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Topic: Medical model of disability

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	Models of deafness - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The models are: the medical (or infirmity) model, social model, and cultural model.
		The medical model encompasses the idea that an individual affected by hearing impairment may be admired for their accommodation of the infirmity or their courage in struggling with it, but the infirmity itself is generally seen as undesirable.
		The social model of deafness is a part of a more comprehensive and far-reaching social model of disability that seeks to distinguish and distance itself from the medical model.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Models_of_deafness (1804 words)

	Disability-Rights Model vs Medical Model (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		She then explained the differences between the medical model of disability and the disability-rights model of disability.
		Adherents to the medical model believe that a disabled person's problems are caused by the fact of his or her disability and thus the question is whether or not the disability can be alleviated.
		Advocates of the disability-rights model, on the other hand, believe that a person with a disability is limited more by society's prejudices than by the practical difficulties that may be created by the disability.
	www.toddlertime.com /pat/models.htm (158 words)

	The History of Disability
		Models of inclusion - for example, among the Maori in Aotearoa where it is suggested that disability is accepted as being normal - have been erased from Western disability history.
		The history of disability in the West has been characterized by the progressive development of several models of disability: the religious model of disability, the medical/genetic model of disability, and the rights-based model of disability.
		However, the medical perspective of disability remains wedded to the economy, whereby personal capacity and ability are often assessed as incapacity and inability so as to determine a person's eligibility for financial assistance and benefits, and access to personal resources.
	www.ru.org /artother.html (2215 words)

	Medical_Social_Model
		'Medical model' thinking about us predominates in schools where special educational needs are thought of as resulting from the individual who is seen as different, faulty and needing to be assessed and made as normal as possible.
		The Disability Movement comprises those disabled people and their supporters who understand that they are, regardless of their particular impairment, subjected to a common oppression by the non-disabled world.
		Unlike medically based 'cures', which focus on the individual and their impairment, this is an achievable goal and to the benefit of everyone.
	www.diseed.org.uk /Medical_Social_Model.htm (882 words)

	UN Enable - EGM on International Norms/Standards 2/8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		From a medical model of disability to a social model of disability
		Thus, this model sees the problem not as residing in the person with a disability, but as resulting from the structures, practices and attitudes that prevent the individual from exercising his or her capabilities: the cure to the problem of disability lies in restructuring society.
		The Meeting noted the difficulties in defining disability in a manner which reflected the social dimensions of disability, avoided the construction of persons with disabilities as abnormal or inferior, and reflected the fact that disability was frequently dependent on context.
	www.un.org /esa/socdev/enable/disberk2.htm (1586 words)

	Project Jane
		The medical model sees disability as personal tragedy and suggests that disabled people are regarded as people with limitations who cannot ensure a reasonable quality of life because of their impairment.
		According to the social model of disability, notwithstanding the fact that individuals' personal experience of their impairments may be negative and in some cases painful or hindering, society as a whole has created disability because it has failed to take into account the needs of people with impairments.
		Although some disabled workers are unable to drive because of the nature of their impairment or because they do not have the money to learn, some employers appear to reject disabled applicants on the sweeping assumption that all disabled people are immobile (Graham et al, 1990).
	www.ucc.ie /social_policy/ProJane.htm (9431 words)

	Kaplan. Disability Model
		The rehabilitation model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional who can provide training, therapy, counseling or other services to make up for the deficiency caused by the disability.
		This model regards disability as a normal aspect of life, not as a deviance and rejects the notion that persons with disabilities are in some inherent way "defective".
		The disability model recognizes social discrimination as the most significant problem experienced by persons with disabilities and as the cause of many of the problems that are regarded as intrinsic to the disability under the other models.
	www.peoplewho.org /debate/kaplan.htm (3318 words)

	Peter Gibilisco compares the disability social movement and the medical model of disability. - On Line Opinion - ...
		The first is the medical model of disability, which looks at disability as a medical illness that either has to be medically cured at an individual level, or controlled to allow the person with a disability to become a normal functioning member of society.
		On the other hand, there is the social model of disability that understands disability to be the outcome of social, political and economic processes, which have an impact on the lives of people identified as disabled, as well as on the lives of people who are not identified as disabled.
		Whereas the medical model focuses on the individual as a “patient”, in contrast, the social model focuses on the infinite social processes and dynamics of disability.
	www.onlineopinion.com.au /view.asp?article=3103 (1599 words)

	Longmore, Paul K. 1995. "The Second Phase: From Disability Rights to Disability Culture."
		Disabled people could not, the critics have complained, on the one hand,.claim equal opportunity and equal social standing, and, on the other, demand "special", privileges such as accommodations and public financial aid (e.g., health insurance).
		It examines ideas related to disability in all forms of cultural representation throughout history, and examined the policies and practices of all societies to understand the social, rather than physical and psychological, determinants of the experience of disability.
		The proclamation of disability and deaf pride and the elaboration of disability and deaf cultures express a politics of identity.
	www.independentliving.org /docs3/longm95.html (3366 words)

	Manchester City Council - the Social Model of Disability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The medical model of disability encourages explanations in terms of the features of an individual's body, whereas a social model encourages explanations in terms of characteristics of social organisation.
		Under this model of disability, disabled people's inability to join in society is seen as a direct result of having an impairment and not as the result of features of our society which can be changed.
		The social model has been worked out by disabled people who feel that the individual model does not provide an adequate explanation for their exclusion from mainstream society - because their experiences have shown them that in reality most of their problems are not caused by their impairments, but by the way society is organised.
	www.manchester.gov.uk /disability/policies/model.htm (763 words)

	United Nations. 1998-12. "Report of the United Nations Consultative Expert Group Meeting on International Norms and ...
		The Meeting particularly welcomed the occasion of the forum, as well as the presence of representatives of disability groups during the course of the Meeting, as participants were concerned with the inadequate representation of persons with disabilities at the Meeting, and recommended that future meetings of this sort should have such representation.
		The Meeting took as its starting point for analysis the social model of disability, and recognised that disability is a result both of the biological condition or functional capacity of the individual and of the social status that attaches to that biological condition
		disability advocacy groups in countries/regions affected by the operation of transnational groups should explore such strategies as the filing of litigation against transnational corporations operating in their countries to enforce the extraterritoriality provisions of disability law in those corporations’ home countries.
	www.independentliving.org /docs4/disberk0.html (11149 words)

	[No title]
		While medical intervention can be required by the individual at times, it is naive and simplistic to regard the medical system as the appropriate locus for disability related policy matters.
		Disability: Any restriction or lack (resulting from an impairment) of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
		Handicap: A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal, depending on age, sex, social and cultural factors, for that individual.
	www.michigan.gov /documents/Chapter_6_part_1_60159_7.doc (7305 words)

	UK-ED Entry: Marks
		Summary: The core criticism that Marks addresses is how Maheady's use of the medical model of disability to further perpetuate the image that disabilities are compromised functions and that nurses with disabilities may threaten patient safety because of this compromised function.
		After outlining the medical model, Marks suggests that the social model of disability is more appropriate.
		Marks challenges nurses to abandon the traditional medical model for the social model of disability, because of the medical model's oppressive and discriminatory nature.
	www.uky.edu /TLC/grants/uk_ed/literature/marks.html (216 words)

	our approach to access - Manchester Disabled People's Access Group (MDPAG)
		We work within the social model of disability, which was developed as a way of understanding and promoting more inclusive ways for disabled people to participate in society.
		For example, we would not consider a restaurant or coffee bar accessible, if a disabled person had to sit at a different table from their friends, colleagues or family, or if the tables and chairs were so high that a disabled person could not participate in any conversation at the same level.
		Acknowledgements: These versions of the social and medical models of disability have been developed from models developed by Unison NW and Pam Thomas.
	www.mdpag.org.uk /approach.htm (834 words)

	MEDICAL MODEL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		That disability is not like height, or race or your birth place, where you were born will always be where you were born, our height or race will never change, but whether or not you are one of the so called handicapped or disabled could change in the next twenty four hours.
		We pledge to help you in adapting to your disability whatever that may be and encouraging people to live life to the full within the limits of their disability.
		The medical model focuses on individual impairment, and on the treatment and other interventions which may be employed to reduce the impairment.
	ww.abilityjunction.com /id74.htm (330 words)

	Inclusion Week: articles: The social model of disability
		In schools and colleges our training at DEE has successfully encouraged staff to view the issue of including disabled children from a human rights and equality perspective rather than a focus on the child as faulty, which is a strong possibility under the 'special educational needs' framework in the UK.
		The 'medical model' of disability sees the disabled person as the problem.
		The difference is that some part, or parts, of your body or mind are limited in their functioning.
	inclusion.uwe.ac.uk /inclusionweek/articles/socmod.htm (901 words)

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