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Topic: Medieval climate optimum

Related Topics

MWP and LIA in IPCC reports

Medieval warm period

Little Ice Age

Temperature record of the past 1000 years

IPCC

Ice age

List of time periods

Climate

Medieval

Medieval demography

Saqqaq culture

Maunder Minimum

Thermohaline circulation

History of Greenland

100 years war

	Climate - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years.
		When the original conception of climate as a long-term average came to be considered, perhaps towards the end of the 19th century, the idea of climate change was not current, and a 30 year average seemed reasonable (but see note 1).
		Climate indices are generally identified or devised with the twin objectives of simplicity and completeness, and each typically represents the status and timing of the climate factor they represent.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/l/i/Climate.html (828 words)

	Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis
		Climate variations, both in the mean state and in other statistics such as, for example, the occurrence of extreme events, may result from radiative forcing, but also from internal interactions between components of the climate system.
		The response of the climate to the internal variability of the climate system and to external forcings is further complicated by feedbacks and non-linear responses of the components.
		Similarly, although the climate system is highly non-linear, the quasi-linear response of many models to present and predicted levels of external radiative forcing suggests that the large-scale aspects of human-induced climate change may be predictable, although as discussed in Section 1.3.2 below, unpredictable behaviour of non-linear systems can never be ruled out.
	www.grida.no /climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/042.htm (1253 words)

	Climate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years.
		When the original conception of climate as a long-term average came to be considered, perhaps towards the end of the 19th century, the idea of climate change was not current, and a 30 year average seemed reasonable (but see note 1).
		Climate indices are generally identified or devised with the twin objectives of simplicity and completeness, and each typically represents the status and timing of the climate factor they represent.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Climate (818 words)

	Medieval Warm Period - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or Medieval Climate Optimum was an unusually warm period during the European Medieval period, lasting from about the 10th century to about the 14th century.
		The Medieval Warm Period partially coincides in time with the peak in solar activity named the Medieval Maximum (AD In Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, researchers found large temperature excursions during the Little Ice Age (~1400–1900 AD) and the Medieval Warm Period (~800–1300 AD) possibly related to changes in the strength of North Atlantic thermohaline circulation.
		The drier climate took place during the Medieval Warm Period (~AD An ice core from the eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula clearly identifies events of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period [12].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medieval_climate_optimum (780 words)

	Medieval climate optimum: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		The Medieval climate optimum or Medieval warm period was an unusually warm period in history lasting from about the 10th century to about the 14th century.
		The climatic effects of this period were confined primarily to Europe and North America.
		THE "MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD" (http://greenpeace.org/~climate/database/records/zgpz0231.html) Greenpeace article citing journal article: (M.K. Hughes and H.F. Diaz, "Was there a 'Medieval Warm Period?", Climatic Change, v.26, p.109-142, March 1994).
	www.encyclopedian.com /me/Medieval-Warm-Period.html (273 words)

	Climate Policy—From Rio to Kyoto: A Political Issue for 2000—and Beyond
		International climate policy is based on the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which calls on industrialized nations to carry out, within one decade, drastic cuts in the emission of greenhouses gases (GHG) that stem mainly from the burning of fossil fuels.
		The failure of the present climate models is likely due to their inadequate treatment of atmospheric processes, such as cloud formation and the distribution of water vapor (which is the most improtant greenhouse gas in the atmposphere).
		A detailed reevaluation of the imact of climate warming on the national economy was published in 1999 by a prestigious group of specialists, led by Yale University resource economist.
	www.hooverpress.org /productdetails.cfm?PC=895 (1110 words)

	Geotimes - September 2006 - Comment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Vindicating the original criticism of past-published researchers, the National Academy report identifies the failure of the hockey stick to model climate beyond the past 400 years, as evidenced by its inability to reflect the medieval climate optimum.
		The optimum has been extensively documented by recorded human history and proxies, but cannot be explained by computer models based on equations that assume that greenhouse gases dominate climate change.
		Data, records and proxies demonstrate that the medieval climate optimum, along with the cyclic and preceding Roman-era warm event and current modern warming event, are natural events.
	www.geotimes.org /sept06/comment.html (863 words)

	Tiempo Climate Newswatch, Climate Change and the Sahara
		In all the future climate simulations, the warming of the terrestrial surface by greenhouse gases is maximal towards the poles because it remains close to the surface, whereas in the tropical or inter-tropical regions it is mitigated by the effects of convection that mixes the air up to an altitude of more than ten kilometres.
		The climate optimum of the Holocene was truly a golden age for the Sahara.
		Moreover, the seriousness of the drought affecting the Sahel and West Africa during a quarter of a century was due to the interaction of two factors: the climatic hazards themselves and the degree of fragility or vulnerability of the infrastructure and its economic and social organization.
	www.tiempocyberclimate.org /newswatch/feature060915.htm (2970 words)

	Witnesses To Weather. (print version)
		If one is prepared to conclude from all of the above that there are significant connections between climate and the portrayal of weather on paintings, then it stands to reason that paintings from the distant past may be used to reconstruct the climate for their respective periods.
		The shift from the medieval climate optimum to the "minor ice age" is clearly discernible from the painted characteristics averaged over these epochs; thus, the blue of the sky and the visibility undergo a distinct decline.
		During the transition from the medieval climate optimum into the minor ice age, the falling temperatures are portrayed with an increase in cloud cover, as expected.
	www.morgenwelt.de /futureframe/000221-climatepaintings.htm (1431 words)

	Little Ice Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The colder climates of the time caused the wood from the trees he used to be denser; the superb tone of Stradivari's creations has been partially attributed to this.
		The Siple Dome has a climate event with an onset time that is coincident with that of the LIA in the North Atlantic based on a correlation with the GISP2 record.
		Beginning around 1850, the world's climate began warming again and the Little Ice Age may be said to have come to an end at that time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Little_Ice_Age (1959 words)

	Climate 02:2001 Explorer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Because the current climate paradigm is based on a belief system, it has ignored data that conflicts with belief, and promulgates those information sets and models that sustain the belief.
		The climate issue may be useful for reducing imports that are economically damaging, and for raising revenue.
		Some of the intended consequences of forced climate change mitigation appear to be to raise revenues and to decrease the nation's reliance on imported energy.
	www.aapg.org /explorer/2001/02feb/globalclimate_commentary.cfm (2963 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		climate climate, average condition of the atmosphere near the earth's surface over a long period of time, taking into account temperature, precipitation (see rain), humidity, wind, barometric pressure, and other phenomena.
		Medieval Latin literature Medieval Latin literature, literary works written in the Latin language during the Middle Ages.
		North America -> Climate North America, extending to within 10° of latitude of both the equator and the North Pole, embraces every climatic zone, from tropical rain forest and savanna on the lowlands of Central America to areas of permanent ice cap in central Greenland.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Medieval+climate+optimum&rc=10&fh=17&fr=11 (551 words)

	Medieval climate optimum Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The medieval climate optimum or medieval warm period was an unusually warm period in history lasting from about the 10th century to about the 14th century.
		A paper by Soon and Baliunas disagrees with the IPCC and Mann and states that those warm and cold periods were indeed widespread climatic anomalies.
		THE "MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD" Greenpeace article citing journal article: (M.K. Hughes and H.F. Diaz, "Was there a 'Medieval Warm Period?", Climatic Change, v.26, p.109-142, March 1994).
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/m/me/medieval_climate_optimum.html (310 words)

	Viewpoint: It's the Sun that makes it hot
		Climate records of the past 100 years provide no support for the idea that human activities, such as burning coal and oil for energy, caused the early 20th-century global warming.
		Climate drives the ebb and flow of glaciers and vegetation: Ice sheets spread and shrink within the 100,000-year cycle of orbital change.
		It actually concluded in a passage not quoted in the press that “A causal linkage between the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the observed climate changes during the 20th century cannot be unequivocally established” (10, p 1 of the summary).
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/ci/31/i11/html/11vp.html (2708 words)

	Encyclopedia: Medieval Warm Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Global mean surface temperatures 1856 to 2004 Mean temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming describes an increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans.
		The Medieval Warm Period partially coincides in time with the peak in solar activity named the Medieval Maximum (AD 20 years of solar irradiance data from satellites Solar variations are fluctuations in the amount of energy emitted by the Sun.
		The Holocene Climate Optimum was a warm period during roughly the interval 7,000 to 5,000 years B.P..
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Medieval-Warm-Period (2198 words)

	Ending the Climate Debate, Learning to Live in the Real World - 10-Dec-02: Bulletin On-Line Environment article: ...
		These problems alone should have suggested to climate modelers that there are serious problems with the assumptions in their models, and that there might be alternative explanations that actually fit data and observations.
		The more scientifically acceptable alternative hypothesis that accounts for the present state of global warming is that orbital and solar variability are the most significant drivers of climate, and that greenhouse gases, while important for maintaining the stability of climate and moderating external forcings, are not responsible for most climate variability.
		It means that climate is changing, as it always does, in both directions and at all time scales, and that humans must adapt to the changes.
	www.hgs.org /en/articles/printview.asp?40 (1194 words)

	Please title this page. (Page 4)
		Recently, the government scientific leader of people-caused climate change, James Hanson, published a new spin on the issue, arguing that the emissions from fossil fuels caused no climate change because of feedback from increased reflectivity.
		Climate varies all the time, at all scales, in both directions.
		Further, all of the proposed human solutions to the proposed human-caused problem of climate change are additonal tax revenues to federal governments.
	www.ammoniteresources.com /art19.htm (1084 words)

	Hillsdale College
		Looking back at Chart 1, climate simulations predict that a smooth, linear rise of at least twice the observed trend should already be occurring, and that it will continue through the next century.
		Indeed, it would likely return climate conditions to those experienced in the early centuries of the second millennium, when widespread warming is indicated by numerous proxies of climate, such as glaciers, pollen deposits, boreholes, ice cores, coral, tree growth, and sea and lake floor sediments.
		To simulate climate change for a period of several decades is a computational task that requires 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 degrees of freedom.
	www.hillsdale.edu /imprimis/2002/march (2905 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Climate change 'is the norm'
		To expect permanent stability in climate patterns displays a fundamental lack of understanding of the complexity and instability of weather.
		The real question then is not whether climate and sea level changes are occurring and are good or bad things; they have been occurring naturally for billions of years.
		The only proof of anthropogenic climate change ever offered, which to my mind is fallacious, is that temperature has increased with Western industrialisation; before industrialisation, the hockey stick would negate the Medieval Climate Optimum and Little Ice Age.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4066189.stm (812 words)

	what's up with the weather: the debate: dr. s. fred singer
		The fact that climate changes is not in itself a threat, because, obviously, in the past human beings have adapted to all kinds of climate changes.
		And the argument sometimes is put that this proves that the climate system is unstable at some level, that it can be perturbed to switch states quickly, and that we're messing with fire, because maybe what you're saying is true, but we might just hit it and trigger it, causing a big change.
		They do not necessarily agree with the summary, because the summary was written by a different group, a handful of government scientists who had a particular point of view, and they extracted from the report those facts that tended to support their point of view.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/warming/debate/singer.html (6519 words)

	MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD FACTS AND INFORMATION
		During this time wine grapes were grown in Europe and southern Britain http://www.english-wine.com/history.html#domesday http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/~knicoll/rsch/Geotimes%20-%20August%202004%20-%20Making%20Wine%20in%20a%20Changing%20Climate.htm although less extensively than they are today http://www.english-wine.com/vineyards.html (however, factors other than climate strongly influence the commercial success of vineyards; and the time of greatest extent of medieval vineyards falls outside the MWP).
		It has been noted that most paleoclimatologists developing regionally specific climate reconstructions of past centuries conventionally label their coldest interval as "LIA" and their warmest interval as the "MWP".Others follow the convention and when a significant climate event is found in the "LIA" or "MWP" time frames, associate their events to the period.
		An ice_core from the eastern Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula clearly identifies events of the Little_Ice_Age and Medieval Warm Period http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/qr/2002/00000058/00000003/art02371.
	www.palfacts.com /Medieval_Warm_Period (689 words)

	Climate Progress » Blog Archive » Australia Facing Worst Drought for 1000 Years
		The irony continues as those who shun action on climate change are suffering the most from climate change.
		Hopefully Australia will see the value and urgency in taking climate action before the last puddle dries up, since unrestrained greenhouse gas emissions are projected to accelerate drought and desertification.
		That is why climate change mandates attention and action to address the part of the consequence it does influence.
	climateprogress.org /2006/12/19/australias-facing-worst-drought-for-1000-years (1120 words)

	Global Warming Tied To Sun's Variability - Center for Global Food Issues (CGFI)
		Bond notes that the correlation between earth climate (as measured by his iceberg debris data) and solar activity (as measured by carbon-dated tree rings and beryllium-dated ice cores) is statistically “very high.” However, Bond says he’s even more impressed by the close match between the peaks and troughs of the climate and solar records.
		The Medieval warming occurred without autos or factories spewing CO 2, and if it was solar-driven had to be global.
		Singer says human impact on the climate is dwarfed by natural variability from such factors as solar cycles and volcanic eruptions.
	www.cgfi.org /materials/articles/2002/jan_16_02.htm (823 words)

	Strange Science
		Temperatures were higher in medieval times (from about 800 to 1300) than they are now, and the twentieth century represented a recovery from the little ice age to something like normal.
		The likeliest cause of current climate trends seems to be solar activity, perhaps in combination with galactic cosmic rays caused by supernovas, especially because there is some good observable correlation between solar magnetism output and terrestrial climate change.
		The conclusion, then, is that the climate will change naturally; aside from altering obviously foolish behavior, such as releasing dangerous pollutants into our air and water, we can and should do little more than adapt to these natural changes, as all life has always done.
	meteo.lcd.lu /globalwarming/Derr/strange_science.html (2346 words)

	Medieval climate optimum
		During this time wine grapes were grown in Europe up to 300 miles north of their present northerly growing limit.
		American Heritage Dictionary (http://bartleby.com/61/34/M0193425.html) The period from about 1000 to 1400 in which global temperatures are thought to have been a few degrees above those of the preceding and following periods.
		THE "MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD" (http://greenpeace.org/~climate/database/records/zgpz0231.html) Greenpeace article citing journal article: (M.K. Hughes and H.F. Diaz, "Was there a 'Medieval Warm Period?", Climatic Change, v.26, p.109-142, March 1994).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/me/Medieval_Warm_Period.html (246 words)

	Solar Activity: A Dominant Factor in Climate Dynamics
		Observed climate data, which follow the rhythm of the 11-year sunspot cycle, indicate that the effect of irradiance variations on the atmosphere is enhanced by positive feed-back processes or stochastic resonance.
		Those scientists who spread anxiety in the eighties by predicting climate catastrophees cannot plead that at this time there were not any publications pointing to a relation between solar activity and climate that had to be taken seriously.
		Forecasts of energetic solar eruptions are of importance for weather and climate too, as they enhance the solar wind and weaken the galactic cosmic radiation, which according to Svensmark and Friis-Christensen have a strong impact on cloud coverage.
	www.john-daly.com /solar/solar.htm (12660 words)

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