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Topic: Mediterranean Forests

Related Topics

Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub

Tropical rainforest

List of palearctic ecoregions

Temperate Broadleaf Deciduous Forest

List of Australasia ecoregions

Neotropic

Australasia ecozone

California chaparral and woodlands

Montane grasslands and shrublands

Nearctic

Temperate Savannas

Biome

Chaparral

Mediterranean Sea

Taiga

	Mediterranean Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mediterranean Basin was shaped by the ancient collision of the northward-moving African-Arabian continent with the stable Eurasian continent.
		Mediterranean shrublands are known as matorral in Spain, macchia in Italy, and maquis in France and elsewhere around the Mediterranean.
		Forests are distinct from woodlands in having a closed canopy, and occur in the areas of highest rainfall and in riparian zones along rivers and streams where they receive summer water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mediterranean_Basin (1185 words)

	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub is a temperate biome, characterized by hot-dry summers and mild and rainy winters.
		Vegetation types can range from forests to woodlands, savannas, shrublands, and grasslands; "mosaic" landscapes are common, where differing vegetation types are interleaved with one another in complex patterns created by variations in soils, topography, exposure to wind and sun, and fire history.
		Forest: Mediterranean forests are generally composed of broadleaf evergreen trees, such as the oak and mixed sclerophyll forests of California and the Mediterranean region, the Eucalyptus forests of Southwest Australia, and the Nothofagus forests of central Chile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_shrub (827 words)

	Mediterranean - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2.5 million km².
		The Mediterranean Sea is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar on the west and to the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea, by the Dardanelles and the Bosporus respectively, on the east.
		Even now the Mediterranean is relatively salty compared to the adjacent North Atlantic due to its near isolation by the Straits of Gibraltar and its high rate of evaporation.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /mediterranean.htm (1214 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Mediterranean Basin - Overview
		The flora of the Mediterranean Basin is dramatic.
		The Mediterranean monk-seal, the barbary macaque and the Iberian lynx, which is Critically Endangered, are among the region’s imperiled species.
		The climate of the Mediterranean Basin is dominated by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers, and rainfall ranges from as little as 100 millimeters to as much as 3,000 millimeters.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/mediterranean (411 words)

	Israel: Forests and Forest Fires in Israel (IFFN No. 15 - September 1996)
		The occurrence of forest fires in areas adjacent to the old "Green Line" border between Israel and the West Bank was very frequent: in the years 1988-1990 between 288 and 388 forest fires were caused by arson and took place in areas near the old pre-1967 border (Kliot and Keidar 1992).
		After repeated forest fires the dominant plants and plant associations in both oak and pine groves are changed and replaced by a brush cover, small bushes and grass.
		The most important category of forest fires in Israel and in the Mediterranean at large, are fires whose catalytic agents remain "unknown", as detecting unequivocally the causes of fires is often an impossible task.
	www.fire.uni-freiburg.de /iffn/country/il/il_3.htm (1532 words)

	The Forest Biome
		However, forests are becoming major casualties of civilization as human populations have increased over the past several thousand years, bringing deforestation, pollution, and industrial usage problems to this important biome.
		Present-day forest biomes, biological communities that are dominated by trees and other woody vegetation (Spurr and Barnes), can be classified according to numerous characteristics, with seasonality being the most widely used.
		moist/dry deciduous forest (monsoon): the length of the dry season increases further as rainfall decreases (all trees are deciduous).
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss5/biome/forests.html (915 words)

	Forests and Forestry : 1. What is a forest?
		Forests are classified by biomes so that each forest type corresponds to a climatic region.
		One definition of a ‘natural forest’ is a forest in which naturally immigrant tree species have reproduced themselves spontaneously—i.e., no replanting.
		A forested area that is relatively undisturbed by human activity and large enough to maintain its biodiversity is referred to as a ‘frontier forest’.
	www.forestfacts.org /l_2/forests_1.htm (683 words)

	Greece: Conference Conclusions: Fires in the Mediterranean Forests - Prevention - Suppression - Soil Erosion - ...
		The protection of natural forest ecosystems reflects the cultural level of a people and of a country and it should, therefore, be a first priority issue for the Mediterranean countries.
		Mediterranean forests are restored nearly completely after a fire if they are protected from human activities.
		Mediterranean countries are urged to actively contribute to continuously improve the information and data flow to the GFMC in order to create a most complete fire information system, to share expertise and to contribute to common international action programmes in fire management and policy development.
	www.fire.uni-freiburg.de /course/coursere/gr_coure_1.htm (1056 words)

	Cover Story - Monachus Guardian 3 (2): November 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the southern Mediterranean, demographic pressure is causing the degradation and disappearance of natural forest areas due to clearing for cropland, overgrazing and demand for fuelwood.
		The major threats to forests are fragmentation, road construction, tourism, atmospheric pollution, climate change, unnatural forest fires, overgrazing, hunting, extraction and mining of mineral resources, drainage, water regulation and even war.
		Tourism in coastal areas puts pressure on forests which are either cleared for development or deliberately burnt: fires are also caused by unregulated waste disposal in or near forests, and the general depopulation of rural areas allows fires to develop unchecked.
	www.monachus.org /mguard06/06covsto.htm (3177 words)

	Sustainable management of Mediterranean forests in Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mediterranean ecosystems have largely been shaped by long and intense human influences, as humans, domesticated animals and fire have created mosaics of distinct stands of thinly stocked (or shrub-like) forest, thickets and herbaceous/ woody pastures.
		To some extent, the exploitation of forest resources tends to balance these mosaics and individual stands, thereby ensuring their perpetuation and transformation; pastures are created, perpetuated and improved through the action of livestock, while forests are regenerated by thinning and the elimination of competing species.
		Three forests have been chosen to illustrate the effects of forest management and exploitation over the last 100 years: one is populated with Corsican pine, the second with stone and maritime pine, and the third with cork oak.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x1880e/x1880e06.htm (2289 words)

	NGS Research Grant #5758-96
		That the project area is still capable of producing the dominant components of the Mediterranean Woodlands, namely oak and pine, is attested by their use as windbreaks within agricultural plots and by the existence of isolated stands of recently planted coniferous forests (Fig 5).
		Geyh., M.A. The paleohydrology of the Eastern Mediterranean.
		Olszewski, D.I. Subsistence ecology in the Mediterranean forest: Implications for the origins of cultivation in the epipaleolithic southern Levant.
	www.casa.arizona.edu /MPP/ngs_report/ngs_rep.html (6020 words)

	06/06/01 -- Croatia Safeguards Old Growth Forests
		The forests are under threat from forest fires, water pollution, transboundary air pollution, and potentially by excessive road construction and tourism.
		Pedro Regato, forest officer at WWF Mediterranean Programme Office said the organization is calling on other governments in the Mediterranean Basin, in particular France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain and Tunisia, to follow the example of the Croatian government.
		The forests and karst limestone caves of the Velebit mountains catch and hold water, and they are home to large populations of wolves, brown bears and lynxes.
	forests.org /archive/europe/crsafeol.htm (728 words)

	Help save Mediterranean cork forests by choosing natural stoppers
		Already, large tracts of land that were once Mediterranean cork forest are now eucalyptus and pine plantations, which unlike cork oak trees that are partially fire-resistant, are major sources of fuel for fires.
		Cork forests are one of the best example of a sustainable agro-forestry system, where people use the natural resources around them while preserving the ecosystem’s high environmental values.
		The cork forests are home to a rich variety of wildlife, including endangered species such as the Barbary deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) in Tunisia, the Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) and the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain and Portugal.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2003/february/cork.htm (583 words)

	CPD: South America, Site SA45, Temperate Rain Forest, Chile
		In the Valdivian rain-forest zone, the key environmental variables are steep altitudinal temperature gradients in the Andean and Coastal cordilleras, east-west trending valleys with contrasting microclimates, and in the Andes heavy avalanching and volcanism (Veblen and Schlegel 1982; Veblen, Schlegel and Oltremari 1983).
		In the Andes, the evergreen angiosperm and mixed angiosperm-gymnosperm forests are eventually succeeded by predominantly deciduous forests comprised of Nothofagus pumilio (picture) and N.
		Forests were destroyed as the land was cleared for settlements and agriculture, and trees were cut for construction materials and fuelwood.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/cpd/sa/sa45.htm (4307 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - Scrub Forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The actual Chaparral forest is found in the mountains of southern California, but the name is sometimes applied to all forests of this type.
		Scrub forests are primarily located between 32 and 40 degrees north and south of the equator in very arid regions.
		However, the climate and soil conditions are so similar in scrub forests throughout the world that a plant from one forest can be transplanted to a scrub forest on another continent and survive just as it would in its native soil.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php?id=425&print=1 (363 words)

	Unasylva - No. 154 - Agroforestry - pathways - Integrating goats into Mediterranean forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Because of their importance as a food source, Mediterranean forests are traditionally an integral part of the feeding calendar of domestic animals and consequently of the pastoral systems of the region.
		In the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean Basin, where summers are very long and dry, establishment of plantations with fodder shrubs appears to be a solution toward securing roughages that are rich in protein and minerals for goats and at the same time reducing the pressure on forests.
		Since forests are suitable for grazing only for a limited number of years within their rotation time, and only for a few months each year, goat management must be adjusted to these limitations.
	www.fao.org /docrep/50630E/50630e06.htm (4691 words)

	peopleandplanet.net > forests > features > put a cork in it!
		Other locals make honey from beehives in the forests, cork acorns are used for animal feed, and fruits and berries that grow in the grass and scrub go into other local produce.
		The forests are also home to a rich variety of wildlife, including endangered species such as the world's rarest big cat, the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and the Iberian imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Spain and Portugal and the Barbary deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) in Tunisia.
		The loss of the cork oak forests is a catastrophe for the region's ecosystems, and could spell dire consequences for Europe as a whole.
	www.peopleandplanet.net /doc.php?id=1819 (1152 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Cyprus Mediterranean forests (PA1206)
		Conversion of forest to pastures, urban development, forest fires, and tourism are all causes of habitat loss and continue to be a threat to this ecoregion.
		This ecoregion’s forests, which are greatly reduced in extent and still recovering from abuse, cover about 18 % of the island’s land area (31% of the land above 1,000 m of altitude).
		Black pine forests are intensively managed for timber, and old-growth pine trees, as well as juniper trees, are found only in high mountain rocky summits of the Troodos range.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1206_full.html (994 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Crete Mediterranean forests (PA1205) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From high mountain ranges to deep canyons, the Crete Mediterranean Forests ecoregion covers a wide range of habitats on Crete--an island located in the Mediterranean Sea between the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey.
		Forests of pine and holly oak at middle elevations provide habitat for an endemic goat and several endemic rodents.
		While forests once covered most of the island of Crete, today the landscape is dominated by barren land and degraded shrublands.
	nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1205.html (504 words)

	Untitled Document
		Forest belt extends from Southern Norway to Finnish Lapland.
		Many forests in the Pyrenees are in a semi-natural state.
		The Mediterranean riparian forests are characterized by poplars, willows, tamarisks, alders, plane trees.
	www.saveamericasforests.org /europages/regions.htm (373 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests (PA1207)
		This ecoregion lies in the heart of the Middle East along the Mediterranean coasts of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine and in the neighboring coastal plains and lowlands.
		The southern Mediterranean coast of Anatolia starting from Kemer in the west and extending through Iskenderun Bay in the east: From north to south, this ecoregion extends from the southern skirts of the Taurus Mountains through the coastal belt.
		The Mediterranean region and the Middle East are among the most degraded areas in the world due to their long history of heavy human settlement.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1207_full.html (3121 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Cyprus Mediterranean forests (PA1206) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although the island of Cyprus is small, the Cyprus Mediterranean Forests ecoregion includes a very wide range of elevations and habitats.
		Butterflies are abundant along the forest edges and near standing water, where they often drink from puddles with their long tongues.
		The most endangered forests today include the endemic cedar forests and fl pine forests, which are threatened by logging.
	nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1206.html (526 words)

	WWF Mediterranean Programme (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Taking a break from the labour-intensive activity to survey his farm, which has been in his family for five generations, he is quickly reminded of the age-old adage of his ancestors â“ Eucalyptus trees are for us, pine trees for our children, and cork trees for our grandchildren.
		Thousands of summer tourists, illegal sunbeds, umbrellas, bars and boats have once again invaded and irreparably damaged Greeceâs National Marine Park of Zakynthos, pushing the Mediterraneanâs largest nesting population of loggerhead turtles towards extinction.
		To mark World Water Day, WWF is working on clean-up projects in and around Montenegro's Lake Skadar, the largest lake in the Balkans and the largest body of fresh water in the Mediterranean region.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/mediterranean/index.cfm (436 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Ecology of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These broadleaved evergreen forests occupy a transitional zone between the cool-temperate deciduous forest biome and the drier Mediterranean pine forests and shrublands.
		This is a synthesis of 20 years of research on the structure, function, and dynamics of holm oak forests in two intensively studied experimental areas in Spain.
		Presents a synthesis of 20 years of research on the structure, function, and dynamics of holm oak forests in two intensively studied experimental areas in Spain.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/3540650199 (344 words)

	MEDPINE1
		Mediterranean pines as invaders in the southern hemisphere
		Revitalizing the cycle of the pine forests in Israel (Pinus halepensis, Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea)
		Towards sustainable forestry in the east Mediterranean, or from non-forest to sustainable forest: the Israeli case
	mofetsrv.mofet.macam98.ac.il /~gidi/MEDPINE1.html (661 words)

	Vegetation and Animal Life in France
		Mediterranean forests of pines and oaks in the southeast.
		Because of centuries of intensive agricultural and pastoral activity, the forests have been largely destroyed.
		Extensive forests now exist only in the mountains, on soils that are unsuitable for agriculture, and in protected forest preserves.
	www.discoverfrance.net /France/DF_florafauna.shtml (599 words)

	Table of contents for Valuing Mediterranean forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The state of Mediterranean forests Maurizio Merlo and Paolo Paiero 3.
		Institutional and policy implications in the Mediterranean region Paola Gatto and Maurizio Merlo 24.
		Forests and forestry -- Economic aspects -- Mediterranean Region.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip051/2004021953.html (260 words)

	World Wildlife Fund calls for the protection of ten Mediterranean forests
		The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has called on Mediterranean countries to undertake urgent action to safeguard ten forests that are seriously threatened by degradation in the Mediterranean basin.
		The call was launched at a news conference held in Rome on Thursday on the sidelines of the meeting of the Mediterranean commission at the U.N. Environment Program (UNEP).
		Fires alone entail every year the loss of 1% of forests, the WWF said calling for growing green belts to fight desertification and for updating legal texts to protect Mediterranean forests.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/990702/1999070254.html (246 words)

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