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Topic: Mediastinum

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	Mediastinum
		The mediastinum is the "middle" section of the chest cavity.
		The mediastinum is bordered by the thoracic inlet (where the organs of the neck enter the chest) on top, by the diaphragm on the bottom, the sternum (breastbone) in front, and the vertebral column (backbone) to the rear.
		Organs located in the mediastinum include the heart, the aorta, the thymus gland, the chest portion of the trachea, the esophagus, lymph nodes and important nerves.
	www.cts.usc.edu /zglossary-mediastinum.html (0 words)

	Lab Manual - Superior Mediastinum & Lungs
		Define the boundaries of the superior mediastinum and peel away the mediastinal pleura.
		Strip the pericardium from the thoracic cavity and identify the parts of the aortic arch, ligamentum arteriosum, pulmonary trunk, trachea, and bronchi.
		Carefully peel away the mediastinal pleura from the fibrous pericardium (middle mediastinum) and from the structures in the superior mediastinum.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /cardiovascular_system/sup_med.html (1175 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mediastinum lies between the right and left pleurÃ¦ in and near the median sagittal plane of the chest.
		Mediastinitis is inflammation of the tissues in the mediastinum, usually bacterial and due to rupture of organs in the mediastinum.
		- "The anatomical divisions of the inferior mediastinum."
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=mediastinum (371 words)

	Chapter 20: The thoracic wall and mediastinum
		The phrenic nodes are situated on the thoracic surface of the diaphragm.
		It is commonly considered to comprise a superior mediastinum, above the level of the pericardium, and three lower divisions: anterior, middle, and posterior.
		The various structures in the mediastinum are surrounded and supported by loose connective tissue often infiltrated with fat.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_4/chapter_20.html (3262 words)

	Chest_aorta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On plain films the mediastinum projects as a water density surrounded by the two air filled lungs and is intersected by the air filled trachea and major bronchi.
		The overall size and shape of the entire mediastinum on both the PA and lateral views are examined to determine if they are normal for the patient's age, as well as obvious masses and calcifications.
		The superior mediastinum begins at the root of the neck and ends caudally at a line drawn between T-4 vertebra and the sternomanubrial junction (a line which skims the top of the aortic arch).
	www.glaciermedicaled.com /Chest/a1_heart_aorta.html (452 words)

	Mediastinum
		Anterior mediastinum: ventral to anterior cardiac border and aortic root - thymic epithelial tumors and cysts, germ cell neoplasms, lymphoproliferative lesions, retrosternal thyroid glandular proliferations, parathyroid lesions, aorticopulmonary-type paragangliomas, lymphangioma, hemangioma, lipoma
		Middle mediastinum: between (a) anterior cardiac silhouette and aortic root and (b) posterior tracheal carinii - pericardial cyst, bronchogenic cyst, lymphoma
		Common; in anterior, middle or posterior mediastinum or soft tissue of neck
	www.pathologyoutlines.com /mediastinum.html (3219 words)

	The Mediastinum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the superior mediastinum lie the brachiocephalic veins, the branches from the aortic arch, the trachea and esophagus.
		As the esophagus enters the posterior mediastinum it is crossed by the arch of the aorta on its left side.
		The course of the esophagus through the mediastinum is from midline to left so that it lies anterior and left of the aorta as it pierces the diaphragm level with the T10 vertebra.
	www.med.mun.ca /anatomyts/thorax/media.htm (349 words)

	Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma of the Mediastinum
		Patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma in the mediastinum are sometimes assumed to have metastatic lung cancer with an undetectable primary lesion and are, therefore, assumed to be unresectable and incurable.
		In addition, some patients with poorly differentiated carcinoma involving the mediastinum are curable with intensive cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
		Following light microscopic examination of an adequate biopsy specimen, immunoperoxidase staining and electron microscopy are useful in distinguishing between the various neoplasms occurring in the mediastinum.
	www.health.am /cr/carcinoma-of-the-mediastinum (692 words)

	Mediastinum
		The mediastinum is the "middle" section of the chest cavity.
		The mediastinum is bordered by the thoracic inlet (where the organs of the neck enter the chest) on top, by the diaphragm on the bottom, the sternum (breastbone) in front, and the vertebral column (backbone) to the rear.
		Organs located in the mediastinum include the heart, the aorta, the thymus gland, the chest portion of the trachea, the esophagus, lymph nodes and important nerves.
	www.surgery.usc.edu /divisions/ct/zglossary-mediastinum.html (138 words)

	Radiology: Mediastinum - WSAVA 2002
		The mediastinum extends from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm.
		The mediastinum is usually divided into three sections: a cranial portion cranial to the heart, a middle portion that includes the heart, and a caudal portion caudal to the heart.
		The organs present in the mediastinum are: heart, trachea, major blood vessels, oesophagus, lymph nodes, vagus and phrenic nerves, thoracic duct and in young animals the thymus.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2605 (1794 words)

	eMedicine - Neurogenic Tumors of the Mediastinum : Article Excerpt by: Dale K Mueller, MD
		An understanding of the embryology of this area and of the anatomic relationships of the normal structures within the mediastinum is essential in the proper determination of the exact nature of a mass or tumor located in this area.
		When defining the location of specific mediastinal masses, the portion of the thorax defined as the mediastinum extends from the posterior aspect of the sternum to the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and includes the paravertebral sulci.
		The mediastinum is limited bilaterally by the mediastinal parietal pleura and extends from the diaphragm inferiorly to the level of the thoracic inlet superiorly.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/neurogenic-tumors-of-the-mediastinum.htm (779 words)

	Untitled Document
		Radiologically the anterior mediastinum is a space in front of a line drawn parallel to the vertebra extending from the cephalad portion of the manubrium to the diaphragm.
		The posterior mediastinum is a space behind a line drawn tangential to the anterior cortical margins of the vertebra.
		The superior mediastinum is wedge shaped and lies between the manubrium and the first four thoracic vertebrae.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /rad/medstud/ChestCaseStudies/ChestCase12a.htm (794 words)

	eMedicine - Mediastinal Cysts : Article by Mary C Mancini, MD, PhD
		The middle compartment, or middle mediastinum, is located between the posterior limit of the anterior compartment and the anterior longitudinal spinal ligament.
		The posterior mediastinum is the area posterior to the heart and trachea and includes the paravertebral sulci.
		The posterior mediastinum contains the descending thoracic aorta and ligamentum arteriosum, esophagus, thoracic duct, the azygos vein, and numerous neural structures (including the autonomic ganglion and nerves, lymph nodes, and adipose tissue).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2985.htm (6558 words)

	mediastinum (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mediastinum is the region of the thoracic cavity bounded by:
		The mediastinum includes all of the structures within the thoracic cavity except the lungs and surrounding pleurae.
		The mediastinum is subdivided into various regions for the purposes of description; arbitrary boundaries have been set which have no absolute physiological or pathological correlates.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/1691353147.htm (250 words)

	Mediastinal Tumor - Health Encyclopedia
		The mediastinum is the part of the chest between the sternum and the spinal column.
		In contrast, most mediastinal tumors in adults occur in the anterior mediastinum and are usually malignant (cancerous) lymphomas or thymomas.
		For neurogenic tumors of the posterior mediastinum, surgery is the treatment of choice.
	www.nbc4.tv /encyclopedia/6861493/detail.html (611 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		(me”de-as”tĭ-nos´kə-pe) examination of the mediastinum by means of an endoscope inserted through an anterior incision in the suprasternal notch, permitting direct inspection and biopsy of tissue in the anterior superior mediastinum.
		me´dium [TA] middle mediastinum: the division of the mediastinum containing the heart enclosed in its pericardium, the ascending aorta, the superior vena cava, the bifurcation of the trachea into bronchi, the pulmonary arteries and veins, the phrenic nerves, a large portion of the roots of the lungs, and the arch of the azygos vein.
		supe´rius [TA] superior mediastinum: the division of the mediastinum extending from the pericardium to the root of the neck, and containing the esophagus and the trachea posteriorly, the thymus or its remains anteriorly, and the great vessels related to the heart and pericardium, the thoracic duct, and the vagus nerves in between.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_m_06zPzhtm (4573 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery - Middle mediastinal thymoma: case report (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Recently, a case of thymoma of the middle mediastinum was published, which the authors said was the first example in the literature [3].
		The patient was submitted to median thoracotomy to remove a large mass occupying the middle mediastinum in position beside the pericardium from just under of junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium, extending laterally to the right and distally in the direction of the diaphragm (Figure 1).
		In spite of the size of the tumor with remaining tissue of the thymus located in the anterior and upper regions, the majority of the tumoral was found in the middle mediastinum, which is rare as this is one of the few cases reported in the literature.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-97412005000200016&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en (1306 words)

	Homo sapiens diseases - Mediastinum
		fibrosing, fibrous or indurative mediastinitis / mediastinal fibrosis : development of whitish, hard fibrous tissue in the upper mediastinum, causing compression, distortion, or obliteration of the superior vena cava, and sometimes constriction of the bronchi and large pulmonary vessels.
		bronchial or bronchogenic cyst : a spherical congenital cyst arising from anomalous budding during the formation of the tracheobronchial tree; it is usually found in the mediastinum or the lung and is lined with bronchial epithelium that may contain secretory elements.
		hemomediastinum : an effusion of blood in the mediastinum.
	focosi.immunesig.org /pathohomotissuemediastinum.html (1249 words)

	Mediastinum Summary
		The mediastinum is bounded by the front by the sternum or breastbone, to the back by the spine, and to the left and right by the pleurae of the lungs.
		The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue.
		Pneumomediastinum is the presence of air in the mediastinum, which can lead to pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumopericardium if left untreated in some cases, though that does not always happen and sometimes those conditions actually are the cause, not the result, of pneumomediastinum.
	www.bookrags.com /Mediastinum (861 words)

	Mediastinoscopy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mediastinum is the space behind the sternum (breastbone) in the middle of the chest that separates the two lungs.
		In addition to directly visualizing the mediastinum, tissue samples of mediastinal lymph nodes may be obtained.
		The primary reason for mediastinoscopy is to visualize, examine, and biopsy lymph nodes for identification of disease processes in the mediastinum, particularly the staging of lung cancer.
	www.muschealth.com /gs/TandP.aspx?PageID=P07753 (1705 words)

	World Journal of Surgical Oncology \| Full text \| Malignant schwannoma of the upper mediastinum originating from the ...
		Malignant schwannoma of the upper mediastinum originating from the vagus nerve is extremely rare.
		According to a collected series of 2399 cases of mediastinal tumors reported in the literature [1], 496 cases (20.7%) were of neurogenic tumors, and most of them occurred in the posterior mediastinum.
		Malignant schwannoma of the upper mediastinum arising from the vagus nerve is rare.
	www.wjso.com /content/3/1/65 (1422 words)

	Lab Manual - Lungs & Superior Mediastinum
		Define the boundaries of the superior mediastinum and peel away the mediastinal pleura.
		Carefully peel away the mediastinal pleura from the fibrous pericardium (middle mediastinum) and from the structures in the superior mediastinum.
		In order to study the great vessels and their structures in the superior mediastinum, it is necessary to elevate the sternocleidomastoid and strap muscles at the root of the neck.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/thorax/sup_med.html (1102 words)

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