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Topic: Medieval music

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	Medieval music - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It should be noted that music notation existed in the ancient world–for example Greece–but the ability to read and write this notation was lost around the fifth century, as was all of the music that went with it.
		The music of the troubadours and trouvères was a vernacular tradition of monophonic secular song, probably accompanied by instruments, sung by professional, occasionally itinerant, musicians who were as skilled as poets as they were singers and instrumentalists.
		Music historians do not agree on when the Renaissance era began, but most historians agree that England was still a medieval society in the early fifteenth century (see a discussion of periodization issues of the Middle Ages).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medieval_music (4176 words)

	ORB -- Introduction to Medieval Music
		Yet the music that does survive forms a sumptuous legacy, ranging from the sacred to the profane and from monophonic texture with a single melody sung alone to the richly polyphonic with several independent voices operating simultaneously.
		Hildegard's musical languages falls outside of the traditional modal practice of her day, which some have attributed to her lack of traditional musical training, but her literary efforts were sanctioned by the Pope, and the care with which her manuscripts were created reflects the respect she had within her community.
		Medieval composers who worked for the church took their status principally from their post as choirmember, priest, prelate, or nun; composing was usually incidental to their other duties.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /~cyrus/ORB/orbmusic.htm (4787 words)

	Medieval Music
		Medieval music was an integral part of everyday life for the people of that time period.
		It was believed in those days that medieval music was not only delightful to the ears, but it also helped in the digestion of food, hence the reason for music at mealtimes.
		The music of Medieval times was very important to the listeners of that era, whether it be for special celebrations, holidays, or for something as simple as eating a meal.
	www.medieval-life.net /music.htm (242 words)

	Medieval Music of Cyprus
		Cypriot musical culture reached a climax during Janus's reign, when the music of the island developed a style of its own quite independent from that of the mainland; for though the influence of Ars Subtilior cannot be denied, additional elements emphasised in word and tone, the island's peculiarities and mannerisms.
		It is to Janus himself that we owe our knowledge of this rich music: Janus's daughter Anna upon her marriage to Louis, Count of Geneva, took with her a thick manuscript, written between 1413 and 1426, remains as the solitary, silent witness of the music heard at the court of Nicosia.
		A singular characteristic of Cypriot music is the melodically varied use of sequence: that is, the repetition of a single motive or melody at different tonal levels.
	www.cypnet.com /.ncyprus/culture/music/medieval/index.html (1501 words)

	ORB -- Medieval Music Glossary
		Medieval music did not use bar lines or have modern-day expectations of emphasis, but much of the music from the late twelfth century and after did have regular meter.
		The medieval motet is a polyphonic genre which originated in the thirteenth century in which the upper voice or voices are texted (usually syllabically) and the bottom voice, the tenor, is untexted.
		Each of the two musical sections had a refrain text which came back at the end of the poem, but the two halves of the refrain had to be separable, for in the middle of the poem three statements of the opening music appeared together.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /~cyrus/ORB/orbgloss.htm (6352 words)

	Medieval Music: Birth of Polyphony
		Further, medieval musicians and composers didn't feel the need to stamp what works they did write down with their name, as would be unthinkable for any modern artist.
		From this evolution, the major scared forms of medieval music were created: the medieval motet and pieces composed for the various parts of the ordinary and proper mass.
		With the primitive harmony of the late medieval ages, medieval secular music consisted of the three form fixees (ballade, virelai, and rondeau), caccia, ballata, and the medieval madrigal.
	www.stanford.edu /~jrdx/medieval.html (1220 words)

	Medieval Music History — Sounds of the Times Truly Set it Apart
		Pieces of sacred music were meant to add a richness and depth to the church experience and help add a “heavenly” tone to services.
		Medieval music history has preserved many of these melodies, which are known to be quite serene.
		While much of what actually was played is lost to medieval music history due to the folk nature of the musicians involved, it is believed music played a role in life that was strong and rich.
	www.medieval-castle-siege-weapons.com /medieval-music-history.html (482 words)

	Medieval Music
		Secular music of the medieval period was the domain of minstrels, minnesingers, troubadours and trouvères.
		Secular music of the time was monophonic, syllabic with short melismas, and unaccompanied with instruments used only for intros, postludes, and occasionally heterophony.
		The music emphasizes major tonality rather than one of the church modes, with a full sounding texture, harmonic unity, and use of thirds and sixths as consonances.
	www.stevenestrella.com /composers/medieval.html (1073 words)

	Sheet Music Digital - Middle Ages - Medieval Sacred Music
		It should be noted that music notation existed in the ancient world--for example Greece--but the ability to read and write this notation was lost around the fifth century, as was all of the music that went with it.
		Sometimes this music is called the Parisian school, or Parisian organum, and represents the beginning of what is conventionally known as the ars antiqua.
		Most of the music of the ars nova was French in origin; however, the term is often loosely applied to all of the music of the fourteenth century, especially to include the secular music of Landini in Italy.
	www.dalymusic.com /medievalsacredmusic.asp (954 words)

	The Medevial Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Medieval Era is the longest and most remote period of musical history.
		It is important to note that this musical era consists of almost a thousand years worth of music.
		Early Medieval music notation did not look like the notation that is used in present day music.
	library.thinkquest.org /15413/history/history-med.htm (313 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies -- Music Index
		The Medieval Mass and Its Music, by Joseph Dyer.
		The Medieval Lyric, a variety of materials for teaching medieval song (check the site index for details); a CD-ROM is also available for purchase.
		CANTUS: Medieval music database : a searchable index of chant from a number of manuscript and early printed sources.
	the-orb.net /encyclop/culture/music/musindex.html (243 words)

	A Selection of Medieval Music
		Although the Medieval era stretches back centuries, and indeed plainchant repertories go back much farther, the starting point for this survey will be the early polyphonic music and contemporaneous monophonic songs of the 12th century.
		Polyphonic music based on liturgical usage will once again become the driving force in musical developments in the late 15th century.
		French secular music at the end of the 14th century became unusually intricate, both in terms of rhythm and harmony.
	www.medieval.org /emfaq/beginlst/medieval.htm (1279 words)

	Medieval Period
		Plainchant: The earliest music of the Middle Ages was sung slowly and without rhythm or harmony.
		Most of the music of the early Middle Ages was written for the Catholic Church.
		At first almost all the music that was written down was sacred music for the Catholic Church.
	www.empire.k12.ca.us /capistrano/Mike/capmusic/medieval/medieval.htm (663 words)

	Sheet Music Digital - Middle Ages - Medieval Secular Music
		The music of the troubadors and trouvères was a vernacular tradition of monophonic secular song, probably accompanied by instruments, sung by professional, occasionally itinerant, musicians who were as skilled as poets as they were singers and instrumentalists.
		The music of the trouvères was similar to that of the troubadors, but was able to survive into the thirteenth century unaffected by the war of extermination against the Albigenses.
		Probably they were performed by traveling actors and musicians, and the musical elements may be the closest surviving relatives of the lost popular music of the period.
	www.dalymusic.com /medievalsecularmusic.asp (614 words)

	Medieval Music
		Since monophonic music (monody) was part of the Jewish and Eastern traditions, it is likely that the early Christian church retained this use of sacred vocal music, despite some speculation about Christian reaction against its roots.
		With clarity in music being considered primary, the chants were restored to their ancient form, but more rhythmic (proportional) chant also resulted.
		The Mass is a reenactment of the Last Supper celebrated daily in churches and monasteries (and musically becomes a genre).
	www.wsu.edu /~delahoyd/medieval/chant.html (1546 words)

	The Middle Ages -- Arts & Entertainment: Medieval Music
		One of the earliest major centers of polyphonic music was at Notre Dame in Paris.
		Another important aspect of medieval music is that, for the first time, we have written-down notation and composer attributions.
		When the dull nights of winter arrived, and during periods of time when the nobles were isolated from the poor during the plague, people sang songs and told stories, many about love and romance, some of them humorous, heroic, and sometimes bawdy, to pass the time.
	www.learner.org /exhibits/middleages/moremusic.html (294 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Medieval English Music: Music: John Plummer,Anonymous,Traditional,Hilliard Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		But it was not that had no knowledge of what was to come, for I knew that it was choral music, composed in the medieval period.
		I am not quite sure whether the music is sung in Latin or old French, but given the time of the compositions, and the English heritage of the performances, I am willing to conjecture "old French", since the period of history - around 1350 - saw a French aristocracy in England.
		Most of the music (a capella choral) is quite otherworldly and, well, medieval sounding; specifically, for most part, the performances are in archaic (non tempo specific) styles, and old music scales, although, the music is still very inspiring.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Medieval-English-Music-John-Plummer/dp/B000027NZC (839 words)

	Bards, Music, and Arthurian Legend
		He was a harp; all life that he had known and that was his consciousness was the strings; and the flood of music was a wind that poured against those strings and set them vibrating with memories and dreams.
		Past, present, and future mingled; and he went on oscillating across the broad, warm world, through high adventure and noble deeds to Her--ay, and with her, winning her, his arm about her, and carrying her on in flight across the empery of his mind.
		The broadside ballad, "a pleasaunte history of an adventurus knyghte of knygges Arthurs Couurte" was licensed by a Richard Jones in 1565-66.
	www.uidaho.edu /student_orgs/arthurian_legend/game/music/arthur.htm (515 words)

	Collectors Post - Medieval Drama Links, Page 5
		This is a collection of facsimiles both of pages from the original manuscript and of a transcription of the music made in 1922 of what is thought to be the largest collection of solo songs to have survived from the Middle Ages.
		There are samples of music contained in an early fifteenth-century Cypriot manuscript, now in the collection of the National Library of Turin, Italy.
		A useful overview of the music of the period with references to CD recordings.
	www.collectorspost.com /Catalogue/medramalinks5.htm (462 words)

	Evolution of the Medieval Book
		In the Middle Ages, music was used in worship above all, and it constituted an integral part of the liturgy.
		Known more commonly as "Gregorian" chant, this style of liturgical music developed during the Carolingian Renaissance as the fusion of Gallican and Roman traditions.
		In the ninth century plainchant became associated with St. Gregory the Great (pope from 590 to 604), but this connection was merely a pious legend used to justify the innovation.
	rmc.library.cornell.edu /medievalbook/medieval_music.htm (151 words)

	Medieval Music
		This worksheet introduces pupils to Medieval music and looks at the main indoor and outdoor instruments.
		Latin words are provided for pupils to set music to the words - a simple composition task for group work.
		Any teacher or student of music may reproduce the scheme of work and worksheets in print, without electronic reformatting, provided that each resource copied has this copyright notice attached.
	www.musicatschool.co.uk /year_8/medieval_worksheets.htm (95 words)

	SCA Medieval and Renaissance Music Homepage
		Western European music in the SCA period has long been studied under the name `early music.' There are many groups which perform such music and many sources should be available in a good library.
		Dance Music is mostly covered in the SCA Dance Homepage.
		The Notation Of Polyphonic Music, 900-1600 (Willi Apel)
	www.pbm.com /~lindahl/music.html (723 words)

	Medieval Music for Mandolin
		Medieval Music for Mandolin Book/CD Vol II Renaisasnce Music for Mandolin Book/CD Music of Spain and South America for Mandolin
		The music is presented in both music notation and Mandolin TAB (for people that do not read music).
		There are chords with the music and at the end of the book, there are examples of what the guitar is doing for many of the tunes in both tablature and notation.
	home.earthlink.net /~guitarandlute/medieval_mandolin.html (901 words)

	Medieval Music
		Prior to that time, HallDream was Culture Music and Ingefex Productions, but has been dedicated to releasing music by Aelfric in any style, whether it is retro as in ancient folk music, or retro as in old skool techno.
		Aelfric is a professional musician and music teacher, as well as one of the leading experts on the Germanic harp.
		The music of pre-conversion England and Old Frisia, eerily evocative in it's ability to speak to some long-lost yet never forgotten depth of the folk soul.
	www.geocities.com /medieval_music (765 words)

	Gregorian Chant Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		CANTUS PLANUS, is the study group of the International Musicological Society devoted to medieval chant research, including all the traditions of Eastern and Western Christianity.
		NOTA QUADRATA, at the University of Toronto, Canada, focuses on the study of medieval music notation.
		LEXICON MUSICUM LATINUM (Dictionary of Medieval Latin Musical Terminology to the End of the 15th Century), bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (München), mit anderen Informationen zur Musiktheorie des Mittelalters.
	www.music.princeton.edu /chant_html (1211 words)

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