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Topic: Medieval Islamic philosophy

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	Modern Islamic philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He argued that the basis of Islamic revival was the return to the intellectual dynamism that was the hallmark of the Islamic scholarly tradition (these ideas are outlined in Revival and Reform in Islam: A Study of Islamic Fundamentalism and his magnum opus, Islam).
		He sought to give philosophy a free-reign, and was keen on Muslims appreciating how the modern nation-state understood law, as opposed ethics; his view being that the shari'ah was a mixture of both ethics and law.
		He was critical of historical Muslim theologies and philosophies for failing to create a moral and ethical worldview based on the values derived from the Qur'an: 'moral values', unlike socioeconomic values, 'are not exhausted at any point in history' but require constant interpretation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modern_Islamic_philosophy (1404 words)

	Medieval philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Medieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe in the "era" now known as medieval or the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance.
		Though medieval philosophy is widely varied, one defining feature which distinguishes this period, in the western world, is the degree to which competing or contradictory philosophical views and systems were brought into dialogue with each other.
		Within Medieval philosophy, the question of whether God could be comprehended by the human mind was a key discussion and is still a large contrast between Orthodox and Catholic theology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medieval_philosophy (554 words)

	Medieval philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		The general character of medieval philosophy in the West is determined to a significant extent by historical events associated with the collapse of Roman civilization.
		Medieval philosophy, however, was also shaped by what was left to it and, in particular, by two pieces of the cultural legacy of late antiquity that survived the collapse of Roman civilization.
		For these reasons, scholarship in medieval philosophy is still in its early stages and remains a considerable distance from attaining the sort of authoritative and comprehensive view of its field now possessed by philosophical scholars of other historical periods with respect to their fields.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/B078#B078P9.6 (4948 words)

	Medieval Philosophy
		Medieval philosophy is conventionally construed as the philosophy of Western Europe between the decline of classical pagan culture and the Renaissance.
		Still, it is perhaps most useful not to think of medieval philosophy as defined by the chronological boundaries of its adjacent philosophical periods, but as beginning when thinkers first started to measure their philosophical speculations against the requirements of Christian doctrine and as ending when this was no longer the predominant practice.
		While the influence of classical pagan philosophy was crucial for the development of medieval philosophy, it is likewise crucial that until the twelfth and thirteenth centuries almost all the original Greek texts were lost to the Latin West, so that they exerted their influence only indirectly.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/medieval-philosophy (9039 words)

	Islamic philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		Islamic philosophy may be defined in a number of different ways, but the perspective taken here is that it represents the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.
		Islamic philosophy has always had a rather difficult relationship with the Islamic sciences, those techniques for answering theoretical questions which are closely linked with the religion of Islam, comprising law, theology, language and the study of the religious texts themselves.
		Political philosophy in Islam looked to Greek thinkers for ways of understanding the nature of the state, yet also generally linked Platonic ideas of the state to Qur’anic notions, which is not difficult given the basically hierarchical nature of both types of account (see Political philosophy in classical Islam).
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/H057 (2568 words)

	Islamic Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I would like to suggest why this philosophy has always made sense to its practitioners and how they have seen it as a coherent worldview that explains not only the nature of things, but also the manner in which people should live their lives.
		Chapter 2situates Islamic philosophy within Islamic thought, moves on to the philosophical worldview in general, and then addresses some of the broad philosophical issues, drawing both from Kashani and a few of his predecessors.
		Scholars of Islamic philosophy have traveled a similar route, which is to say that they have usually chosen the abstract over the concrete, the Latin and Greek over the everyday English.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/islamicphilosophy.htm (3071 words)

	Ancient Islamic (Arabic and Persian) Logic and Ontology
		Prantl, (1) the 19th-century writer on the history of logic in the West, noted that Arabic literature on logic was one of the main sources for the terminist logic (i.e., the logic of terms) of the medieval Western logicians - a view upheld by 20th century scholars on medieval philosophy.
		Whereas the study of medieval Western logic is now an established field of research, contributing both to modern philosophy of logic and to the intellectual history of the Middle Ages, the study of logic in the precolonial Islamic world is still barely in its infancy.
		Philosophy in Andalusia: Ibn Bajja and Ibn Tufayl by Josef Puig Montada 155; 9.
	www.formalontology.it /islamic-philosophy.htm (3345 words)

	Islamic Philosophy
		Leaman outlines this history and demonstrates that, although the development of Islamic philosophy is closely linked with Islam itself, its form is not essentially connected to religion, and its leading ideas and arguments are of general philosophical significance.
		This textbook is compiled for the purpose of introducing the students of the Islamic seminaries in Qom to the rudiments of Islamic philosophy.
		That is, Islamic philosophy starts from an acceptance of the premise that Existence, or reality, actually and already exists, external to and independent from ourselves as human beings, and it names the very Being of Existence itself as Allah.
	www.erraticimpact.com /~topics/html/islamic_philosophy.htm (1447 words)

	Philosophy
		Philosophy majors double-majoring in Philosophy, Politics and Law are expected to take at least one upper-level philosophy course not among those required by the Philosophy, Politics and Law major.
		Philosophy, Interpretation and Culture is an interdisciplinary philosophy graduate program leading to the MA and PhD degrees in philosophy, addressing the ways in which cultural forms of knowledge and expression shape and are shaped by human practices and experience.
		An undergraduate specialization in philosophy is desirable but not essential for admission; a broad background in the humanities and sciences, as well as philosophy, is considered a desirable preparation.
	www.binghamton.edu /bulletin/2000-2001/philosophy.html (4256 words)

	Medieval & Byzantine Studies
		M.A. in Medieval Studies, M.A. in Philosophy, Ph.D. in Philosophy (Plato) (Université Catholique de Louvain); B. Phil.
		Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, 33) (Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of
		“Al-Razi’s Ethics,” Medieval Philosophy and Theology, 6 (1997): 47-71;
	arts-sciences.cua.edu /mdst/faculty/druart-pub.cfm (1194 words)

	Wikinfo \| Modern Islamic philosophy
		Sayed Abul Ala Mawdudi who revived Islamist thought in the 20th century, and argued that science was itself merely re-discovering that all matter and energy obeys laws, and that Kafir claims that humankind was free of obligation to comprehend and obey such laws, had to be resisted by Muslims.
		Numerous attempts to reconcile Islamic sharia law with feminism and human rights norms of international law have been made, dating back to reform efforts in former Soviet Central Asia before 1920, when these regions enjoyed effective autonomy due to chaos in the Russian Civil War.
		In general, the first two trends are more commonly understood in the Islamic World whereas the latter, later, trends, are more known in non-Muslim and Muslim-minority nations, or ones receiving substantial aid from developed nations.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Modern_Islamic_philosophy (671 words)

	Islamic Philosophy Resources
		Study of the relationship between religion and politics in Islamic India (present-day Pakistan) and discusses the impact of the 1857 Mutiny, the influence of Islam and foreign sources on Pakistan.
		He does not take philosophy as probing into the substieties of speculation in which philosophers are interested, or knowing the reality of the disclosures made by the mystics in intuitive state of mind.
		Philosophy to him is a science that guides man in his living and towards attaining knowledge of sciences to be acquired by him.
	www.muslimphilosophy.com /ip/ipa.htm (2774 words)

	[No title]
		Harvey, Steven, “Islamic Philosophy and Jewish Philosophy,” in The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy, pp.
		Saliba, George, “Islamic Astronomy in Context: Attacks on Astrology and the Rise of the Hay’a Tradition,” Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies, 4 (2002): 25-46.
		Buijs, Joseph A., “Religion and Philosophy in Maimonides, Averroes, and Aquinas,” Medieval Encounters, 8 (2002): 160-83.
	arts-sciences.cua.edu /mdst/faculty/BBibl.02-04.doc (3954 words)

	Medieval Church.org.uk: Medieval Islamic Philosophy
		Majid Fakhry, A Short Introduction to Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Mysticism.
		Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science: Texts and Studies, Vol.28.
		Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science: Texts and Studies.
	www.medievalchurch.org.uk /phil_islamic.php (131 words)

	SUNY Press :: Principles of Epistemology in Islamic Philosophy, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This book aims to present to western philosophers the most important theme in Islamic epistemology: knowledge by presence, the knowledge that results from immediate and intuitive awarenes, advocated by the author as a viable modern philosophical position.
		Treating the subject in a thoroughly philosophical manner that is comprehensible to contemporary analytical philosophers, he remains faithful to the Islamic tradition.
		He has a deep and wide understanding of Medieval Islamic Philosophy as well as knowledge of modern analytical techniques and methods.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=52382 (296 words)

	Adventures in Philosophy: A Brief History of Medieval Philosophy
		Histories of medieval philosophy tend to start with St. Augustine (354-430), if not earlier, but Augustine was of the late Roman Empire, centuries before the Middle Ages, and is included in such works not because he was a medieval thinker but because he cast such a long shadow across medieval philosophy.
		Still Christianity and philosophy, though moving on different planes -- the former on the plane of revelation and the latter on that of reason -- cannot be foreign to one another.
		But philosophy, understood as the science which resolves the question of life, is also faced with these same problems, which were confronted and in part resolved by Greek philosophy.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphilmedieval.htm (847 words)

	Adventures in Philosophy: A Brief History of Islamic Philosophy
		Islamic philosophy is showing signs of significant recovery and with the emergence of an integrated worldview, it will be a viable discipline.
		In the modern context it is important, for Islamic thought at least, to reassert itself clearly and define its parameters upon which a modern Islamic epistemology can be built.
		The work of European and American philosophers cannot be ignored, and their criticism should be used to recreate the vigor of Islamic philosophy which has been lost over the past few centuries.
	radicalacademy.com /adiphilislamessay7.htm (903 words)

	Al-Ghazali: from History of Islamic Philosophy
		It not only means that al-Ghazali studied and assimilated philosophy deeply, being aware of its theoretical glamour and its structural strength, but also it leads us to believe that philosophy must have had at least an indirect influence even on his mystical thought.
		Moreover, although al-Ghazali, who was essentially a theologian, a mystic and a jurist, fought sharply against philosophy, trying to demonstrate its contradictions, it would be misleading not to recognize that his mysticism and theology are not simply practical and religious doctrines but have a noticeable theoretical depth.
		Dogmatically, philosophy is as dangerous as Isma‘ilism, and in the Tahafut al-Ghazali intends to demonstrate that philosophers are unable to prove, from a theoretical point of view, the religious truths.
	www.ghazali.org /articles/gz2.htm (6409 words)

	Phil 214: Medieval Islamic Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This course in Medieval Islamic Philosophical Thought is a graduate level introduction to the philosophical thought of a culture which is at once starkly different from Western Christian culture and at the same time steeped in the same religious (Abrahamic) and philosophical (Greek) traditions as Western thought.
		To penetrate some key issues in medieval Islamic philosophical thought with critical philosophical depth appropriate to graduate level study.
		In our Department we have often found that, when the critical philosophical skills of our graduate students are applied to a new area of research and thought, often new and interesting insights result and sometimes these find their way into converences as presentations and into print as publications as professional journal articles.
	homepage.mac.com /mistertea/Personal37.html (3069 words)

	Probing in Islamic Philosophy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Probing in Islamic Philosophy brings together a number of important articles, primarily on the thought of Avicenna and Ghazali, by world-renown authority of Islamic philosophy Michael E. Marmura.
		Overemphasis of this influence, however, can distract from treating the Islamic philosophers in their own right, that is, as philosophers who have developed ideas of their own that are intrinsic in value.
		It concludes with a discussion of the issues that divided the Islamic theologians, namely whether the value of a moral act is intrinsic to it or whether it is solely derived from the religious law.
	www.binghamton.edu /academicpublishing/bookhtml/1-58684-254-4.html (610 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Arts, Learning, and Knowledge (Philosophy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		He attempted to show how Al-Ghazali's objections to philosophy were based on his misunderstanding of Aristotle's ideas and their effect on Islamic philosophy.
		This complex debate between philosophy and theology was a major issue during the medieval period of learning in the Islamic world.
		The eight featured here by no means exhaust the list of notable Islamic scholars; while formidable in their achievements, they represent only a small percentage of all those who helped the medieval Islamic world become the most intellectually advanced region in the world at that time.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/learning/phil.html (461 words)

	The Influence of Islamic Thought on Maimonides
		To be sure, various Islamic philosophers differ on the precise nature of the active intellect and, as such, the precise details of this process as it pertains to the human intellect.
		It is clear that Maimonides own work falls within the trajectory of these Islamic political philosophies, and it is in their spirit that we must work towards understanding his own thoughts on the relation between philosophy and religion.
		For his Islamic predecessors it is, of course, Muhammad who plays this operative role as the virtous lawgiving prophet able to lead a community to virtue through the creative imagery and persuasions of religion through the imaginative and rhetorically persuasive imageries of the Quran.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/maimonides-islamic (12125 words)

	BRILL
		Brass astrolabes were highly developed in the Islamic world of the 8th century and later, chiefly as an aid to navigation and as a way of finding the direction of Mecca.
		All those interested in medieval Islamic philosophy, theology, ethics, jurisprudence and political theory, as well as contemporary ethical debates in Islam.
		Using the most extensive collection hitherto of his published and unpublished writings, this volume provides a comprehensive, in-depth and interdisciplinary study of the ethical philosophy of al-Rāzī (1149–1210), a most outstanding and influential medieval philosopher-theologian.
	www.brill.nl /product.asp?ID=22406 (343 words)

	The University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Classics and Mediterranean Studies
		Medieval Arabic-Islamic Philosophy (particularly Avicenna and the Avicennan Tradition); Graeco-Arabic translation movement in medieval Islam (social and political contexts); Arabic history and historiography (Mamluk period); Arabic codicology and paleaography; medieval Arabic grammar and literary theory.
		With Jamil Ragep, "Islamic Science and Natural Philosophy in Cultural Context," in The Cambridge History of Science Vol.
		Current research includes a book length study of pseudepigraphy and forgery in medieval Arabic-Islamic philosophy, with particular attention to the putative correspondence between Avicenna and the mystic Abu Sa'id ibn Abi l-Khayr; and a critical edition, translation and commentary of Ibn Ridwan's "Useful Book of Medicine", an 11th c.
	www.uic.edu /las/clas/David_Reisman.html (266 words)

	Islam & Philosophy
		Significant non-Greek, indigenous resources within Islamic philosophy, such as Sufism and the school of Illumination, have come into sharper focus recently as well traditions that had minimal impact on European thinkers, but that nonetheless were --and are --enormously influential within the intellectual world of Islam.
		Today there is a growing awareness that Islamic philosophy constitutes a vital, preeminent tradition in its own right, one that needs to be approached not just from the perspective of its European beneficiaries, but on its own terms.
		Oliver Leaman is Professor of Philosophy and Zantker Professor of Judaic Studies at the University of Kentucky.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /AcademicAffairs/programs/humanities_institute/2002-2003/current.html (998 words)

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