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Topic: Medieval India

	History of India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 21st century, India has made impressive gains in economic investment and output, and stands as the world's largest democracy with a population exceeding 1 billion, is self sufficient in terms of food, and is a fast-growing, economically strong country, with the fourth largest economy (PPP) in the world.
		The ports of southern India were involved in the Indian Ocean trade, chiefly involving spices, with the Roman Empire to the west and Southeast Asia to the east.
		The Slave dynasty managed to conquer large areas of northern India, approximate to the ancient extent of the Guptas, while the Khilji Empire was also able to conquer most of central India, but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering most of the subcontinent, until the onset of the Mughals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_India (6441 words)

	Kamat's Potpourri: Social Life in Medieval Deccan : Status of Women
		One would expect that in medieval times women were almost like domesticated pets caged in the house, considering all the equality and libertarian movements the mankind has gone though.
		This is an expression used contrary to the normal belief of a wife being worthy of her husband.
		The women of medieval Deccan were complimentary to men and not competitive in all fields and they together made a complete unit.
	www.kamat.com /jyotsna/women.htm (936 words)

	General bibliiography of pre-modern history in South Asia
		Basak, R. History of Northeast India, Extending From the Foundation of the Gupta Empire to the Rise of the Pala Dynasty of Bengal (c.
		The Eighteenth Century in India: Its Economy and the Role of the Marathas, the Jats, the Sikhs and the Afghans.
		Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis and the Village.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~dludden/pre-mod-bib.htm (4655 words)

	Muslim Fundamentalism in India: hostage to medieval concepts
		India continued to face violent communal disorder for decades even after the death of Waliullah in 1762.
		It is a fact that during the pre-partition years of turbulence in India, the JUH opposed the two nation-theory of Muslim League and partition of the country.
		However, if they think that they can install the rule of Allah as per their own interpretation in India in particular and world in general, they perhaps may not allow the people of their community to enjoy peaceful life, as democracy does not function on dictatorial concepts.
	www.saag.org /papers4/paper351.html (2212 words)

	IMAGE INDIA, Pictures, photographs, photos, images, Indian heritage, historic places, scenery, art, architecture, sites
		Unlike the portfolios of many others who have photographed or written about India, this is not intended to be a record of what is curious or bizarre; or another brilliantly detached survey of India's teeming crowds and impoverished citizens.
		On the contrary, I hope to make this a compilation of images that presents India's historical record in a way that is both illuminating and evocative, useful and intriguing for lay readers and professional scholars and historians alike.
		And then, (perhaps like me), you may conclude that some of the old paradigms concerning India need to be revised or updated, and that India's role in the march of civilization ought to be considered afresh.
	india_resource.tripod.com (675 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Books
		Look how comfortably historians contributing to this volume use the word "medieval" to refer to a slice of time that is lying in one corner of Indian history.
		One would imagine that the medieval India, with its reference to ‘middle’ would mean somewhere in the middle of Indian history, but the time period covered by the essays in this book covers just one recent corner of Indian history.
		After all, in the mind of Abul Fazl, the most important reporter of the emperor of India, it was necessary to clarify that the emperor was true to his own religion even though he interacted extensively with members of other religions.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2004/20040104/spectrum/book4.htm (715 words)

	Manas: History and Politics, British India
		British rule was justified, in part, by the claims that the Indians required to be civilized, and that British rule would introduce in place of Oriental despotism and anarchy a reliable system of justice, the rule of law, and the notion of 'fair play'.
		This was by far the greatest threat posed to the British since the beginnings of their acquisition of an empire in India in 1757, and within the space of a few weeks in May large swathes of territory in the Gangetic plains had fallen to the rebels.
		The East India Company was abolished, though John Stuart Mill, the Commissioner of Correspondence at India House, London, and the unacknowledged formulator of British policy with respect to the native states, furnished an elaborate but ultimately unsuccessful plea on behalf of the Company.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /southasia/History/British/BrIndia.html (998 words)

	Medieval India
		The medieval centuries of disorder and conquest, comparable in some ways to the situation in Europe after the decline of the western Roman Empire, were, how ever, in no way a period of universal disaster.
		India, with its wealth, numbers, and sophistication, was an irresistible target, and both Hinduism and Buddhism were seen as pagan creeds, to be conquered by the faith of the Prophet.
		India at first lay beyond the wave of Islamic conquests of the seventh century, which engulfed most of the Middle East and North Africa, but Arab traders continued to bring back samples of Indian wealth.
	www.stetson.edu /~psteeves/classes/ghazni.html (1635 words)

	History - Medieval India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		To perceptive Indians of Tipu's generation it was becoming clear that Medieval Indian society and polity would have to meet the challenge of Europe by casting itself in its mould.
		Beset by fratricidal feuds and petty bickering India had remained indifferent to the advent of Europeans but, now the time of reckoning could not be delayed.
		The languages that are spoken today in most parts of India are the ones that evolved and grew to maturity during the Mughal period.
	www.goindiago.com /history/medieval.htm (1623 words)

	Historiography of Medieval India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With the establishment of Muslim rule in India official and non-official chroniclers produced works covering all the dynasties of the Central Sultanate of Delhi (C. 1200-1526) as well as the dynasties of the various Muslim kingdoms that arose on the ashes of the Sultanate.
		The Medieval India Quarterly, the various texts and books edited and published under Aligarh Historical Series and the studies on Sufi saints may be recounted with a feeling of satisfaction.
		On the basis of the study of medieval chronicles, scholars like Ishwari Prasad and A.L. Srivastava arrived at the conclusion that the medieval age was a period of unmitigated suffering for the Hindus; to others like I.H. Qureshi and S.M. Jaffar it was an age of all-round progress and prosperity.
	voi.org /books/tlmr/ch2.htm (8686 words)

	SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY: India, Ancient, Medieval, Colonization, Philosophy, Culture, indian, art, science
		This essay traces the development of the physical sciences such as Physics and Chemistry in Ancient and Medieval India, identifying both the strengths and weaknesses of the Indian approach to the physical sciences, especially the failure of later Indian scientists to engage in experimentation and quantification of scientific observations.
		Literacy in British India in 1911 was only 6%, in 1931 it was 8%, and by 1947 it had crawled to 11%.
		India's rich legacy in the arts and architecture includes much that is secular and universalistic in its appeal.
	india_resource.tripod.com /sahistory.html (2879 words)

	India
		Medieval India, 1: Researchers in the History of India, 1200-1750.
		Rizvi, S.A.A. The Wonder That Was India, 2: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent from the Coming of the Muslims to the British Conquest, 1200-1700.
		India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography with a Chapter on Ceylon.
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/india/in_bibl.html (9246 words)

	THE NATURE OF CONFLICT IN MEDIEVAL INDIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Hindus of medieval India have not left many accounts of the numerous wars which they were forced to fight with Muslim invaders over a period of several hundred years.
		The tall tales told by medieval Muslim historians regarding the killing of cows and Brahmins, the molestation of maidens, the capture of booty and prisoners of war, and the conversion of Hindus by force should be taken with a fistful of salt.
		The very fact that India was still a Hindu majority country at the end of the long period of Muslim domination, should dispel all doubts that the use of force for religious purposes was an exception rather than the rule.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/siii/ch4.htm (2593 words)

	Review: Temple Destruction and Muslim States in Medieval India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Central to the diverse memories of Hindus and Muslims in India about the history of Hindu-Muslim relations are incidents or claims of the destruction of Hindu temples by Muslim rulers.
		Eaton thus seeks to dismiss the notion that various Muslim rulers in India wantonly engaged in destroying Hindu temples, allegedly driven by a ‘theology of iconoclasm’.
		In contrast, Eaton’s meticulous research leads him to believe that ‘the original data associate instances of temple desecration with the annexation of newly conquered territories held by enemy kings whose domains lay on the path of moving military frontiers.
	www.futureislam.com /20060103/review/yogisikand/temple_destruction.asp (1685 words)

	Urban Crafts & Craftsmen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		No study of medieval crafts will be adequate if the researcher concentrates exclusively on technology, forms of organization and economic relations, but forgets the people who were involved in these activities.
		Bearing this in mind the author undertakes the reconstruction of medieval craftsmen's socio-psychological profile and tries to denote the main features of his world outlook.
		The book may be of interest to the scholars and students of medieval Indian history, especially its economic, social and cultural aspects, and to all those who, in their thoughts and researches, try to situate medieval India in world history.
	www.coronetbooks.com /books/urba083x.htm (163 words)

	Maize in Pre-Columbian India
		Gupta’s earlier books, including Plant Myths and Traditions in India (1971), Vishnu and His Incarnations (1974), Legends around Shiva (1979), and Festivals, Fairs, and Fasts of India (1990), establish her as an authority on Indian mythology and, in particular, the role of plants in Indian mythology.
		The naga lingham, the flower of the South American and West Indian cannonball tree (Couroupita guaianensis Aubl.), was, according to Gupta, "cultivated in India from very early times." In her timeframe, this would mean very early pre-Columbian times.
		Note that although Sachan's article with Kumar (1993) provides genetic evidence for the antiquity of maize in India, thus independently corroborating the Johannessen and Parker hypothesis, the same Sachan (with Payak, 1988, 1993) curiously remains one of the most outspoken critics of J&P's identification of the sculptures.
	www.econ.ohio-state.edu /jhm/arch/maize.html (2097 words)

	Miscellenous ancient coins
		In 1857, a rebellion in northern India led by mutinous Indian soldiers caused the British Parliament to transfer all political power from the East India Company to the Crown.
		The Danes got their main trading post in India on the Coromandel coast, at the delta of the Cauvery river in 1620 (some 10 km North of the French enclave of Karikal and 30 of Negapatnam).
		The Portuguese captured the entire coastal territory along India's western and eastern coasts as well as the island of Sri Lanka in the early 16th century.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /india9.html (1695 words)

	Internet Indian History Sourcebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Sikhs are an Indian people, defined by their religion, who emerged in India during the centuries of Muslim political power (which accounts for the placement of these texts in the Sourcebook).
		Winston Churchill: Announcement to the House Of Commons of Sir Stafford Cripps' Mission to India, March 11, 1942.
		Government of India: Text of the Original "Quit India" Resolution Drafted by Gandhi and rejected by the All-India Congress Working Committee in favor of the modified version submitted by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the Gandhi Draft was Presented to the Committee on April 27, 1942 [At PHA]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/india/indiasbook.html (4248 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Archive Search
		Ms Kaur is under pressure to quit as head of the shiromani gurdwara prabandhak committee (SGPC), which controls key Sikh shrines across India.
		Last year in Begowal, a village in Punjab, India's richest state, Harpreet married 21-year-old Kamaljeet Singh in secret.
		For a country trying to position itself as a software superpower and a key player in the big league this century, the Harpreet murder case is a painful reminder that digital India must cope with medieval India.
	www.guardian.co.uk /Archive/Article/0,4273,4093632,00.html (586 words)

	Medieval India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Medieval India is the result of many waves of conquerors, the Aryans, killing and subjugating all the races they encountered along their nomadic rampages.
		For example a priest of the most powerful god Brahman would almost certainly be white, but a hedge priest to some agricultural or mercantile power could reasonable be yellow.
		Women in medieval India had few rights outside the home.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~schnarr/dragon/Hell_Glory/PC_7.html (367 words)

	Courtly Culture and Political Life in Early Medieval India - Cambridge University Press
		Courtly culture and political life in early medieval India / Daud Ali.
		Through both his teaching and published work, he conveyed to me one of the most important principles for historical research: that a close attention to one’s sources was not superflous to or inconsistent with thinking about theory and method, but in fact demanded it.
		The anonymous referee at Cambridge University Press, known to me only as ‘reader b’, provided what any author dreams of – a clear apprehension of the nature and significance of the arguments I was trying to make, with detailed and sustained criticism in light of those aims.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521816270&ss=fro (1833 words)

	Medieval India history, History of Medieval India, Medival India maps, India in 1030 Ad, Mughal Empire, The Cholas, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Medieval India history, History of Medieval India, Medival India maps, India in 1030 Ad, Mughal Empire, The Cholas, Marathas history
		India in 1030 AD The Chola Empire in 1100 AD India in 1236
		India in 1398 AD India on the Eve of Babur's Invasion in 1525 AD Sultanates of Deccan
	www.india-history.com /medival-india (70 words)

	Research links for medieval India \| SCAtoday.net
		Aoife brings us links about medieval India as she celebrates her new modern-world job at a yoga magazine publishing company.
		Free booters and plunderers from the harsh plains of central Asia and Persia descended upon the Indian subcontinent carrying in their hands the flag of Islam and in their hearts dreams of looting the vast and legendary treasures of the country and establishing great empires.
		The Indians were the first people, I believe, to have overcome the problems presented by steel and produced a weapon, which, while it may not have had the cast and range of its predecessor, the composite bow, was nevertheless a decidedly workable weapon.
	scatoday.net /node/view/3222 (1540 words)

	Oxford University Press: The State and Society in Medieval India: Grewal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is also a truly pan-Indian volume on medieval Indian history as it looks at state forms and social organizations among the Cholas, the Delhi Sultante, the Sultante of Bengal, Himachal, Kumaon and Garhwal, medieval Rajasthanm the Vijayanagar State, Kerala, the Mughal Empire, Marahastra, and the Punjab.
		The essays highlight the importance of the medieval period in Inidan history paying particular attention to the political, economic and social aspects.
		This is a comprehensive reference source on medieval Indian history which will be used by all students working on that period.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/India/~~/cHI9MTAmcGY9MCZzcz1wdWJkYXRlLmRlc2Mmc2Y9bmV3cmVjZW50JnNkPWFzYyZ2aWV3PXVzYSZjaT0wMTk1NjY3MjA0 (224 words)

	Palanquin - Mode of Transport in medieval India
		Palanquin - Mode of Transport in medieval India
		The Palanquin was used to be the conveyance for noble Indian ladies as well as for Indian landlords during medieval India.
		A very old form of transport in rural Bengal, the palanquin was carried by four to six sturdy young men.
	www.dollsofindia.com /product/SP14 (162 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Precolonial India in Practice
		Abstract: The desire to have their charitable deeds documented in permanent form led thousands of Hindu temple donors in the Andhra Pradesh region of South India to get the details of their gifts inscribed on stone pillars, rock slabs, and temple walls.
		Using these records of what people actually did, Cynthia Talbot reconstructs the precolonial past as it existed in practice during the era when India's distinctive regional societies were taking shape.
		It moves on to an in-depth analysis of the society, temples, and polity of the Kakatiya era (1175–1325) – a formative period in which the Telugu-speaking region was politically unified by the upland warriors who continued to dominate its society for centuries.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/religion/0195136616/toc.html (242 words)

	Coinage -- Medieval India Coinage
		Map of Medieval India, Courtesy Government of India
		The Arabs conquered Sindh in 712 AD and ruled it as a province of the Caliphate.
		These coins inspired the 'Single Swami' Pagodas of the Dutch and French and the 'Three Swami' Pagodas of the English East India Company.
	www.rbi.org.in /currency/museum/c-medi.html (661 words)

	VoS - Voice of the Shuttle
		Kamat's Potpourri: Timeline of India (items arranged by chronological period, with items linked to articles, plus images) (Krishnanand Kamat, et.
		Kelley L. Ross (Los Angeles Valley C.) Emperors of the Sangoku, the "Three Kingdoms," of India, China, & Japan (article covering the general history of rule in these countries, with images, tables, and maps)
		Sudheer Birodkar Ancient India's Contribution to Our World's Material (Temporal) Culture (e-book, with chapters on ancient technology, science, and culture, with numerou simages and citations within each article)
	vos.ucsb.edu /browse.asp?id=1396 (818 words)

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