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Topic: Media Ownership in Australia

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	Australia - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Although Australia had become independent in many respects, the British government retained some powers until the Statute of Westminster of 1931 was ratified by Australia in 1942, and the theoretical authority of the British Parliament over individual states was not completely severed until the passing of the Australia Act in 1986.
		Australia is a constitutional monarchy, with Elizabeth II reigning as 'Queen of Australia'.
		Australia is often referred to by economists as the "world's farm", but despite this emphasis on the agriculture sector, in recent years the Australian government has been focusing on the tourism, education and technology markets.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /australia.htm (3631 words)

	Concentration of media ownership - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Concentration of media ownership (also known as media consolidation or media convergence) is a commonly used term among media critics, policy makers, and others to characterize ownership structure of media industries.
		Media ownership is said to be exemplified usually in one or more of the following ways.
		Third, concentration of media ownership often suggest the presence of media conglomerates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership (1020 words)

	Media in Australia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Media in Australia is widely accessible and caters to a wide variety of audiences.
		Ownership of national and the newspapers of each capital city are dominated by two companies, News Corporation, (which was founded in Adelaide) and John Fairfax Holdings.
		Rural and regional media is dominated by Rural Press Limited, with significant holdings in all states and territories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Media_in_Australia (583 words)

	smh.com.au - The Sydney Morning Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Howard Government's push to relax media ownership laws was floundering last night as two independent senators indicated they would vote against the changes unless an amendment to the bill was accepted.
		Australia's media landscape is likely to be dramatically reshaped with the Federal Government on the verge of striking a last-minute deal with independent senators to pass media ownership legislation.
		Australia's democracy is in grave danger and the people of Australia have three months to save it.
	www.smh.com.au /specials/crossmedia (692 words)

	Australia has one of the most concentrated patterns of media ownership, in the western world
		This idea of creating media ‘mates’ is what many analysts blame for the concentrated pattern of media ownership and that "diversity of ownership, was important for the maintenance of democracy" (Marshall and Kingsbury: 1996: p.
		The Political conservatism of the media owner’s was clearly demonstrated when "in early 1995, Kerry Packer challenged the cross media ownership laws and expressed his support for the leader of the opposition John Howard" (Schultz: 1998: p.
		What may conflict with media owners personal or indeed political interests would be their financial interests, "the news media’s desire to profit and maintain independent political role results in a potent brew of commercial and political interests and ambitions" (Schultz: 1998: p.
	www.angelfire.com /ill/digital/media.htm (2101 words)

	MediaChannel.org - ISSUE GUIDES \| Ownership
		In 1983, when Bagdikian published the first edition of "The Media Monopoly," his sobering announcement that media ownership was concentrated in the hands of a mere 50 transnational conglomerates shocked many readers.
		In "Long History, Short Memories: ABC Was Born Out of Fear of Media Consolidation," Jim Naureckas uses the evolution of ABC as a prism to refract the history of media mergers and monopolization, from the golden age of radio to the wired world we live in.
		Speaking to the latest wave of postmodern theory jocks and self-employed digital nomads, media critic Geert Lovink condemns theories of media control as obsolete in the age of social atomization and do-it-yourself media.
	www.mediachannel.org /atissue/sample1 (1174 words)

	Media International Australia >> Back Issues >> No 95 May 2000
		The restrictions on ownership in the Australian broadcasting legislation reflect the recognition that the media industries are more than mere producers of consumer goods and services; instead, the nature of their output gives them a more fundamental influence on society.
		This paper points out, however, that there are divergent views concerning the implications of the new technologies for the structure and ownership of the media, and that it would be premature to remove restrictions on media ownership.
		Media regulation in Europe is examined with respect to the increasing importance of the 'supranational' in the shape of the EU.
	www.uq.edu.au /emsah/mia/issues/miacp95.html (2713 words)

	ausie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The purpose of the legislation is to encourage diversity in the ownership of the most influential forms of the commercial media: the daily press and free-to-air television and radio.
		Australia's ABA is much like the United State FCC, they are able to put restrictions and regulations as they please on the media status.
		Australia's recording in1999 for the economic growth was 4.3%, which happened to be the third year running on strong domestic demand.
	mrdiaz.iweb.bsu.edu /world.html (1048 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Australia [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Australia includes a number of secondary islands the largest of which is Tasmania, which is an Australian State.
		Although Australia had become independent, the British government retained some powers over Australia until the Statute of Westminster in 1931, and the theoretical authority of the British Parliament over individual states was not completely severed until the passing of the Australia Act in 1986.
		The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy: Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of Australia, a role distinct and separate from her position as Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, and is considered to be the head of state, although that term is found nowhere in the Constitution or the law.
	encyclozine.com /Australia (3543 words)

	Modernising Australia's media ownership laws
		The Broadcasting Services (Media Ownership) Amendment Bill 2002 provides the opportunity to update Australia's outdated media ownership regime in a way that encourages greater competition and use of new technologies whilst providing strict safeguards to ensure diversity of opinion and minimum levels of local news and information.
		Current restrictions on foreign and cross-media ownership constrain Australia's media sector within outdated structures, while around the world media businesses are being driven by the imperative of delivering readily adaptable content across multiple platforms.
		Australia's general foreign investment framework will continue to apply to television, radio and newspapers.
	www.dcita.gov.au /Article/0,,0_4-2_4008-4_103841,00.html (497 words)

	Media ownership and control: the next step - 21 September 2002
		Tracing ownership and determining someone's holdings in a company as a percentage is calculated by the multiplication of fractional holdings in the chain of companies having interests.
		Ownership in the Radio Broadcasting markets is very complex with some stations being jointly owned by up to 50 different companies.
		While it is necessary to amend the Act to consider the new forms of media that have emerged in recent years such as subscription television and to account for the convergence of telecommunications, broadcasting and internet, diversity will not be preserved by removing the current restrictions.
	www.newsweekly.com.au /articles/2002sep21_media.html (1346 words)

	Liberty Australia: Dictatorship of Media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Australia has a massive, out-of-control net foreign debt, and 19 per cent of the labour force is seeking full-time employment.
		Most of Australia's highly concentrated, metropolitan newspapers are foreign-controlled, and Sydney's unaccountable senior editors very rarely publish anything about foreign-owned transnational corporations paying little or no taxation on their Australian profits; the extraordinary level of foreign-ownership of corporate Australia (estimated to be about 90 per cent); or supporting protective tariffs for Australian manufacturers.
		Australia's Industry Policy and Asian Immigration Policy are both driven by the profit motive of the foreign corporations and the subversive interests of global finance.
	www.alphalink.com.au /~noelmcd/articles/media.htm (5480 words)

	Media Ownership Regulation in Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The major effect of the laws is to prevent the common ownership of newspapers, television and radio broadcasting licences that serve the same region.
		The justification for the rules is that the effective functioning of a democracy requires a diverse ownership of the daily mass media to ensure that public life be reported in a fair and open manner.
		It has been argued that the media ownership rules in the Broadcasting Services Act should be repealed and that the industry should be treated the same as other areas of the economy ie.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/intguide/sp/media_regulations.htm (5723 words)

	Australia: Media magnates call for scrapping of ownership restrictions
		While much is being said in the Western media about the tightly-controlled character of the news outlets in Yugoslavia, moves are afoot to tighten the stranglehold that two multi-billionaires—Rupert Murdoch and Kerry Packer—already have over the news and information industry in Australia.
		Fairfax's reversal of its previous opposition to the dismantling of the media laws was not unexpected.
		He described the slogan as “false and hypocritical, because in fact it is freedom for the rich to buy and bribe the press, freedom for the rich to befuddle the people with the venomous lies of the bourgeois press”.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/may1999/med-m22.shtml (1050 words)

	More not less diversity from media ownership reforms
		The combination of stronger incumbent media organisations operating under relaxed cross media rules and the potential for new entrants arising from the removal of foreign ownership restrictions provides a real avenue for greater competition and diversity in traditional media markets.
		Mr Hilmer has made clear that relaxation of the cross media rules will lead to stronger, higher quality media organisations that are better positioned to take advantage of the economies of scale and scope in a converging media environment.
		Mr Hilmer's rationale for reform mirrors the reasons why both the Coalition Government in Australia and the Blair New Labour Government in the UK are advocating the relaxation of cross media and foreign ownership rules.
	www.dcita.gov.au /Article/0,,0_4-2_4008-4_104173,00.html (350 words)

	rabble news
		Foreign organisations are restricted to a 30 per cent ownership in national or metropolitan newspapers, and a 20 per cent ownership of a television license.
		There are also special rules governing the ownership of media outlets in regional areas and provisions for maintaining a minimum level of Australian content.
		Critics argue that media ownership in Australia is already too concentrated, and that changes to the legislation would lead to mergers between the nation’s largest media players.
	www.rabble.ca /news_full_story.shtml?x=23190 (972 words)

	PHAA Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The breadth of ownership and diversity of socio-political news and backgrounds of owners and editors is therefore of concern to public health.
		The current directions in media ownership in Australia have the potential to significantly reduce the diversity of fora available for wide information dissemination, discussion and debate across the community and to increase the uniformity of the information provided and of the discussion and debate facilitated.
		The maintenance of diversity of ownership of traditional media is a prerequisite for effective community debate and, in particular, for participation by the community in public health policy development.
	www.phaa.net.au /policy/media.htm (379 words)

	Democrats give a little ground on media laws - theage.com.au
		The Australian Democrats want to increase foreign media ownership in Australia and free radio stations from the ambit of cross-media laws, but otherwise have rejected the Federal Government's planned media changes.
		Democrat communications spokesman John Cherry outlined a package of proposed media changes in the struggling party's first serious attempt to engage the government in Senate negotiations since its damaging leadership change.
		The Democrat plan would extend the total foreign ownership allowed in Australian media groups to 35 per cent, but retain restrictions on individual foreign players at 15 per cent for TV stations and 25 per cent for newspapers.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2002/11/06/1036308365155.html (367 words)

	AAR: Publication: Focus: Media
		The re-opening of the cross-media ownership debate has major implications for the existing landscape of media ownership, since changes to the current regime would undoubtedly trigger significant corporate acquisitions and divestiture in relation to television, radio and newspapers.
		It should be noted that the non-BSA foreign ownership restrictions are easier to change than the cross-media and foreign ownership restrictions in the BSA relating to television.
		There is also a view that foreign ownership rules remain a substantial barrier to entrants and investors in the media industry, and, combined with the cross-media limits, are out of step with the trend in economic regulation to expose industry to competitive pressures.
	www.aar.com.au /pubs/cmt/fomeddec01.htm (1198 words)

	Super scrutiny of media - theage.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The complex relationships between people and the media they consume has been reduced to a series of assumptions and fed into an algorithm that he hopes will shed light on the reasons why the public chooses certain opinions.
		Stocker reduced the interactions of citizens and media to a propensity to influence or be influenced.
		He simulated a single media outlet ("node") with a high level of influence over 100 simulated citizens ("sims").
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/07/21/1058639712397.html (576 words)

	The Development of Australia’s Media Ownership Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The media itself are divided into two kinds, electronic media (such as television and radio) and print media (such as newspaper and magazine).
		This legislation is to control the ownership and the license of the media.
		The authority is to control all media ownership and the licenses in Australia based on The Broadcasting Services Act 1992.
	debian.petra.ac.id /asc/media/media (399 words)

	BARISTA: the foot bone leads to the leg bone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		To quote No Pasaran, quoting Le Monde in turn, the current state of ownership "speaks volumes about the many difficulties: want for capital, inflated printing costs, distribution hurt by a dramatic reduction in the number of points of sale.
		There are many factors contributing to this, apart from cross media ownership.
		Another factor is that the speed and simplicity required of the media means that the truth (which is often slow and complicated) doesn't get through.
	dox.media2.org /barista/archives/000487.html (378 words)

	Will Alston repeat Keating's mistakes on media ownership? - 3 May 2003
		Prior to 1987, these four media organisations controlled all metropolitan and national dailies, as well as much of the regional and suburban press and most of the national magazine market, the commercial television stations in the Sydney and Melbourne markets and substantial radio holdings as well.
		The emphasis of government regulation of the media industry was not on stopping cross-ownership but on limiting ownership within one broadcast medium.
		In radio, ownership was limited to one metropolitan and four regional stations in a state, with a limit nationally of four and eight respectively; television was subject to the "two station" rule.
	www.newsweekly.com.au /articles/2003may03_m.html (769 words)

	boycott-riaa.com - Article: Murdoch backs Bush and wants troops to stay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Media baron Rupert Murdoch today backed George Bush to win a second term, said Australian troops should see the job through in Iraq, and said he would push for changes to Australia's cross-media and foreign media ownership laws, despite shifting News Corporation to the US.
		He indicated he would continue to argue for greater freedom when it came to cross-media and foreign media ownership in Australia.
		Murdoch is the poster child for all of those who want to consolidate all media and information into one source, thereby, forcing us to perform unspeakable acts of degradation just for the privilege of speaking, reading and creating art.
	www.boycott-riaa.com /article/11453 (2379 words)

	October 18, 2004 - Expect foreign interest as Australia prepares new media ownership rules
		Speculation the government would allow more foreign ownership and cross-media ties boosted media shares as high as 12.2 per cent last week.
		Previous attempts to change media laws have been thwarted by the upper house Senate, but the coalition government re-elected Oct. 9 is expected to gain control of that chamber.
		Analysts have also long speculated newspaper group APN, controlled by Tony O'Reilly's Independent News and Media, along with publisher Rural Press, and radio operators Austereo Group and RG Capital, could be among the first players to be gobbled up in an initial consolidation phase.
	www.friends.ca /News/Friends_News/archives/articles10180403.asp (591 words)

	Australia
		The Australia Trust for Conservation does about 1500 volunteer projects each year, ranging from one day to one week or more.
		ChilOut - devoted to the issue of Australia's incarceration of children in detention centres, often for long periods of time and with appalling consequences.
		Timor Sea Justice - Australia is still [Dec 2004] pocketing around $AU 1 million per day in oil revenue from oil fields in disputed territory just off the coast of East Timor, the poorest nation in the region.
	f2.org /oz (487 words)

	PM open to foreign ownership of media
		Prime Minister John Howard said that he was open to foreign ownership of Australia's media.
		Mr Howard disputed that media tycoons Rupert Murdoch and Kerry Packer were likely to be the biggest beneficiaries of any rule changes.
		Mr Howard said he believed any changes to cross media ownership rules were interlinked to foreign ownership quotas.
	news.ninemsn.com.au /article.aspx?id=20729 (461 words)

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