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Topic: Median test


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  Median test - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It tests the null hypothesis that the medians of the populations from which two samples are drawn are identical.
A Pearson's chi-square test is then used to determine whether the observed frequencies in each group differ from expected frequencies derived from a distribution combining the two groups.
The statistical power of this test may sometimes be improved by using a value other than the median to define the groups – that is, by using a value which divides the groups into more nearly equal groups than the median would.
www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Median_test   (211 words)

  
 Median test -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
In (A branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters) statistics, the median test is a special case of (additional info and facts about Pearson's chi-square test) Pearson's chi-square test.
A Pearson's chi-square test is then used to determine whether the observed frequencies in each group differ from expected frequencies derived from a (The act of distributing or spreading or apportioning) distribution combining the two groups.
This test is useful when the distributions of data differ markedly from (Being within certain limits that define the range of normal functioning) normality, for example when (additional info and facts about raw score) raw scores have been arbitrarily classified into inappropriate ranges before being recorded.
www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/median_test.htm   (246 words)

  
 Fisher exact test online. For table analysis, including the median test
However, in many cases the Chi-square is preferred because the Fisher exact test is difficult to calculate.
Median Test.One particular application of the Fisher exact is as a test for the difference in location between two medians (the median is the point or value above which we can find exactly half of the observations).
The null hypothesis is that the medians for two groups are the same, the alternative is that the locations are different.
home.clara.net /sisa/fishrhlp.htm   (744 words)

  
 ipedia.com: Pearson's chi-square test Article   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
It tests a null hypothesis that the relative frequencies of occurrence of observed events follow a specified frequency distribution.
For example, to test the hypothesis that a random sample of 100 people has been drawn from a population in which men and women are equal in frequency, the observed number of men and women would be compared to the theoretical frequencies of 50 men and 50 women.
A test of independence assesses whether paired observations on two variables are independent of each other — for example, whether people from different regions differ in the frequecy with which they report that they support a political candidate.
www.ipedia.com /pearson_s_chi_square_test.html   (543 words)

  
 CW Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists 7/e Chapter 16 -- MINITAB Project   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
Let k be the value of the test statistic and assume that the distribution of K is binomial with parameters n and p =0.5.
The test statistic value is compared with these critical values for the given significance level a to determine whether to reject the postulated null hypothesis.
Since the p-value for the test is 0.0021 (rather small compared to a significance level of 0.05) we can reject the null hypothesis and claim that the median weight for the bags of corn chips is less than 16 ounces.
cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/esm_walpole_probstats_7/chapter16/custom1/deluxe-content.html   (2722 words)

  
 Levene Test
The F test used in analysis of variance problem with k factors can be sensitive to unequal standard deviations in the k factors.
Levene's test is a test of the hypothesis that all factor standard deviations (or equivalently variances) are equal against the alternative that the standard deviations are not all equal.
By robustness, we mean the ability of the test to not falsely detect non-homogeneous groups when the underlying data is not normally distributed and the groups are in fact homogeneous.
www.itl.nist.gov /div898/software/dataplot/refman1/auxillar/levetest.htm   (579 words)

  
 Summaries
Objective: Be able to perform the test of the population median.
This discussion must include a clear discussion of the population and the null hypothesis, the family of samples, the family of errors and the interpretation of the p-value.
Fictitious Large Fruit Bats II Objective: Be able to perform the test of the population median.
www.mindspring.com /~cjalverson/_11thapril2005.htm   (836 words)

  
 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Provocative Maneuvers
Tethered median nerve stress test: This test may be useful in detecting chronic, low grade median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel and may be most useful when sensory complaints predominate and motor signs are minimal.
This test is the least sensitive of the median nerve provocative maneuvers but is the most specific test for median neuropathy at the carpal tunnel.
Compression neuropathy of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.
www.chiroweb.com /hg/13/08/02.html   (844 words)

  
 [No title]
The Wilcoxon signed rank test assumes that the underlying population is approximately symmetric and that the data are continuous on the ratio or interval scale.
This is a twotail test with 8 observations, and none is equal to the hypothesized median.
This is a twotail test and n = 19 observations because one is lost due to a tie with the hypothesized median.
www.fordham.edu /economics/leighton/sm_ch14.doc   (2668 words)

  
 Quantitative Methods in Public Administration, Tests for More Than Two Independent Samples
Also called the Westenberg-Mood median test, this is a more general but less powerful alternative to the Kruskal-Wallis H test for testing if several independent samples come from the same population.
The J-T test tests the hypothesis that as one moves from samples low on the criterion to samples high on the criterion, the within-sample magnitude of the criterion variable increases.
The Kruskal-Wallis H test assumes data have a continuous distribution in the population from which they were sampled.
www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/kruskal.htm   (959 words)

  
 Ch. 4 notes for H&W, STAT 657
For the tests of this section (noting that while most of the section deals with the rank sum test, the normal scores test is introduced in Comment 12 on p.
3), establishing the asymptotic normality of the rank sum test is difficult (and uses probability theory beyond the prerequisites of this course) because the rank sum statistic is not a sum of iid random variables.
So a small p-value from the test should not be taken as representing statistically significant evidence against the hypothesis of equal means (or the null hypothesis of equal medians), unless it can be assumed that if the means (medians) are equal then the distributions are identical.
mason.gmu.edu /~csutton/handwch4657.html   (3404 words)

  
 What statistical analysis should I use? Statistical analyses using Stata
The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test is the non-parametric version of the independent samples t-test and can be used when you do not assume that the dependent variable is a normally distributed interval variable (you only assume that the variable is ordinal).
Likewise, the test of the overall model is not statistically significant, LR chi-squared 0.56, p = 0.4527.
This command produces three different test statistics that are used to evaluate the statistical significance of the relationship between the independent variable and the outcome variables.
www.ats.ucla.edu /stat/stata/whatstat/whatstat.htm   (5946 words)

  
 [No title]
The table contains various statistical test values such as mean, standard deviation, median, etc. There are three sets of plots.
The third set shows plots of various statistics test values as a function of frame number (if more than one image is given.) The parameters below control which test values and plots are produced.
Warning checks on median and standard deviation are always sent to standard output.
spider.ipac.caltech.edu /staff/tab/stattest/stattest.txt   (943 words)

  
 STAT_Test   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
Unlike the standard (One-way) ANOVA, the Median Test does not assume normality and is a nonparametric alternative to a One-Way ANOVA.
A chi-square statistic is calculated to test the null hypothesis of row and column independence.
In fact, the median test is a chi-square test of independence between group membership and the proportion of cases above and below the median.
staff.harrisonburg.k12.va.us /~gcorder/test_median_test.html   (423 words)

  
 Univariate Statistics - Nonparametrics for Indepedent Groups
As with most non-parametric tests, the Mann-Whitney U is more powerful than its parametric counterpart when parametric assumptions are not met.
Rank all of the observations (N total) regardless of group membership, whereby tie scores are given the average rank for the whole rank of ranks that would be subsummed by those scores.
The Median test is a less powerful non-parametric test than the Mann-Whitney because the dependent variable is dichotomized at the median (hence the name).
www.uwsp.edu /psych/cw/statmanual/nptwosample.html   (310 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
Performing the Sign and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Tests Once the data have been entered, select Analyze (Nonparametric Tests (2 Related Samples, select the columns containing the claimed median and measurements, and check the appropriate tests in the Test Type portion of the window to perform the Sign and Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Tests for a single sample.
For example, one may decide to use 0 as the label indicating that the condition is present and 1 for when the condition is not present.
One way of performing McNemar’s Test using SPSS is to select Analyze (Nonparametric Tests (2 Related Samples, select the columns corresponding to the appropriate variables, and check McNemar in the Test Type portion of the window.
www.facstaff.bucknell.edu /jwright/Math217/Homework/HW_LAB7_instructions.doc   (568 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
Otherwise, \code{x} must be a numeric data vector, and \code{g} must be a vector or factor object of the same length as \code{x} giving the group for the corresponding elements of \code{x}.
The Fligner-Killeen (median) test has been determined in a simulation study as one of the many tests for homogeneity of variances which is most robust against departures from normality, see Conover, Johnson & Johnson (1981).
A comparative study of tests for homogeneity of variances, with applications to the outer continental shelf bidding data.
www.cs.uiowa.edu /~luke/classes/248/R-1.8.1/src/library/ctest/man/fligner.test.Rd   (331 words)

  
 IFA Services: Statistics, Median Test   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
Count the number of observations in the smallest sample that are smaller than the median (H) and the total number of observations smaller than the median (m).
This test for median values is a permutation test.
When there are observations equal to the median value (i.e., ties) these should be assigned conservatively, i.e., in a way that makes rejection of the H0 less likely.
www.fon.hum.uva.nl /Service/Statistics/Median_Test.html   (304 words)

  
 Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) with Alpha-Stim® treating anxiety disorders in psychiatric patients.
The study was triple-blind which was accomplished by the use of identical double-blinding boxes, with either of 2 options selected, and by the statistician being blinded to all conditions for analyses.
All subjects were tested on the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), electromyogram (EMG), and finger temperature before and after a single 20 minute application of CES treatment, except the placebo control group, which sat in the same room but was not connected to any device.
Temperature in the sham group had a pretest median of 90.5º F ± 4.90 to post test median of 91.65º F ± 4.81.
alpha-stim.com /Information/Technology/Research/Index/Voris_95/voris_95.html   (391 words)

  
 Raven Standard Progressive Matrices   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
All three tests are measures of Spearman's g.
The raw score is typically converted to a percentile rank by using the appropriate norms.
Coefficients close to this median value have been obtained with time intervals of a week to several weeks, with longer intervals associated with smaller values.
www.cps.nova.edu /~cpphelp/RSPM.html   (435 words)

  
 Lesson Plan
Students will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of mean, median, and mode and will compute and compare them in simple examples to show that they may differ.
Given sets of data in various formats, students will learn to compute the three types of average (or measure of central tendency): mean, median, and mode and attempt to determine which type of averaging is most useful in each situation.
Students will be given a copy of the Measures of Central Tendency page which has definitions and examples of the three types of average (measures of central tendency): mean (also known as average), median, and mode.
ctap295.borderlink.org /cdenton   (580 words)

  
 Description of Median Test
Together with the Department of Public Works, Macalester College planned a test median last winter and implemented the two-phase test in the spring, 2003.
Phase II of the test began in mid-April and continued through the end of spring semester or the third week of May. Phase II tested a two-stage crossing at three "crossing-points" but included no formal crosswalk.
Instead, this phase gave pedestrians a raised median as a safe refuge on which to wait and facilitated crossing one lane of traffic at a time.
www.macalester.edu /grandsurvey/html/1/2.html   (439 words)

  
 Each observation is transformed to a binary variable. Median test 1.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
The test, known as the median test, is applied to the transformed data and tests the hypothesis that the median is the same in all treatment groups.
Note: a similar test can be used for a situation in which a binary variable is recorded, such as a reading `above' versus `below' machine sensitivity, or individuals with or without a disease.
The response is considered to be based on an underlying continuous variable, such as susceptibility to a disease.
www.aps.uoguelph.ca /~margaret/nonparametric/node3.html   (152 words)

  
 Inmate Admissions Test at Median Grade level of 6.7; 66% Below GED Prep Level, 2002-03 Agency Annual Report   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
When inmates come into prison, they are tested to determine their educational level in the form of a school grade level.
Of all the scores analyzed, the median test score (half the scores were above and half were below this score) was 6.7.
The tested grade level achieved most often (13.2%) was the 5th grade.
www.dc.state.fl.us /pub/annual/0203/stats/ia_grade_level.html   (215 words)

  
 John Rayner   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
In smooth testing the density to be tested for is nested in a k-parameter smooth alternative.
The goodness of fit test is found by using the appropriate score test and testing if the parameters in the smooth alternative are zero.
The most widely known and used nonparametric tests are tests of location differences; for example the median, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, Durbin and Cochran tests.
www.math.uow.edu.au /people/rayner.shtml   (1493 words)

  
 Knodt's Statistical Help   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
The McNEMAR test for the significance of changes is particularly applicable to those 'before and after' designs in which each person is used as his own control and in which measurement is in the strength of either a nominal or ordinal scale (Frequency or rank).
The test does not assume that the difference scores are from normal populations with is one of the assumptions of the t-Test.
The test does assume that the population is symmetrical so that the mean is an accurate representation of central tendency, and is equal to the median.
members.aol.com /statware/pubpage.htm   (14045 words)

  
 IngentaConnect Direct estimation of the percentile "p-value" for the one-sample ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
In this paper we outline and illustrate an easy-to-use inference procedure for directly calculating the approximate bootstrap percentile-type p-value for the one-sample median test, i.e.
Monte Carlo simulation studies are performed, which illustrate that the fractional-order-statistics-based approach to the one-sample median test has accurate type I error control for small samples over a wide range of distributions; is easy to calculate; and is preferable to the sign test in terms of type I error control and power.
Furthermore, the fractional-order-statistics-based median test is easily generalized to testing that any quantile has some hypothesized value; for example, tests for the upper or lower quartile may be performed using the same framework.
api.ingentaconnect.com /content/routledg/cjas/1998/00000025/00000004/art00006   (230 words)

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