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Topic: Medieval siege weaponry

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Siege engine

Siege warfare

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	Medieval Siege Weaponry: Castle Walls Beware - Humanities
		Medieval siege weaponry was required in any self-respecting war leader's arsenal in a time when castles with thick defense walls were common and cities surrounded by large, fortified walls were not out of place.
		As far as medieval siege weaponry is concerned, siege towers were somewhat difficult due to their cumbersome nature.
		The downfall of siege towers in the long line of medieval siege weaponry, however, was their size and the propensity of the defending army to hurl projectiles at them.
	www.freewebtown.com /provenbrands/data/humanities/40164.html (1381 words)

	Non-Gunpowder Artillery
		While some of the the large pieces used in the late medieval era can be traced to tension and torsion powered machines used in ancient times, the rotating-beam engine (most famous of which is the trébuchet) is unique to medieval warfare.
		Like modern artillery, medieval crew-operated weapons were of two general categories relating to tactical employment: indirect fire (throwing or lobbing) objects (projectiles) toward a target area, and directly shooting a missile (arrow/bolt or 'bullet') at a target.
		Most accounts suggest that the tension bows, firing bolts or arrows were what the medieval forces used as their principal heavy direct-firing weapon until the advent of the gunpowder pot-de-fer in the early 14th century.
	xenophongroup.com /montjoie/ngp_arty.htm (2731 words)

	Trebuchet , Catapult and Siege Engine Books, Video, Games and Movies
		Siege machinery first appeared in the West during the Carthaginian invasion of Sicily in the late 5th century BC, in the form of siege towers and battering rams.
		The Medieval era was a period of huge variety and invention in the field of siege warfare.
		Medieval military engineering was equally inventive in terms of mining, counter-mining, the breaking of walls, the use of noxious and chemical fumes as well as pre-explosive or semi-explosive fire weapons.
	www.redstoneprojects.com /trebuchetstore/siege_engine_books.html (6729 words)

	Medieval Siege Weaponry Encyclopedia Information @ ArtQuilt.com (Art Quilt) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The earliest siege engine in Europe was the battering ram, followed by the catapult in ancient Greece.
		A typical military confrontation in medieval times was for one side to lay siege to their opponent's castle.
		Siege weapons are now considered obsolete owing to the effectiveness of aircraft-delivered munitions and cruise missiles, which have made defensive area fortifications obsolete.
	www.artquilt.com /encyclopedia/Medieval_siege_weaponry (1572 words)

	Articles - Education::Medieval Siege Weaponry
		Medieval siege weaponry was required in any self-respecting war leader’s arsenal in a time when castles with thick defense walls were common and cities surrounded by large, fortified walls were not out of place.
		As far as medieval siege weaponry is concerned, siege towers were somewhat difficult due to their cumbersome nature.
		The downfall of siege towers in the long line of medieval siege weaponry, however, was their size and the propensity of the defending army to hurl projectiles at them.
	www.gotlinks.com /earticles/articles/99443-medieval-siege-weaponry.html (611 words)

	Medieval siege weaponry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The earliest siege engine was the battering ram, followed by the catapult in ancientGreece and the onager invented by the Romans.
		Also used were the battering ram and the siege tower, a wooden tower on wheels that allowed attackers to climb up and over castle walls, whileprotected from enemy arrow fire.
		A typical military confrontation in medieval times was for one side to lay siege to their opponent's castle.When properly defended, these high walled fortifications were virtually impenetrable to infantry or cavalry.
	www.therfcc.org /medieval-siege-weaponry-6563.html (275 words)

	ipedia.com: Medieval warfare Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Medieval European armies were typically divided into three sections called 'battles' or 'battalions'—the vanguard or vaward, the centre or main-battle, and the rearguard or rearward.
		In the Medieval period a large variety of siege engines were used by besieging armies, including catapults, trebuchets, mangonels, onagers and siege towers.
		In particular, medieval fortifications became progressively stronger—for example, the advent of the concentric castle from the period of the Crusades—and more dangerous to attackers—witness the increasing use of machiolations and murder-holes, as well the preparation of boiling oil, molten lead or hot sand.
	www.ipedia.com /medieval_warfare.html (2188 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Weaponry \| Medieval Warfare: How to Capture a Castle with Siegecraft (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In fact the medieval siege was a complex, highly choreographed process that ended with a castle assault only when other tactics had failed to force a surrender.
		Consequently, the full-out siege was normally a last resort, unless, of course, the attacking king or lord had a particular investment in breaking his opponent.
		Early medieval sieges were generally directed against towns or major cities, which were often fortified, rather than at individual castles.
	www.historynet.com /wars_conflicts/weaponry/3033256.html (1566 words)

	Medieval 2: Total War Announced - MegaGames pc
		Medieval 2: Total War is the latest release from the highly acclaimed developer, The Creative Assembly, who SEGA made headline news by acquiring in 2005.
		Medieval 2: Total War is the result of 7 years continuous development of the Total War series and has been designed to appeal to all gamers, not just hardcore strategy fans.
		Medieval 2: Total War offers a vastly enhanced terrain model to create new graphically rich environments portraying cliff top castles and enhanced settlement features that are unique to each civilisation.
	www.megagames.com /news/html/pc/medieval2totalwarannounced.shtml (317 words)

	Medieval Weaponry: Historically Accurate Swords, Daggers & More
		The 1456 Siege of Belgrade, Battle of Maldon, Battle of Tours, and the Battle of Grunwald are just a few of the dramatic clashes that forever altered the course of Europe.
		A beautiful Medieval weaponry showpiece, this sword is a replica of those carried by the Order of the Knights Templar, who vowed to uphold honor and right.
		For formal occasions, the Knightly Dress Dagger is a stately piece of Medieval weaponry, upscale enough for a feast and strong enough for a duel.
	www.mwart.com /medieval_weaponry.htm (397 words)

	Castle Defensive Weapons
		Medieval knights, men-at-arms, squires and other soldiers usually comprised a castle garrison during the Middle Ages.
		Medieval weaponry ran the gamut from the simple to the complex.
		Medieval fighters proficient with the crossbow often became prized members of a castle's garrison.
	www.medieval-castles.net /castle_defenses/castle_army.htm (380 words)

	Medieval Information Site Map
		Medieval Castle Layout was Integral to the Castle's Success - The layout of the medieval castle was essential to its position of prominence within the community.
		Once a medieval coat of arms was adopted by a knight, or passed down in a family, it was placed on battle standards, clothing and even shields to readily identify a knight’s heritage.
		Medieval Time Weapons are exact replicas of the arsenal known to have been used by warriors in the...
	www.medieval-castle-siege-weapons.com /site-map.html (3590 words)

	Medieval Siege Weaponry: Castle Walls Beware (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Medieval siege weaponry was required in any self-respecting war leader's arsenal in a time when castles with thick defense walls were common and cities surrounded by large, fortified walls were not out of place.
		As far as medieval siege weaponry is concerned, siege towers were somewhat difficult due to their cumbersome nature.
		The downfall of siege towers in the long line of medieval siege weaponry, however, was their size and the propensity of the defending army to hurl projectiles at them.
	www.wpublisher.com /career/medieval-siege-weaponry--castle-walls-beware.html (736 words)

	Medieval Weaponry
		While the castle was, arguably, the most formidable weapon of medieval warfare, generally when we think of weapons we think of something much smaller, movable, and able to wreak havoc and death on an opponent.
		Siege engines were critical participants during any major onslaught on a castle.
		This siege engine was used for a century after the Norman Conquest in 1066, and it is also referred to as a Mangon.
	www.castles-of-britain.com /castle36.htm (1294 words)

	Medieval 2: Total War Preview for PC - Gaming Age (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Medieval 2: Total War is the latest release from the highly acclaimed developer, The Creative Assembly, an award-winning studio that made headline news when acquired by SEGA in 2005.
		"Medieval 2: Total War is the result of seven years continuous development of the Total War series and has been designed to appeal to all gamers, not just hardcore strategy fans," said Mike Simpson, Studio Director at Creative Assembly.
		Medieval 2: Total War offers a vastly enhanced terrain model to create new graphically rich environments portraying breathtaking cliff top castles and enhanced settlement features that are unique to each civilization.
	www.gaming-age.com /cgi-bin/previews/preview.pl?sys=pc&game=medieval2 (271 words)

	Medieval Siege Weapons - Main Index
		This is the main medieval siege weapons page.
		Most feared by any kingdom was the threat of medieval siege weapons.
		These siege weapons could unleash destruction that could result in the loss of a castle and subsequently the fall of the kingdom.
	www.medieval-castle-siege-weapons.com /medieval-siege-weapons-index.html (141 words)

	Medieval Weapons \| Axes Medieval Weapons \| Medieval Warfare Weapons
		Medieval weapons of war vary in their style and usage.
		Medieval chain weapons were used in melee battle and medieval warfare weapons were for long range fighting.
		Some were made for warfare and others purely ornamental for a medieval knights costume.
	www.a2armory.com /medar.html (176 words)

	Medieval Siege Weaponry
		Medieval Weaponry offers medieval weapons such as swords, suits of armor, weapons, jewelry, banners, helmets, replicas, decorative swords, functional swords, flails, maces, war hammers and more.
		Siege tactics and the weaponry used are discussed and...
		Medieval siege warfare and the transition to a new age.
	www.medieval-armor-knight.com /4/medieval-siege-weaponry-.html (524 words)

	Non-Gunpowder Artillery
		While some of the the large pieces used in the late medieval era can be traced to tension and torsion powered machines used in ancient times, the rotating-beam engine (most famous of which is the trébuchet) is unique to medieval warfare.
		Like modern artillery, medieval crew-operated weapons were of two general categories relating to tactical employment: indirect fire (throwing or lobbing) objects (projectiles) toward a target area, and directly shooting a missile (arrow/bolt or 'bullet') at a target.
		A leading scholar on Arabic and early medieval literature relating to the 'rotating-beam' artillery used in the Middle Ages is Dr. Paul Chevedden.
	www.xenophongroup.com /montjoie/ngp_arty.htm (2731 words)

	Event Organisers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Medieval Siege Society Limited, based in the South East, is available to work at sites all around the United Kingdom and beyond.
		Siege works, incorporating the use of pyrotechnics, are provided by the sappers, who also operate our siege engine.
		The Medieval Siege Society is the largest late medieval re enactment society in the UK.
	www.medieval-siege-society.co.uk /EventOrganisers/tabid/53/Default.aspx (562 words)

	Medieval: Total War - from CDAccess.com
		Medieval Total WarTM portrays the clash between mighty nations and ancient cultures on the blood-drenched battlefields of the Middle Ages.
		While Medieval is chock-full of historical characters and warfare, the developers have said on many occasions that their desire is to be "reasonably accurate" - this product uses history to provide a foundation for and to enhance its gameplay, but it doesn't pretend complete obedience to the past in all respects.
		Medieval may well have room for improvement, but two things are certain: First, no other game can be properly compared to it, and second, any room for improvement is likely to be filled by an expansion pack.
	www.cdaccess.com /html/pc/medtotal.htm (1414 words)

	Medieval: Total War Review
		In Medieval, this original idea was expanded and now that "touch" of management isn't just a touch any more, as Medieval: Total War now vaguely resembles Sid Meier's Civilization in terms of the amount of variables one has to consider in order to become a successful ruler.
		Medieval is far more advanced than Shogun in that the developers have made it clear that simply commanding a huge army doesn't make you a successful ruler; nor does the fact that your empire spreads half across the known world.
		The third reason is the addition of castle sieges, which was sorely lacking from the original game, complete with siege weaponry that can be used against live targets and not just castle walls.
	www.actiontrip.com /reviews/medievaltotalwar.phtml (1213 words)

	Medieval Academic Discussion Groups
		Here is a listing of medieval academic discussion groups you may want to join along with the addresses of the listservers that carry them.
		MEDIBER is a discussion group devoted to medieval Iberian literatures, languages, histories, and cultures.
		MEDIEVALE is a medieval history network from Canada whose postings are all in French.
	www.towson.edu /~duncan/acalists.html (1011 words)

	By the Sword - Medieval Swords, Clothing, and Armour (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Medieval and Renaissance items for your fun and enjoyment as well as re-enactment's and historical needs.
		Mostly medieval jewelry is available however we do offer a variety of gothic and Celtic jewelry many in sterling silver.
		Medieval Musical Instruments are the best quality available and include Glastonbury Pipes, all types and sizes of Bagpipes and accessories, even the medieval and renaissance Lute are available.
	www.by-the-sword.com /new/index.html (2295 words)

	Siegecraft and Defence
		Most siege engines were capable of throwing a stone of 300 lbs or more a distance of at least 150 metres.
		Not surprisingly, the long, slow siege was preferred, and for this reason castles that were at risk were usually well stocked with food.
		Learn more about medieval siege warfare by visiting the NOVA web site pages on life in a medieval castle.
	www.castlewales.com /siege.html (963 words)

	Catapult Summary
		Catapults were usually assembled at the site of a siege, and an army carried few or no pieces of it with them because wood was easily available on site.
		The next step from this was a larger form a crossbow mounted on a stand, including early versions of the oxybeles (Greek for bolt shooter) and the ballista (the Roman version of the oxybeles).
		Although similar to a crossbow, a sling on the end of the rope meant these weapons could be used for firing all sorts of projectiles, from rocks to pots of Greek fire.
	www.bookrags.com /Catapult (1573 words)

	Medieval 2: Total War Q&A - The First Details on Medieval 2 - PC News at GameSpot
		Siege weapons such as trebuchets are back, and you'll need them to knock down the many walls you'll face.
		It wouldn't be Medieval without vast, monumental cities and castles, and we set out to do them justice by ensuring that we represent them in-game in a far more realistic manner than ever before.
		Medieval: Total War achieves that rare quality of having something for nearly all strategy gamers, and most will find a lot to like in it, for a very long time.
	www.gamespot.com /pc/strategy/medieval2totalwar/news.html?sid=6144512&page=2 (1835 words)

	Other Medieval Weapons Terminology - Spears, Axes, Lances, Maces, Halberds
		A variety of forms, single and double-handed were in use throughout the Medieval and Renaissance periods.
		The lance initially began as a long spear (about 9’) but became progressively longer and heavier, it’s late Medieval form being a specialized weapon unsuited to use on foot.
		The Medieval mace was an armour-fighting weapon, developing from a steel ball on a wooden handle, to an elaborately flanged, all steel, war club.
	www.historicalweapons.com /otherweapons.html (1468 words)

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