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Topic: Medieval warm period

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	Middle Ages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spread of Christianity in the Migrations Period, both from the Mediterranean area and from Ireland, occasioned a pre-eminent cultural and ideological role for its abbots, and the collapse of a res publica meant that the bishops became identified with the remains of urban government.
		Indeed, throughout this period the Byzantine Empire was in decline, having peaked in influence during the Early Middle Ages.
		In England the change of monarchs which occurred on 22 August 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth is often considered to mark the end of the period, Richard III representing the old medieval world and the Tudors, a new royal house and a new historical period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medieval (3264 words)

	Medieval Warm Period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or Medieval Climate Optimum was an unusually warm period during the European Medieval period, lasting from about the 10th century to about the 14th century.
		Initial research on the MWP and LIA was largely done in Europe, where the phenomenon was most obvious and clearly documented.
		The core clearly shows a distinctly cold period about 1000-1100 AD, nicely illustrating the fact that "MWP" is a moveable term, and that during the "warm" period there were, regionally, periods of both warmth and cold.
	www.birmingham.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Medieval_Warm_Period (800 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		The terms “Little Ice Age” and “Medieval Warm Period” have been used to describe two past climate epochs in Europe and neighbouring regions during roughly the 17th to 19th and 11th to 14th centuries, respectively.
		Thus current evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this timeframe, and the conventional terms of “Little Ice Age” and “Medieval Warm Period” appear to have limited utility in describing trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.
		Regional evidence for medieval warmth elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere is so variable that eastern, yet not western, China appears to have been warm by 20th century standards from the 9th to 13th centuries.
	www.pnl.gov /aisu/pubs/eemw/papers/ipccreports/workinggroup1/070.htm (1340 words)

	Research casts doubt on global warming theory - theage.com.au
		From the outset of the global warming debate in the late-1980s, environmentalists have said that temperatures were rising faster than before, leading some scientists to conclude that greenhouse gases from cars and power stations were causing record temperatures.
		Simon Brown, the climate extremes research manager at Britain's Meteorological Office, said that the consensus among scientists on the climate change panel was that the medieval warm period could not be used to judge the significance of existing warming.
		Dr Brown said: "The conclusion that 20th century warming is not unusual relies on the assertion that the medieval warm period was a global phenomenon.
	www.theage.com.au /articles/2003/04/06/1049567563628.html (692 words)

	Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age Myths
		It is claimed that we had the so-called Medieval Warm Period (1000-1300 AD), with temperatures allegedly comparable with the present temperatures, followed by the Little Ice Age (1400-1900) with excessively low temperatures.
		The only period in the past 2000 years, or so, was the last 100 years during which we had a rapidly increasing trend leading to temperatures distinctly higher than before.
		The temperature difference between the beginning and the end of the 900-years period was the result of the falling trend had nothing to do with a periodic change.
	home.iprimus.com.au /nielsens/medieval.html (1280 words)

	Lecture 28 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Rather, it was punctuated by periods of rapid warming and sea level rise interrupted by cool periods of reduced melting of glaciers and slower rates of sea level rise.
		The warming trend of the last deglaciation also peaked about 5000 to 6000 years ago during the Holocene climatic optimum (or hypsithermal) when average global temperatures were 1 to 2° C higher than today.
		The Medieval warm period was followed by the Little Ice Age (about 1400 to 1850 A.D.) when average global temperatures were 0.5° C lower than today and mountain glaciers expanded.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2001spring/geol/018/001/SLecture28.html (620 words)

	Medieval warm period - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		Temperatures were known to be warm in Europe between 900 and 1100, what is known as the Medieval Warm Period.
		The Viking's settling down at the beginning of the warm period was significant to history in Europe.
		Global warming will add further spice to our pot of social problems, since a massive movement of people in search of a shelter from the inclement weather is expected to occur when the problem reaches a certain threshold.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?p=72354#post72354 (2938 words)

	NEW ON THE SEPP WEB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		To keep their political juggernaut alive, therefore, they had to "deep-six" the concept of both the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age, in order to imbue their program with a semblance of rationality; and they saw the perfect opportunity to do so in a pair of papers published by Mann et al.
		Now, however, thanks to the meticulous and careful work of Esper et al., both of these unique climatic periods have been resurrected, and they stand as stronger and healthier witnesses than ever to the intellectual bankruptcy of the climate-alarmist claim that the warming of the past century is CO2-induced.
		Briffa and Osborn also note that Esper et al.'s record clearly shows that the warming of the 20th century was actually "a continuation of a trend that began at the start of the 19th century." In addition, the Esper et al.
	www.sepp.org /NewSEPP/Medieval_Warm_period_and_Little_Ice_age.htm (912 words)

	NOAA Paleoclimatology Global Warming - The Data
		This "Medieval Warm Period" or "Medieval Optimum," was generally believed to extend from the 9th to 13th centuries, prior to the onset of the so-called "Little Ice Age."
		In contrast, the evidence for a global (or at least northern hemisphere) "Little Ice Age" from the 15th to 19th centuries as a period when the Earth was generally cooler than in the mid 20th century has more or less stood the test of time as paleoclimatic records have become numerous.
		The idea of a global or hemispheric "Medieval Warm Period" that was warmer than today however, has turned out to be incorrect.
	www.ncdc.noaa.gov /paleo/globalwarming/medieval.html (341 words)

	Medieval Climate Not So Hot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		A common argument for the existence of a global Medieval Warm Period is that the solar radiation hitting Earth's atmosphere, or solar irradiance, was as high in medieval time as in the 20th century.
		Global warming is condemned as a bad thing that threatens all life on the planet and, yet, the Renaissance is attributed to a period of global warming that allowed people to get out of dark, damp houses filled with exhaust gases from fires and lamps and get into the sunshine.
		With regards to the Medieval Warm period studies, the debate is raging at the scientific level (which is one reason that the study highlighted by the press release at the top of this thread was published, written by several tree-ring experts at the Laboratory for Tree Ring Studies, link to their home page already posted).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1005051/posts (5943 words)

	THE "MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		This postulated period has been called the Medieval Warm Period, and is widely believed to have been followed by the Little Ice Age.
		However, consistent features are a cooling tendency in the early and mid- 17th century, and a warm period between the mid-12th and early 14th centuries.
		Ice core evidence is being treated with caution, although it suggests warming during the early centuries of the second millennium.
	archive.greenpeace.org /climate/database/records/zgpz0231.html (338 words)

	20th Century Global Warming Unprecedented (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Paleoclimatologists, using a compilation of available data from around the Northern Hemisphere, have confirmed that 20th century global warming is unprecedented relative to the last 1200 years.
		Overpeck also said that the so-called Medieval Warm Period, a period from the 9th to 14th centuries that is commonly thought to be as warm or warmer than today, may not have been what it seemed after all.
		Overpeck's work, building on that of others, suggests that there was no global Medieval Warm period, and that the patterns of climate change during that time indicate that changes in North Atlantic circulation might have been the cause of observed regional warming.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/InNews/warming.htm (369 words)

	[No title]
		Jean Grove and Roy Switsur writing on "Glacial Geological Evidence for the Medieval Warm Period" summarized their findings: "The results suggest that it was a GLOBAL EVENT occurring between about 900 and 1250 A.D., possibly interrupted by a minor readvance of ice between about 1050 and 1150 A.D." (my capitalization).
		The striking aspect of both the earlier warming and the later one is the rapid increase in population.
		During the cold period of the Mini Ice Age (1300-1800) it grew 0.034 percent annually slower than other wise would be expected and during the Medieval Warm Period it grew slightly faster than expected (0.001 percent).
	rpuchalsky.home.att.net /sci_env/moore/moore_rebuttal.txt (849 words)

	Medieval warm period - Page 2 - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		However, without looking at that angle, any measured warming cannot be declared a result of greenhouse gases, because the Sun may be the reason for the warming.
		I fear what could happen is in fact there may be some warming due to a warming Sun (recent solar activity seems to indicate that trend) and global warming advocates will point to that warming as evidence for their theory when in fact it might have very little to do with greenhouse gases.
		I still argue that you cannot demonstrate global warming is caused by greenhouse gases without establishing the contribution from the Sun first.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?p=72986#post72986 (3988 words)

	USATODAY.com - Tree rings show Earth was warm 800 years ago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		While the natural greenhouse effect keeps the Earth at a liveable temperature, the enhanced greenhouse effect is blamed on an increase in the atmosphere of gases, principally carbon dioxide, from the burning of fossil fuels.
		Cook said the study found that, based on the growth of rings in the trunks of trees that lived hundreds of years ago, the temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period were about equal to the warming trend that started in the 20th century.
		Based on the new tree-ring data, however, he said the warming could be in the lower part of the temperature range forecast by the group.
	www.usatoday.com /news/science/climate/2002-02-03-tree-rings.htm (622 words)

	History & Econ 11/96
		During the two warm periods shown in the chart mankind prospered, while during the cold humans suffered.
		In Europe and the Near East, the first warm period produced a technological revolution -- the use of bronze, the fermentation of wine, and the invention of writing.
		The medieval warm period, which started a century earlier in Asia, benefited the rest of the globe as well.
	www.stanford.edu /~moore/HistoryEcon.html (1174 words)

	20th Century Warming Not Unprecedented, Experts Testify - by David Wojick - The Heartland Institute
		The MWP is thought to have occurred from roughly the year 800 to1300, and the LIA from 1300 to 1900.
		Advocates of the man-made warming theory, such as Mann and his colleagues, are climate change skeptics--that is, they believe the historical record says climate has been relatively stable compared to today, and that the twentieth century warming is anomalous, due to human influence, and deeply troubling.
		They contend that local periods of warming and cooling, while large, were not synchronous, so they do not represent true “climate change.” Over the past 10 years they have developed a number of statistical techniques to support their claims.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=12888 (1168 words)

	Vikings During the Medieval Warm Period - Influence of Dramatic Climate Shifts on European Civilizations: The Rise and ...
		Vikings During the Medieval Warm Period - Influence of Dramatic Climate Shifts on European Civilizations: The Rise and Fall of the Vikings and the Little Ice Age
		Vikings travelling to Iceland from Norway during the MWP were probably encouraged by the sight of pastures with sedges and grasses and dwarf woodlands of birch and willow (Fig.
		During the MWP, Greenland's climate was so cold that cattle breeding and dairy farming could only be carried on in the sheltered fiords.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /mandias/lia/vikings_during_mwp.html (480 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Climate 'warmest for millennium'
		The analysis confirmed periods of significant warmth in the Northern Hemisphere from AD 890 - 1170 (the so-called "Medieval Warm Period") and for much colder periods from 1580 - 1850 (the "Little Ice Age").
		The UEA team showed that the present warm period is the most widespread temperature anomaly of any kind since the ninth century.
		It is a period of widespread warmth affecting nearly all the records that we analysed from the same time," co-author Timothy Osborn told the BBC.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4698652.stm (505 words)

	RealClimate » Medieval Warm Period ("MWP")
		Period of relative warmth in some regions of the Northern Hemisphere in comparison with the subsequent several centuries.
		As with the LIA, the attribution of the term at regional scales is complicated by significant regional variations in temperature changes, and the utility of the term in describing regional climate changes in past centuries has been questioned in the literature.
		These include the citation of the cultivation of vines in Medieval England, and the settlement of Iceland and southwestern Greenland about 1000 years ago, as evidence of unusual warmth at this time.
	www.realclimate.org /index.php?p=33 (303 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Earth has normal cycles, tree ring study finds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		WASHINGTON — An unusually warm period a millennium ago may have been part of a natural planetary cycle, researchers say in a study of tree rings that scrutinizes the link between human activity and climate.
		The study, appearing Friday in the journal Science, analyzed ancient tree rings from 14 sites on three continents in the Northern Hemisphere and concluded that temperatures in an era known as the Medieval Warm Period some 800 to 1,000 years ago closely matched the warming trend of the 20th century.
		In recent years, many climate scientists have said an unprecedented warming spell that began last century and continues is caused by the Greenhouse effect.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,380007754,00.html (600 words)

	Media Monitor - Global Warming Claims Refuted - May 21, 2003
		By starting from a period in which the Earth was relatively cold, this skews their data and exaggerates the significance of current temperature increases.
		One advocate said that "the present consensus of scientists on the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was that the Medieval Warm Period could not be used to judge the significance of existing warming." He didn't explain why.
		Global warming skeptics also remind us that the Medieval Warm Period was a time of plenty, but when temperatures started to drop severe famine and economic collapse followed.
	www.aim.org /media_monitor/A347_0_2_0_C/sendpage/sendpage/index.php (593 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| 20th century climate not so hot, study shows
		The review also confirmed that the Medieval Warm Period of 800 to 1300 A.D. and the Little Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited to the European and North American continents.
		The climatic notion of a Little Ice Age interval from 1300 to1900 A.D. and a Medieval Warm Period from 800 to 1300 A.D. appears to be rather well-confirmed and wide-spread, despite some differences from one region to another as measured by other climatic variables like precipitation, drought cycles, or glacier advances and retreats.
		Tree ring summer temperatures showed a warm interval from 950 A.D. to 1100 A.D. in the northern high latitude zones, which corresponds to the "Medieval Warm Period." Another database of tree growth from 14 different locations over 30-70 degrees north latitude showed a similar early warm period.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0304/05climate (1142 words)

	The Hockey Stick: A New Low in Climate Science
		Carbon 14 isotopes are used as a proxy for solar activity prior to 1600 AD and this indicates a high level of solar activity during the medieval period, resulting in climatic warmth, and also a reduced level of activity during a cold period called the `Sporer Minimum' centered around 1350 AD.
		That places the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age as existing throughout the North Atlantic Basin, from the tropics, to the Americas to Europe and the far North Atlantic to Greenland.
		It is inconceivable that two major climatic events of the last millennium, the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age, could be observed at the same points in time in such varied locations and with such a variety of proxies, around the world and yet be missed by Mann's study.
	www.john-daly.com /hockey/hockey.htm (8178 words)

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