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Topic: Medial meniscus

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	Meniscus Inform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The meniscus is 70 to 90% avascular, and tears in the avascular portion, generally remain idle with limited healing capacity.
		Meniscus Transplants: For the patient who has lost the bulk of their meniscus cartilage, either as a result of a devastating tear or meniscectomy, another alternative is meniscal transplant.
		Meniscus transplant can be thought of as the "ultimate meniscus repair" wherein the donor meniscus is inserted into the prepared knee and stitched in place in the same fashion a torn cartilage would be repaired.
	www.genufix.com /meniscus_inform.htm (2594 words)

	Knee Meniscus Injury
		There is a lateral meniscus on the outside of the knee and a medial meniscus on the inside of the knee and they are both attached to the tibia.
		The most common position of injury for the medial meniscus is to have the knee bent with the lower leg faced into rotation away from the midline of the body.
		The medial meniscus may also be injured with the leg straight and the lower leg forced to rotate towards the midline of the body.
	www.ovphysio.com /injuries/meniscus.htm (566 words)

	FIFA.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The medial and lateral collateral ligaments stabilize the inner and outer side of the knee, while the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stabilizes the tibia (shinbone) from sliding forward on the femur (thighbone).
		Meniscus injuries are the most common knee injuries in football The menisci are C-shaped wedges of fibrocartilage located between the articular surface of the condyles of the tibia and femur, one on the medial side and one on the lateral side.
		Meniscus injuries are diagnosed and treated by arthroscopic evaluation and surgery, removing the injured part of the meniscus.
	www.fifa.com /common/printerfriendly.html?articleid=24158 (1460 words)

	Medial and Lateral Meniscus Tears
		The menisci - the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus - are crescent-shaped bands of thick, rubbery cartilage attached to the shinbone (tibia).
		The medial meniscus is on the inner side of the knee joint.
		A meniscus can be split in half, ripped around its circumference in the shape of a C or left hanging by a thread to the knee joint.
	www.csmc.edu /pf_9909.html (653 words)

	meniscus on-line
		Total meniscectomy (surgical remove of the meniscus) lead in the long term to osteoarthritis of the knee, in particular if the anterior cruciate ligament is torn.
		A meniscus tear can occur at any age: in young patients a torn meniscus is usually the result of twisting injuries to the knee, whereas in older patients, we find degenerative lesions.
		Surgical techniques used to remove or to repair the meniscus (meniscus repair) are performed in arthroscopy.
	www.orthopedie.com /en/meniscus/meniscus.htm (685 words)

	The Orthopedic Patient
		The medial meniscus, located on the inside of the knee, is more of an elongated "C"- shape, as the tibial surface is larger on that side.
		The lateral meniscus is more mobile than the medial meniscus as there is no attachment to the lateral collateral ligament or joint capsule.
		The front portion of the meniscus is referred to as the anterior horn, the back portion is the posterior horn, and the middle section is the body.
	www.leadingmd.com /meniscus_mac/overview.asp (1005 words)

	eMedicine - Meniscus Injuries : Article Excerpt by Bradley S Baker
		The medial meniscus, with excursion of approximately 5 mm, is half as mobile as the lateral meniscus, whose mobility may exceed 10 mm.
		Various zones of the meniscus are described based on the blood supply; the red zone is the well-vascularized periphery, the red-white zone is the middle portion with vascularity peripherally but not centrally, and the white zone is the central avascular portion.
		The wedge-shaped meniscus attached to the tibia serves as a secondary stabilizer.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/byname/meniscus-injuries.htm (1513 words)

	The Knee and Shoulder Centers - [PRINTABLE] Meniscus Repair vs. Removal
		Several forms of meniscus damage and deterioration are known to occur, which for general convenience have traditionally been lumped together under the umbrella terms "meniscus tear" or "torn cartilage".
		When a patient hears a surgeon say "You have torn your meniscus", they naturally infer that their meniscus was healthy and functioning properly before it "tore", and that like freshly torn ligaments, their "torn" meniscus can simply be repaired back together again or "fixed", neither of which is the case with degenerated menisci.
		A peripheral, longitudinal (parallel to the meniscal curvature) tear in the medial meniscus is shown in the process of being suture-repaired.
	www.kneeandshoulder.md /print/print_meniscus.html (2289 words)

	Medial Meniscus - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- posteriorly, medial meniscus is anchored to posterior intercondylar area betaween PCL and to the lateral meniscus;
		- during internal rotation of femur on tibia w/ knee in flexion, femur tends to position medial meniscus posteriorly toward the center of knee joint;
		The effect of medial meniscetomy on anterior-posterior motion of the knee.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/medial_meniscus (412 words)

	Medial Meniscus Extrusion on Knee MRI: Is Extent Associated with Severity of Degeneration or Type of Tear? -- Costa et ...
		extrusion of the medial meniscus was quantified in millimeters.
		of medial tibial plateau was quantified in millimeters.
		Medial meniscus tears were found in 83 of the 105 knees.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/183/1/17 (3907 words)

	Diagnosing a Meniscus Tear \| Warren I. Hammer, MS, DC, DABCO
		Therefore, during meniscus testing, if the pain or snapping occurs near maximum knee flexion, the posterior horns are probably involved, and if the pain or clunk occurs toward knee extension, the middle to anterior portion of the meniscus is probably involved.
		It is thought as with the McMurray test that lateral rotation of the tibia stresses the medial meniscus and medial rotation stresses the lateral meniscus.
		Isolated anterior medial pain is usually not a sign of a meniscal tear since anterior horn tears represent less than one percent of meniscus tears.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/10/14/27.html (1296 words)

	MRI Web Clinic - January 2005 - Answer
		The meniscus is responsible for supporting between 40% and 70% of the axial load across the knee; the remainder is transmitted by direct contact of articular cartilage.
		Notice that the posterior root of the medial meniscus extends horizontally to attach adjacent to the PCL insertion (arrow).
		Of those, 60% were in the medial femoral condyle, 20% in the medial tibial plateau, 16% in the lateral femoral condyle, and 4% in both the medial femoral condyle and the medial tibial plateau.
	www.radsource.us /rf/RADS/Internal.aspx?PID=707 (1012 words)

	The Meniscus
		The meniscus is a half moon shaped piece of cartilage that lies between the weight bearing joint surfaces of the femur and the tibia.
		In terms of descriptive terminology orthopaedic surgeons divide the meniscus into thirds with three geographical zones; the front third is referred to as the anterior horn, the back third the posterior horn, and the middle third the body.
		A torn meniscus will usually cause pain on the side of the knee that is localized to the meniscus (at the level of the joint line between the femur and tibia).
	www.orthoassociates.com /meniscus.htm (1709 words)

	Knee Pain: Torn Medial Meniscus Sprain
		The meniscus can also have a flap torn from the inner rim, or the tear can be a degenerative tear where a portion of the meniscus is frayed and torn in multiple directions.
		Degenerative tears of the meniscus are commonly seen as a part of the overall condition of osteoarthritis of the knee in the older population.
		The constant rubbing of the torn meniscus on the articular cartilage may cause wear and tear on the surface, leading to degeneration of the joint.
	www.yourmedicaldetective.com /public/313.cfm (1343 words)

	Physioblasts.Org: Content / / Meniscus of the Knee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The meniscus on the medial (inner) side of the knee is larger than the lateral (outer) meniscus.
		The MCL (medial collateral ligament) attaches to the medial meniscus, which is why injuries to these structures may occur at the same time.
		Symptoms of a meniscus injury may include swelling, increased temperature of the knee, pain almost anywhere in the knee, and potentially "locking" of the knee, or inability to fully straighten the knee.
	physioblasts.org /content.php?article.48 (1076 words)

	Meniscus Tear -- Topic Overview
		A meniscus tear is a common knee joint injury.
		Each knee has two C-shaped menisci (plural of meniscus): a lateral meniscus at the outer side of the knee and a medial meniscus at the inner side of the knee.
		A meniscus tear is usually caused by a twisting or pivoting motion, often with the foot planted and the knee partially flexed (for example, when lifting or playing tennis).
	www.webmd.com /hw/sports_and_fitness/te7346.asp?printing=true (791 words)

	Meniscus tears
		Meniscus tears describes a tear in the shock-absorbing cartilage (meniscus) of the knee.
		The meniscus is a C-shaped fibrous piece of cartilage which is found in certain joints and forms a buffer between the bones to protect the joint.
		The meniscus also serves as a shock-absorption system, assists in lubricating the joint, and limits the joint flexion and extension.
	www.geocities.com /medipedia/001071.htm (534 words)

	Knee module: Ligaments and menisci: Collateral ligaments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The tibial (or medial) collateral ligament (MCL) is a broad, flat band that runs between the medial epicondyle of the femur and the medial tibial condyle.
		At its midpoint, the fibers of the tibial collateral ligament are firmly attached to the medial meniscus.
		The fibular (or lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) is a round, pencil-like cord that extends from a tubercle on the lateral condyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~anatomy/knee/ligaments/ligamen1.html (199 words)

	Imaging the knee -- Ostlere 15 (4): 217 -- Imaging
		A fragment of the torn mid portion of the meniscus is seen to be displaced in the medial gutter (arrow).
		Vertical circumferential tear of the posterior third of the medial meniscus with minor displacement of the free edge (arrow).
		Bone contusions of the posterior lip of the medial tibial plateau (contrecoup injury) and associated internal derangements of the knee at MR imaging.
	imaging.birjournals.org /cgi/content/full/15/4/217 (5570 words)

	Inferiorly Displaced Flap Tears of the Medial Meniscus: MR Appearance and Clinical Significance -- Lecas et al. 174 ...
		Inferiorly Displaced Flap Tears of the Medial Meniscus: MR Appearance and Clinical Significance -- Lecas et al.
		the medial collateral ligament, the surface of the meniscus
		surface of the meniscus and inferior flaps arise from the inferior
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/1/161 (1832 words)

	Meniscal Tears
		The meniscus on the inside of the knee is medial meniscus and the outside of the knee is called lateral meniscus.
		The medial meniscus absorbs 30% of the load in the medial compartment and the lateral meniscus absorbs 50% of the load in the lateral compartment.
		Most tears occur in the inner zones of the meniscus because this is the part of the meniscus that gets caught between the moving bones.
	www.pamf.org /sports/king/meniscal_tears.html (541 words)

	Meniscal Tears - Children's Hospital Boston
		The human meniscus is a wedge shaped structure in the knee that consists of fibrocartilage, a very tough but pliable material.
		The medial meniscus is located on the inside of the knee (towards the middle of the body) and the lateral meniscus is located on the outside of the knee.
		It is also common for the meniscus to be damaged in association with injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1089/printerfriendlypageS1089P0.html (483 words)

	Diagnosing a Meniscus Tear
		Most meniscus tests usually create a positive response from the patient due to a "compression or entrapment of the meniscus between the femur and tibia."1 It is important to understand that one function of the menisci is to limit extreme knee flexion and extension.
		In full flexion, the posterior horns of the meniscus are driven posteriorly and block knee flexion.3 As the knee flexes, the menisci move posterior partly due to the contraction of the semimembranosus and popliteus which attach to the posterior medial and lateral menisci respectively.
		The theory behind this test is that as the tibia is slowly extended from the flexed position, the meniscus moves anteriorly and "almost catches between the femur and tibia before abruptly slipping back posteriorly, producing a snap."1 This test is considered almost pathognomonic for a posterior meniscal tear.
	www.chiroweb.com /hg/10/14/27.html (1134 words)

	eMedicine - Meniscal Injury : Article Excerpt by: Sarjoo M Bhagia, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The medial meniscus may shift a few millimeters, while the less stable lateral meniscus may move at least 1 cm.
		The medial and lateral geniculate arteries anastomose into a parameniscal capillary plexus supplying the synovial and capsular tissues of the knee joint.
		The vascular penetration through this capsular attachment is limited to 10-25% of the peripheral widths of the medial and lateral meniscal rims.
	www.emedicine.com /pmr/byname/meniscal-injury.htm (670 words)

	MENISCAL REPAIR
		The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage which is located at the peripheral aspect of the joint.
		For that reason, when damaged, the meniscus is usually unable to undergo the normal healing process that occurs in most of rest of the body.
		Because the space between the bones of the joint is very small, as the abnormally mobile piece of meniscal tissue moves, it may become caught between the bones of the joint (femur and tibia).
	www.arthroscopy.com /sp05026.htm (746 words)

	Meniscus prosthesis patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		3 depicts a schematic view of the various regions of an exemplary medial meniscus prosthesis according to the present invention.
		5 depicts a side view of the outer region of an exemplary medial meniscus prosthesis according to the present invention.
		It should be understood by those skilled in the art that a device according to the present invention for use in the medial compartment of a left knee is simply a mirror image of the device illustrated in FIG.
	www.freshpatents.com /Meniscus-prosthesis-dt20051215ptan20050278025.php (1694 words)

	TORN CARTILAGE (MENISCUS)
		For that reason, when damaged, the meniscus is unable to undergo the normal healing process that occurs in most of the rest of the body.
		Typically, when the meniscus is damaged, the torn piece begins to move in an abnormal fashion inside the joint.
		The traditional method of surgery for a torn meniscus (cartilage) involves admission to a hospital for several days, one or more surgical incisions that may average several inches, several weeks on crutches, and up to several months to completely rehabilitate the knee.
	www.arthroscopy.com /sp05005.htm (835 words)

	Thermal Shrinkage of medial meniscus
		The biggest problem, as he described it, was that the meniscus was somewhat "sloppy" (his words) and moved around quite a bit when he probed it.
		I've done extensive research online and have talked to a friend who is an orthopedic surgeon and the consensus is that this type of procedure is not very reliable when used on the shoulder or the ACL, which seems to be the typical usage.
		I have seen exactly one article about using this procedure, entitled, "Thermal shrinkage of hypermobile lateral meniscus" that reports decent results but only based on a study of 5 patients (as a researcher myself I find this data pool to be a little on the short end).
	www.medhelp.org /forums/Fitness/messages/102.html (263 words)

	Gross Anatomy: THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE KNEE JOINT
		This forces the knee in a medial direction causing the the tibia and femur to separate on the medial side.
		Meniscus- The menisci are cartilagenous plates that help adapt the shape of the femur to the tibia and also act as shock absorbers.
		Damage to the medial collateral ligament can also result in injury to the medial meniscus because to the attachment of the medial collateral ligament to this meniscus.
	www.upstate.edu /cdb/grossanat/limbs8.shtml (2010 words)

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