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Topic: Media imperialism

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Robert McChesney

Manufacturing Consent

Media literacy

Concentration of media ownership

Ben Bagdikian

Mass media

Media

Cultural imperialism

Propaganda model

Media studies

Imperialism

Media in the United States

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	Media imperialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Media Imperialism is a critical theory regarding the perceived effects of globalization on the world's media.
		It is closely tied to the similar theory of cultural imperialism.
		Nations such as Italy and Canada are often accused of possessing an Imperial media structure, based on the fact that much of their media is controlled by one corporation or owner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Media_imperialism (286 words)

	صفحة جديدة 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In this taxonomy of mass media theories, cultural imperialism falls within the category of macroscopic theories in that it attempts to offer a systematic explanation of media's role in the exchange of information between countries and their (i.e., the media) subsequent impact on the indigenous cultures of those countries.
		The growing role of the media in the development of capitalism has drawn increasing attention to the strong relationship between cultural and media imperialism because media play important roles in the reproduction of the capitalist system at both the economic and ideological levels (Salinas and Paldan, 1979).
		The second important theory, that of media imperialism, is somewhat less structural and Marxist in orientation and tends to focus on the imbalance of power and media flows.
	www.uluminsania.net /a108.htm (6901 words)

	Manufacturing Consent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, first published in 1988.
		Presenting an analysis its authors call the "propaganda model", the book argues that since mass media news outlets are now run by large corporations, they are under the same competitive pressures as other corporations.
		The documentary film Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media, directed by Mark Achbar and Peter Wintonick was based in part on Chomsky and Herman's work; the remainder of the film serves as a biography of Chomsky.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manufacturing_Consent (358 words)

	[No title]
		For critical political economists, media imperialism theorists, and antiglobalization activists, the process by which media corporations gain power and untrammeled market forces consolidate their hegemony is hardly a matter for democratic enthusiasm (McChesney and Herman 1997; Schiller 1996).
		Studies of media policies continue to demonstrate that, notwithstanding the strong combined pressures from external actors (global corporations, financial institutions, and international bodies), states ultimately hold the power to pass legislation that affects domestic media industries.
		Nation-based media continue to be important not only for propagandizing state ideals but, contrarily, for expanding the opportunities for citizens to produce and consume information that is relevant to them as members of political and cultural communities as well.
	www.fredonia.edu /department/communication/schwalbe/medglob.htm (3946 words)

	International Mass Media -- A user centered proposal
		If viewers of imported media in developing contexts are affected like the children in the Pigree and Hawkins study, they are gravely at risk of losing their traditional culture to the culture portrayed in the imported media.
		Cultural imperialism is broadly defined as “‘a verifiable process of social influence by which a nation imposes on other countries its set of beliefs, values, knowledge and behavioral norms as well as its overall style of life’ (Beltran, 1078b, p.
		Media efforts must be sustainable by local resources and must not depend upon foreign programming that can lead to cultivation of a foreign world view.
	www.wichert.org /international.htm (8548 words)

	Monthly Review March 2001 Robert W. McChesney
		In media this means the relaxation or elimination of barriers to commercial exploitation of media and to concentrated media ownership.
		As a result, the second-tier media firms in the developing nations tend to have distinctly pro-business political agendas and to support expansion of the global media market, which puts them at odds with large segments of the population in their home countries.
		But ultimately, once capitalist relations have become preeminent, the global corporate media system is politically conservative, because the media giants are significant beneficiaries of the current social structure around the world, and any upheaval in property or social relations—particularly to the extent that it reduces the power of business—is not in their interest.
	www.monthlyreview.org /301rwm.htm (6160 words)

	Media and the Global Village : Myth or Reality? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Molnar stresses how important this is because the uses they put their media to, and the style of their programs is very different from the white mainstream media which surrounds them.
		Localised media in these countries has provided an opportunity for the power of representation to be placed into the hands of the local community.
		Mass media globalisation may seem to be a homogenising force, but it cannot fight against the many varied cultures which inhabit this earth.
	media.ankara.edu.tr /~erdogan/globmit.html (1728 words)

	Imperialism
		Imperialism is the acquisition and maintenance of empires, through direct territorial control or through indirect methods of exerting control on the politics and/or economy of other countries.
		Subjects of imperial and post-imperial governments and those sympathetic to them have often considered imperialism to be an exploitive evil, a view often shared by factions of the citizens of the imperialistic state.
		The term imperialism was a new word in the mid-19th century.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/i/im/imperialism.html (415 words)

	Media imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Media Imperialism is a critical theory regarding the effects of globalization on the world's media.
		The United States corporate media coverage of is seen to limit the freedom of the press.
		Nations as Italy and Canada are often accused possessing an Imperial media structure based on fact that much of their media is by one corporation or owner.
	www.freeglossary.com /Media_imperialism (395 words)

	MEDIA IMPERIALISM
		Media imperialism is at the moment of primary importance to all the states of the developing world.
		Thus the media men in Pakistan should realize their responsibilities and try to discharge their duties to the satisfaction of the people and not to wangle the hypocritical favours of the rulers to secure lucrative advantages for themselves”.
		Pakistan is at the moment in the eye of the storm of this media onslaught.
	www.defencejournal.com /2000/june/imperialism.htm (2730 words)

	National Security and Indian Media Imperialism
		The Indian media bigwigs both in the electronic and print media have gone berserk in projecting the tapes as some extraordinary and unprecedented sensation little realising the immense harm it could cause to national defence preparedness and possible loss of confidence of international investors.
		But what is disturbing is that in the last couple of years, a new phenomenon is emerging- which can best be described as "Indian media imperialism." It has arrogated to itself the powers to set the national agenda from national security to political and economic complexions and policies.
		The western media’s approach which had its agenda on nuclear non proliferation was swallowed "hook, line and sinker" and the Indian media sought to project that India did not require nuclear weapons.
	www.saag.org /papers3/paper214.htm (1029 words)

	DueNow.com - media Essay Papers.
		Media We should acknowledge from the very beginning that media is a business and, like any other business or economic sector, it has a demand and an offer that determines its profitability.
		According to the writer, it is the role of the mass media to keep the general public informed and up to date with current news and events in their community, state, country, and around the world.
		Examples are given to relay the tactics that the military and media both use, often in conflict with one another to be successful in their own goals during war.
	duenow.com /search.php?search=media (684 words)

	American Cultural Imperialism & Media Globalisation
		The 'tabloidization' regarding printed media, and 'infotainment' in television, as Paterson points out, is principally a process of 'dumbening' down news, and putting emphases on news concerning sports and stars etc. which may perhaps have further impact on peoples political perception (or maybe lack of it).
		The critiques of the cultural imperialism thesis mainly point out that an audience will be influenced by their local circumstances giving ground for cultural resistance as Morley points out, but as he also highlights, this should not suggest to us that cultural power does not exist.
		This concern perhaps mainly because of the threat of American cultural imperialism and a consequent loss of diversity, and the possible immense power of position for whom leads this trend because of what seems to be an ability to override governments.
	www.jaxeed.com /uk/imperial.htm (1878 words)

	Thesis Text for Ch. 2
		The focus of media imperialism is the unidirectional flow of power and media from one country into another.
		Cultural imperialism is rooted in the premise that the United States is the center of global economic and communicative power.
		Tomlinson (1991) argued that an inherent problem with the cultural imperialism paradigm is that it is a generic concept which attempts to encompass a broad array of similar phenomena.
	www.msu.edu /user/kahlstep/thesis.htm (13739 words)

	mTheory98: Catherine Woods: TV and Media Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1 The medium of television is a prime example to illustrate the effect of media imperialism.
		The dominance of the U.S. television industry is a global phenomenon, and Canada represents an extreme example of subjection to media imperialism.
		However, it is saturated with U.S. influence and media imperialism.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~soules/mtheory/vol2/woods3.htm (723 words)

	portland imc - alternative media
		Mainstream media is owned by large, multi-national corporations who, by definition, must always be looking out for their bottom line.
		Media companies are no longer working "in the public interest," but as tools for their parent corporations to make money.
		The first meeting of a proposed Alternative Media project for the Willamette Valley of Cascadia will be held on Saturday, March 4th at 10:30 AM at Westminister House.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/topic/alternativemedia (2545 words)

	Broadcasting, Telecommunications, and Mass Media
		Explores popular and scholarly ideas of how the media are used and how they may or may not be influential in the course of normal life.
		Such matters as the media`s effect on gender conditioning, violence, and aggression as they pertain to children and adults are considered.
		Examination of how media act as agents of collective memory and how such memories may be tied to issues of identity, community, and power.
	www.temple.edu /bulletin/ugradbulletin/ucd/ucd_btmm.html (2572 words)

	National Security and the Indian Media: An Analysis
		In this respect the electronic media is more to blame with their attempts to encapsulate complex national security issues into thirty second sound "bites" so says Michael J O’Neill, former President of the American Association of Newspapers Editors.
		In case the media is not receptive to self restraint, the government would be well within its rights to come up with stringent measures.
		The Indian media needs to appreciate that while idealism and extreme forms of liberalism may be permitted in political coverage and analysis, these cannot be applied to national security issues.
	www.saag.org /papers5/paper407.html (1354 words)

	Investigating 'new' Imperialism
		It further reinforces the centrality of media to the struggle and why it is imperative to explore and to expose the mechanics of the ideology of superiority of one society over another.
		Reared in a thick soup of imperial imagery even though it projected a world that no longer existed, it nevertheless incorporated the citizens of the former empire totally, even those like my grandparents who were immigrants, who were, in the space of a single generation, thoroughly Anglicised culturally if not politically.
		Unlike corporate media sites which often are simply re-packaging content that has already made a profit via advertising revenues generated from print or tv, independent media sites rely totally on their readers for income.
	www.williambowles.info (6873 words)

	Media Studies - Malaspina University-College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An introduction to the multi-disciplinary nature of media studies including an exploration of the definitions of society, culture, the self, as well as an historical approach to human communications.
		Ability to think critically about the media networks will be encouraged, especially regarding the following subtopics: gender and the body; sexuality; research; multiculturalism, identity and the nation; globalization; colonialism and imperialism; postmodernism; space and place; protest, resistance and political transformation; and semiotics.
		Communications media are transforming at a pace that can be difficult to comprehend--widespread digitization, networked information systems, and the accelerating convergence of technologies are reshaping our culture.
	www.mala.bc.ca /~soules/MEDIA/Mshome.htm (1445 words)

	[No title]
		In the 1970s Turkey would have been treated as one of the victims of media imperialism, a country which was on the receiving end of television programming and wire service news from Europe and the United States.
		He concludes that because “imperialism is both a description of exploitative relationships between entities and a specific paradigm for the character of associations between or among nation-states,” (p.
		For the purposes of this paper, it may not matter which of the terms we use—media imperialism, globalization or glocalization for each term describes a relationship between a powerful nation or transnational corporation and a less powerful recipient of the output of that country or company.
	www.metu.edu.tr /~kursat/mko-paper-final-version.doc (5854 words)

	American Popular Culture
		It includes links discussing “cultural imperialism,” the domination of other cultures by products of the US culture industry.
		An Agenda of Disdain: Cultural Imperialism and the Western Media View of Afghanistan.
		Covers broad time period and many different examples of the impact of US mass media and pop culture abroad.
	www.wsu.edu /~amerstu/pop/cultimp.html (592 words)

	FROM MEDIA IMPERIALISM TO SEMIOTERRORISM
		But it does seem true, nonetheless, to most Brits with no real memory of the war because, by and large, this is how the war is represented filmically and televisually.
		The attack on the Twin Towers was so obviously scripted by the terrorists for consumption by the international mass media, and the script so obviously borrowed from Hollywood, that it invites Baudrillardian analysis as a kind of semiotic terrorism, or what I will term semio-terrorism.
		And this is so primarily because American media products, especially film and television, dominate the world market in what some have described as media imperialism.
	www.collapsingworld.org /cw_Milner.html (2076 words)

	SERVICES ACCORD MAY FURTHER MEDIA IMPERIALISM
		Geneva 5 Aug (Chakravarthi Raghavan) -- The acquisition of the Hong Kong based Star satellite TV company by Robert Murdoch, the media tycoon and the reactions against it in Asia, bring to the fore some of the old and new issues in this interface involving communication, culture, trade and political sovereignty issues.
		Two recent publications which deal with some of these questions -- in the overall political context of the US attempts to bring in the old old order of transnational laissez faire capitalism under the garb of a New World Order are: "Transnational Communications", (1991) ed.
		But with such attempts at broadcasts, likely to be resorted to by private corporations, thus committing 'piracy' of national 'audio-visual space', countries might begin to look for technical solutions too.
	www.sunsonline.org /trade/areas/communic/08050193.htm (727 words)

	Presentation 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term media encompasses all forms of print and broadcast journalistic forms including television, films, radio, newspapers and magazines.
		Particularly, the ideas of Cultural Imperialism, Press Freedom and Cultural Factors and the English media abroad will be explored, with a subtopic of media imperialism and a discussion of media mogul Rupert Murdoch.
		Next, he will define the types of media in which we will primarily be referring to, television, newspaper and film.
	grove.ufl.edu /~mleslie/pres6.html (1075 words)

	[No title]
		Many scholars agree that the emergence of the newspaper and the novel during the nineteenth century helped to create the cultural conditions that made the modern nation-state possible.
		Yet, according to some scholars, the strength of these empires is questionable and the concept of culture itself is far more complicate d than analytical approaches such as media imperialism might suggest.
		This course will address the role that the electronic media have played in the construction and reconstruction of cultural and national identities during the modern era.
	www.indiana.edu /~cstudies/mjc/culdimsyl.html (706 words)

	Course Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Each paper is worth 10 points, and has no point value if you do not sign up by the deadline, if you duplicate someone else's article or topic, or if the final work is not submitted both to turnitin.com and class by the deadlines.
		media sociology, media barons, liberal-pluralist vs. critical, Latin America, institutional analysis, TV Globo/started when, populism, clientelism, de facto licensing, New Republic; Size, population, etc.
		Also remember to review main points of online readings--especially names of services related to specific countries, facts about media services read online, etc. and remember that anything covered in class is subject to being on the test.
	www.shsu.edu /~rtf_trd/474OutlineF04.html (2318 words)

	Amazon.com: Cultural Imperialism : A Critical Introduction (Parallax: Re-visions of Culture and Society): Books: John ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Cultural Imperialism, John Tomlinson deals with issues ranging from the ideological effects of imported cultural products, to the process of cultural homogenization, to the nature of cultural autonomy.
		He examines a number of related discourses: thedebate about "media imperialism" the discourse of national cultural identity; the critique of multinational capitalism and the critique of cultural modernity.
		His analysis reveals major problems in the way in which the idea of cultural, as distinct from economic or political, imperialism is formulated.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0801842506?v=glance (1030 words)

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