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Topic: Media effects theory

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	Computer Games - Violence - Media Effects Theory - M/Cyclopedia of New Media
		The effects model came about to describe the aims of those who sought to investigate the effects of sexual and violent content in popular film and television, comics or popular music on adolescents, women and other supposedly vulnerable groups (Hartley, 2003: 81).
		The birth of effects theories such as that of the â€˜hypodermic needle modelâ€™ (also known as the silver bullet approach) in the 1920s and 1930s positioned the communication process as being linear and one-way directional.
		In contrast to earlier theories, the limited effects model suggested that people were not directly affected by what was contained within the media, but were actually influenced more by the actions of opinion leaders or prominent people in their society.
	wiki.media-culture.org.au /index.php/Computer_Games_-_Violence_-_Media_Effects_Theory (970 words)

	Media effects theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Media Effects theory is the sociological or media studies theory that exposure to representations of violence in any of various media causes (or tends to cause) increased aggression or violence in the audience / consumer.
		The media scare at this time was use by the Primeminister John Major as propaganda for children to try to steer them away from glue sniffing and mischief.
		Historical criticisms situate the 'meta-narrative' of Effects theory within a long history of distrust of new forms of media, dating as far back as Socrates's objections to the deleterious effects due to the written alphabet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Media_effects_theory (2079 words)

	Media audience studies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Media audience studies is the academic study of media audiences, connected with the academic disciplines of sociology, psychology and media studies.
		Early research into media audiences was dominated by the debate about 'media effects', in particular the link between screen violence and real-life aggression.
		In the 1990s, David Gauntlett published critiques on media 'effects', most notably the "Ten things wrong with the media effects model" article.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Media_audience_studies (203 words)

	www.theory.org.uk Resources: Media Effects
		The point that effects studies take the media as their starting point, however, should not be taken to suggest that they involve sensitive examinations of the mass media.
		Since careful sociological studies of media effects require amounts of time and money which limit their abundance, they are heavily outnumbered by simpler studies which are usually characterised by elements of artificiality.
		The effects model therefore performs the double deception of presuming (a) that the media presents a singular and clear-cut 'message', and (b) that the proponents of the effects model are in a position to identify what that message is.
	www.theory.org.uk /effects.htm (3934 words)

	Magic Bullet Theory
		The media were thought to have the ability to shape public opinion and persuade the masses toward nearly any point of view desired by the author of that particular text.
		This theory has also been known as the Hypodermic Needle Theory, using the metaphor as a reference to how the media are assumed to be injecting all audience members with the same message, causing a uniform thinking among them that the author of the media text intended.
		The effects of the broadcast suggested that the media could manipulate a passive and gullible public, leading theorists to believe this was one of the primary ways media authors shaped audience perception.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory29.htm (1449 words)

	Amazon.ca: Media Effects and Society CL: Books: Elizabeth M. Perse (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Working from the assumption that media effects are common and are underestimated, author Elizabeth M. Perse identifies dominant areas of media effects and provides a synthesis of those areas of research.
		This text provides comprehensive coverage of the range of media effects, including news diffusion, learning from the mass media, socialization of children and adolescents, influences on public opinion and voting, and violent and sexually explicit media content.
		As such, it is appropriate for advanced courses on media effects, media theory, and media and society.
	www.amazon.ca /Media-Effects-Society-Elizabeth-Perse/dp/0805825053 (382 words)

	10 Things Wrong with the Effects Model
		Gauntlett outlines ten fundamental flaws in 'effects models' studies, arguing that these models specifically support conservative ideologies, treat children as inadequate, assume superiority of the educated and elite and make no attempt to understand the many potential readings and meanings of the media.
		He ultimately presents a case for research methods that focus on influences and perceptions, rather than effects and behavior; praising the humanity of studies that listen to media audiences and do not condescend to those who express enjoyment of mass media culture.
		Because there is so little challenge to the "media effects" argument in the popular American media, this article provides an important alternative view that should stimulate media educators to apply their own critical thinking to the conventional wisdom about media's "impact" — as well as to teach critical thinking about statistics!
	www.medialit.org /reading_room/article366.html (209 words)

	The Art Institutes - Media Arts Programs
		Interactive Media Design is used to create everything from DVD menus to Web site navigation and touch screen.
		In the Media Arts and Animation program, you’ll develop a strong foundation in drawing, design, and illustration in order to produce traditional 2-D formats.
		Graduates are prepared to seek entry-level employment such as animator, computer animator, digital media producer, special effects artist, background designer, computer artist, layout artist, or video game artist.
	www.education.org /artinstitutes/aiMediaHome.php (3182 words)

	Research on Logo: Effects and Efficacy
		While there is no one "effect" of Logo, there are many benefits and difficulties that should be researched.
		Effects on processes other than planning may be more profound.
		So, the effects of Logo seemed to be specific to disagreements about ideas.
	el.media.mit.edu /logo-foundation/pubs/papers/research_logo.html (5417 words)

	mass media effects: introduction
		Note, incidentally, that the term 'effects research' is often used solely to refer to the, predominantly American, empiricist approach.
		Sometimes also referred to, after Schramm, as the Silver Bullet Model (1982), this is the idea that the mass media are so powerful that they can 'inject' their messages into the audience, or that, like a magic bullet, they can be precisely targeted at an audience, who irresistibly fall down when hit by the bullet.
		Their approach to the study of mass media effects is close to what we might expect to be the methods of the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology etc.).
	www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk /MUHome/cshtml/media/effects.html (1078 words)

	Media Effects
		While the contribution of media exposure may be small, research consistently and significantly demonstrates that exposure to media violence can increase the probability of both short- and long-term harmful effects.
		These effects, however, are mediated by characteristics of the viewer (demographics, psychological states, personality variables, etc.) in addition to situational characteristics.
		Media literacy has become the strategy for many in the academic community, and includes their attempts to educate the public about the potential harmful effects of the media.
	www.uweb.ucsb.edu /~ker/scholarly_research.htm (938 words)

	BookRags: Catharsis Theory and Media Effects Summary
		The large amount of violence in the mass media is often justified by the concept of catharsis.
		Brad Bushman and his colleagues recently compared media violence effects with effects from other fields, and the results are displayed in Figure 1.
		Watching violent media is not the only factor that causes aggression, but it is an important factor.
	www.bookrags.com /research/catharsis-theory-and-media-effects-eci-01 (969 words)

	Introduction to Media & Politics
		This course explores the role of the media in American politics and the role of politics in the American media.
		Finally, by studying a few major stories and media issues in depth, we try to gain a better understanding of the factors involved in the conversion of events and developments into seemingly significant news.
		In fact, once you start paying attention to this aspect of media coverage, you'll see that many prominently placed stories are not designed to inform the public or to convey any insight into political developments or social issues.
	faculty.uml.edu /sgallagher/introduction_to_media.htm (1034 words)

	NEW MEDIA TECHNOLOGY:
		It causes an evolution of traditional media as characteristics of the technology are incorporated that change use and format in response to the new mediums.
		The trend of these theories is to examine the interplay of traditional and new media and to discuss the cultural impact of new media.
		So while students learn about new media technology, it is difficult to say how applicable they might find this course to their professional work unless they already have a sense of how new media technology fits in to what they do.
	www2.sjsu.edu /depts/masscomm-grad/new_media/final_report5.html (18667 words)

	media effects theories
		Media audiences participate actively in mediated communication; they construct meanings from the content they perceive.
		It is consistent with a “use and gratification” approach to television viewers’ motives (and dependency theory).
		McCombs and Shaw assert that the agenda-setting function of the media causes the correlation between the media and public ordering of priorities.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/comm321/gwalker/effectsmedia.htm (775 words)

	theories lecture
		• is the process by which the media emphasizes an event and thus influences an audience to regard this event as important.
		– prime’s effect on a target behavior or thought is a dual function of the intensity and the recency of the prime
		U and G is a theoretical perspective that views the media as one source of potential influence among many other sources.
	www.clt.astate.edu /mpitts/theories_lecture.htm (798 words)

	Cultivation Theory
		Essentially, the theory states that heavy exposure to mass media, namely television, creates and cultivates attitudes more consistent with a media conjured version of reality than with what actual reality is. The cultivation theory asserts that heavy viewers' attitudes are cultivated primarily by what they watch on television.
		Another twist at the theory occurs when the viewers' everyday experiences parallel and are consistent with theose they view on television.
		Here, the cultivation effect is accelerated when viewers amplify their real-life experience by what the view on television.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory06.htm (1625 words)

	New Media Technology Sampled Courses
		Moreover, the courses selected show a qualitative sample of new media technology courses intended to provide examples, and many additional courses were not included as they closely repeated topics or instruction methods already covered.
		These courses focus on theories and contemporary thought regarding the use of technology in mass communications, or, in other words, secondary materials on the subject.
		Topics include media technology, communication theory, media effects theory, and the social and political implications of new media technology.
	www2.sjsu.edu /depts/masscomm-grad/new_media/courses.html (950 words)

	PSU's Media Lab Research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		in the Pennsylvania State University is a facility dedicated to conducting empirical research on the psychological effects of media content, form, and technology.
		Experiments in the New Media Wing have involved studying the effects of animation on websites, loading time of websites on subjects' attention, arousal, memory, and content perception, and effects of content on stimulation of stereotypical thoughts.
		In addition to providing a physical space for conducting controlled experiments, the Media Effects Research Laboratory acts as a resource facility for researchers conducting experiments and surveys in all aspects of media effects.
	www.personal.psu.edu /dept/medialab/research/research.html (231 words)

	CML CONNECT #3: July 2000
		An excellent educator's guide includes media literacy focus questions -- exploring the decisions made by the producers, directors and actors in interpreting this famous historical event for today's generations.
		The CENTER FOR MEDIA LITERACY is a non-profit organization established to promote critical thinking about the media and to provide leadership, training and resources for media education in schools, religious and community organizations.
		In the global media culture of the 21st century, we believe in "empowerment through education" for children, young people and adults.
	www.medialit.org /reading_room/article487.html (1525 words)

	mass media effects: hegemony theory
		From this point of view, the media are seen as the place of competition between competing social forces rather than simply as a channel for the dominant ideology.
		The dominant classes use mass culture in their response to this struggle by constructing these other groups into target markets and consumers who are addressed by the culture and advertising industries according to their 'demographic' characteristics their social class, their disposable income, their age, sex and so on.
		Gramsci's hegemony theory and the ideological role of the mass media by Stuart Hainsworth
	www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk /MUHome/cshtml/media/hegdet.html (821 words)

	[No title]
		Steve Wiley Office: DH Hill 9218 Email: steve_wiley@ncsu.edu Office hours: Tu/Th 1:30-3:00 PM, by appt. Purpose The purpose of COM 257 is to introduce Communication students in the Media concentration to the historical developments, social issues, and conceptual frameworks that have constituted the field of media theory and research.
		The focus will be on the broad range of theories and research traditions that have laid claim to the field.
		The historical development of the media themselves will be a secondary focus, considered as part of the context in which those theories have taken shape.
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /~wiley/courses/257/Syllabus.doc (2026 words)

	Other Faculty Staff MSU Student Media
		Dillon's research interests include electronic media practices; perception and persuasion in communications; use and applications of the World Wide Web; social science aspects of the New Madrid Seismic Zone.
		White teaches JMC 330 - Mass Media Effects (Theory), JMC 394 - Introduction to Advertising, JMC 439 - Advertising Media Planning, JMC 660 - Methods of Communications Research, and JMC 670 - Philosophical and Ethical Concepts of the Mass Media.
		White's research interests include reaction to public service announcements, third-person effect, and minority and gender portrayals in the mass media.
	members.tripod.com /msu-tv11/other_faculty_staff_msu_student_media.htm (1226 words)

	www.theory.org.uk -- the media theory site
		Ten things wrong with the media 'effects' model
		Moving Experiences, 2nd edition: Media effects and beyond
		There are also a range of resources about media influences - less simplistic ideas about the ways in which popular media might play a role in the shaping of identities:
	www.theory.org.uk /mediaeffects.htm (110 words)

	indymedia beirut \| 2007-03-09T10:15:02+00:00
		Indymedia is a network of individuals, independent and alternative media activists and organisations, offering grassroots, and non-corporate, non-commercial coverage of social and political issues.
		Anarchists from Israel and Lebanon discussed together about the effects of the latest war, their helplessnes, fear and the reasons behind it.
		Only when the numbers of those who are killed day after day are mentioned in the media I realize that I was paralyzed or numbed...
	beirut.indymedia.org (907 words)

	Logo Books
		Cuoco uses Logo to explore combinatorics, number theory, the study of discreet functions, and other topics that are not on the traditional path to calculus.
		Based on a decade of work with high school and university students, this book provides a novel perspective in which mathematical concepts are presented in a constructive, process-oriented way.
		The same turtle used by young children to draw simple shapes and designs becomes a vehicle for exploring advanced topics that include random motion, feedback and growth, vector operations, spherical geometry, and Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.
	el.media.mit.edu /logo-foundation/products/books.html (1462 words)

	Media Richness Theory
		The first assumption of this theory is that organizations process information to reduce uncertainty and equivocality (Daft and Lengel 1986).
		Uncertainty is defined by Galbraith (1977) as “the difference between the amount of information required to perform the task and the amount of information already possessed by the organization.” Equivocality is defined as the ambiguity of the task, caused by conflicting interpretations about a group situation or environment.
		The second assumption of this theory is commonly used media in organizations works better for certain tasks than others.
	www.istheory.yorku.ca /mediarichnesstheory.htm (758 words)

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