jr., USN (Ret.); one of 15 distinguished individuals. The White House ceremony took place today, August 9, 2000.
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is America's highest civilian award and, among all American honors, it ranks second to only the Congressional Medal of Honor—the nation's highest military award.
		This great honor is reserved for individuals the President deems to have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.
	www.usna.com /whatsnew/2000/MedalofFreedom/MedalofFreedom.htm (204 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > In Iraq -- Bush awards medal of freedom to three men key to his Iraq policy
		President Bush stands with the Presidential Medal of Freedom honorees, former CIA Director George Tenet, left, retired Gen. Tommy Franks, who oversaw combat in Afghanistan and Iraq, center, and former Iraq administrator L. Paul Bremer.
		WASHINGTON – President Bush awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Tuesday to three figures who were central to his Iraq policy, former CIA Director George Tenet, former Iraq administrator L. Paul Bremer and retired Gen. Tommy Franks.
		President Bush awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom to three figures who were central to his Iraq policy, former CIA Director George Tenet, former Iraq administrator L. Paul Bremer and retired Gen. Tommy Franks.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/iraq/20041214-1157-bush-medaloffreedom.html (680 words)

	President Presents Medal of Freedom
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is our nation's highest civil award given to men and women of exceptional merit, integrity and achievement.
		To the lists of medals and honors and awards you have already earned, I am proud to add the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
		Now it is my honor to present the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and I ask the Military Aide to read the citations.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2004/12/20041214-3.html (1570 words)

	Bush Gives Medal of Freedom to 'Pivotal' Iraq Figures (washingtonpost.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom yesterday at the White House were, from left, former CIA director George Tenet, retired Army Gen. Tommy Franks and former Iraq administrator L. Paul Bremer.
		Video: President Bush awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom to three men who were central to his Iraq policy.
		The Medal of Freedom was established by President Harry Truman in 1945 as a way to honor allies who had helped the war effort, and most initial recipients were not American citizens, said Jim Salmon, who tracks the medal's history for a Web site.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A63623-2004Dec14.html (891 words)

	President Honors Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
		Citations for Recipients of the 2005 Presidential Medal of Freedom
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom is America's highest civil award, and is presented for meritorious achievement in public service, in science, the arts, education, athletics, business, and other fields of endeavor.
		All who receive the Medal of Freedom can know that they have a special place in the life of our country, and have earned the respect and affection of the American people.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2005/11/20051109-2.html (2615 words)

	The Political Graveyard: Politicians Who Received the Medal of Freedom
		Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom on September 14, 1964.
		Spingarn Medal in 1978; received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1981.
		Spingarn Medal in 1992, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1994.
	politicalgraveyard.com /special/medal-of-freedom.html (4568 words)

	Executive Order 11085
		The Medal of Freedom is hereby re-established as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances.
		The Presidential Medal of Freedom, hereinafter referred to as the Medal, shall be in two degrees.
		"(c) The principal announcement of awards of the Medal shall normally be made annually, on or about July 4 of each year; but such awards may be made at other times, as the President may deem appropriate.
	www.lib.umich.edu /govdocs/jfkeo/eo/11085.htm (692 words)

	Edward Teller wins Presidential Medal of Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Physicist Edward Teller, a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, is among 11 Americans who will receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom at a White House ceremony July 23.
		The medal is the nation's highest civilian honor.
		Teller, 95, is the fourth Stanford scholar to be awarded a Presidential Medal of Freedom.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2003/july23/teller-723.html (312 words)

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