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Topic: Mediterranean Monk Seal

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	Ed Lonnon's Endangered Species Homepage - Monkseal
		The Mediterranean monk seal was first described by Aristotle in the third century B.C. The colouration of the upper side of the body is uniform brown and the lower underside is a spotted yellowish-white.
		Monk seals formerly were spread throughout the Mediterranean Sea, north west coast of Africa and the Black Sea.
		Monk seals typically seek food in water less than 30 metres deep, although an individual was reported to dive up to 75 metres deep.
	home.swiftdsl.com.au /~endangered/monkseal.htm (716 words)

	Disappearance
		The Mediterranean monk seal was first classified as endangered in 1966 by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
		Monk seals feed at night mostly in shallow coastal waters and sleep on beaches during the heat of day, often digging down to lie in cooler, damp sand.
		The shy monk seal is easily disturbed by humans, and most remaining Mediterranean monk seals come ashore only in small, hidden coastal caves and beaches.
	library.thinkquest.org /26615/en_seal.htm (381 words)

	Profiles: Mediterranean Monk Seal, Monachus monachus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Unlike the Caribbean and Hawaiian monk seals, the Mediterranean monk seal pups are born with a white or yellow patch on the belly of the otherwise fl, woolly coat.
		The Mediterranean monk seal is threatened by deliberate killings (fishers still consider the species a pest and a competitor for increasingly scarce resources), incidental capture in fishing gear, decreased food availability, destruction of habitat, and pollution.
		Because the Mediterranean monk seal is sensitive to human disturbance, continued development of once isolated habitat has had a significant effect on the already fragmented and declining species.
	www.monachus.org /profiles/mediseal.htm (1056 words)

	Waikiki Aquarium -- Research: Monk Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Monk seals are unique because they are the only seals to inhabit subtropical waters throughout their entire lifespans.
		Because monk seals are found in the subtropics, the way they remain cool even with a layer of blubber is still a bit of a mystery.
		Furthermore, by understanding the normal range of monk seal body temperatures, we may be able to use temperature as an indicator of health during the seals' check-ups.
	www.waquarium.org /research/monk_seals.html (393 words)

	Animal Info - Mediterranean Monk Seal
		The Mediterranean monk seal is now restricted to a handful of small and scattered colonies in the Ionian and Aegean Seas and the southern coast of Turkey in the Mediterranean, as well as scattered populations in northwest Africa on the coasts of Western Sahara and Mauritania, and the Desertas Islands, Madeira.
		In 1978, the distribution of the Mediterranean monk seal was described as follows: "The main center of population of the species is the Aegean Sea, especially its southern and eastern part, in the Dodecanese Islands of Greece and adjacent coasts of Turkey.
		The main threats facing the Mediterranean monk seal are deliberate killing by fishermen who perceive the species as a competitor for fish, entanglement in fishing gear, disturbance and habitat loss through development and tourism (including recreational diving), disease, and the effects of toxic algal blooms.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/carnivor/monamona.htm (1550 words)

	Mediterranean Monk Seal Action Plan
		The population of the Mediterranean monk seal have declined rapidly and drastically.
		Monk seal reserves should protect suitable caves or other breeding and resting areas, and should be surrounded by a buffer zone of 40 kilometers covering major fishing areas.
		The status of the monk seal and the content of this management plan should be reviewed by a regional expert meeting every two years and its report be submitted to the meeting of the contracting parties of the Barcelona Convention for endorsement.
	www.intfish.net /treaties/monkseal.htm (1315 words)

	Mediterranean Monk Seal
		Monk seals were placed under the protection of Apollo and Poseidon in ancient Greece, for their love of the sun and the sea.
		Monk seals were once a familiar sight as they sunned on the sandy beaches of the Mediterranean.
		Reproduction rates for monk seals are slow, because females begin breeding only at the age of four and have a pup only once every other year at most.
	www.robstewartphotography.com /facts/Monkseal.asp?i_id=737 (648 words)

	Bagheera: An Endangered Species and Endangered Animal Online Education Resource
		Monk seals are pinnipeds, a term which means "fin foot" and is used to describe seals, sea lions, and walruses.
		The monk seal has been called a "living fossil," because fossil records show it was hunting the tropical seas as long as 15 million years ago.
		The Mediterranean monk seal was first described by Aristotle in the third century B.C. As recently as the 16th century, there were enough Mediterranean monk seals to fuel a commercial harvest.
	www.bagheera.com /inthewild/van_anim_monkseal.htm (877 words)

	Meditteranean Monk Seal
		The name monk was attributed to this species of seal because it does not living in large groups preferring solitude and isolation from human presence and/or its head resembles the typical hood of some Catholic monks.
		On the North Atlantic coast of Mauritania (Cap Blanc) the monk seal population is estimated to be 100-150 animals, a population which for the last few years is under a serious threat due a virus epidemic.
		Monk seals in the past were giving birth to their pups on open beaches and big caves..
	www.geocities.com /oceanis_gr/seal.htm (744 words)

	PBS - The Voyage of the Odyssey - Track the Voyage - MEDITERRANEAN SEA
		The Mediterranean monk seal is the only seal found in the Mediterranean Sea and is the most endangered pinniped in the world.
		All Mediterranean monk seals retain a distinct white ventral patch throughout their lives that are distinct to individuals.
		The Hawaiian monk seal is restricted to the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and is slowing recovering from the brink of extinction with a population consisting of approximately 1500 animals.
	www.pbs.org /odyssey/odyssey/20040707_log_transcript.html (1294 words)

	The Mediterranean Monk Seal presented in Animals section
		The Mediterranean monk seal is one of the world’s rarest mammals.
		The Mediterranean monk seal was one of 14 mammals listed as “in need of emergency action if they are to be saved from extinction” by the International Union for the Protection of Nature (as the IUCN was then called) at its first technical conference in 1949.
		As of 1992, the Mediterranean monk seal was thought to have become extinct in mainland France, Spain, Italy and Tunisia, in Egypt, Israel, the Canary Islands and probably the Crimea (northern Black Sea), Cyprus, Lebanon, and Syria.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/the_mediterranean_monk_seal (979 words)

	Monk Seal Research In Mediterranean Sea
		The Mediterranean monk seal conservation issue is one of the vital subjects for the protection of the species diversity and habitat diversity in the Aegean and Mediterranean Sea.
		Gucu, A. Mediterranean monk seal of the Cilician Basin, Northeastern Mediterranean.
		Ozturk, B., Dede, A. Present status of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus Hermann, 1779) on the coast of Foca in the Bay of Ýzmir (the Aegean Sea).
	www.tudav.org /monk_seal.htm (3131 words)

	Save the Whales
		The Mediterranean monk seal, which can reach a length of just under 10 feet and an average weight of roughly 750 pounds at maturity, is being steadily driven toward extinction by tourism, fishing and pollution, which have markedly increased over the last 50 years.
		An earless, gray- or brown-shaded creature who feeds on fish and octopi, the monk seal survives mainly in the rocky islands and caves off the coasts of Greece and Turkey and, to a lesser extent, off the North African coast.
		The caves where most Mediterranean monk seals live and breed, seeking a respite from humans, are not entirely safe for pups due to occasional floodings.
	savethewhales.org /monk.html (424 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Mediterranean monk seal
		Mediterranean monk seals can be found in numerous small inlets and sea caves of the Mediterranean, Black Sea, and off the north-western coast of Africa to Madeira and the Canaries.
		Seals typically seek food in water less than 30 metres deep, although an individual was reported to dive up to 75m deep.
		The social structure of the monk seal is still subject to further investigation by scientists.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/176.shtml (300 words)

	[No title]
		These populations of monk seals have been separated for so long that scientists consider them separate species, although physically and behaviorally they are very similar.
		Factors which threaten the persistence and recovery of monk seal populations include disturbance by human activities, interactions with fisheries, mobbing of females by males at certain locations, and shark predation.
		An adult monk seal is usually dark grey or brown with a light grey or yellow belly.
	www.lycos.com /info/monk--monk-seals.html (506 words)

	Now what should we do? - saving the rapidly vanishing number of the Mediterranean monk seal International Wildlife - ...
		The population of the Mediterranean monk seal, as this elusive mammal is called, is down to a total of 300 to 500 animals.
		The Mediterranean monk seal is one of three closely related species, all doomed to collide with humans.
		But many Mediterranean fisheries are fading away, and people grasping at the last of their livelihood begrudge every fish in another creature's mouth.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1170/is_n5_v24/ai_15714765 (851 words)

	Mediterranean Monk Seal News I - Monachus Guardian 9 (1): June 2006
		When the seal died, as they habitually tended to do in the appalling conditions in which they were kept, the brothers reputedly used their profits to enter the wine and catering industry.
		The role of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in European history and culture, from the fall of Rome to the 20th century.
		Investigating the causes of the death in monk seals, stranded in coastal Greece.
	www.monachus-guardian.org /mguard17/1714mednew.htm (1329 words)

	untitled
		Monk Seals are often faithful to their birth site and may return year upon year to give birth or feed and rest.
		Monk seals are also assumed to prey on pelagic (open ocean) species, but only because the monk seal is known to travel long distances in the open ocean.
		Monk seal species have shown alarming population declines in recent years due to the rapid spread of human activity to even the most remote and isolated areas.
	www.birdinghawaii.co.uk /XMonkSeal2.htm (3117 words)

	Monk seals
		The monk seal is dark brown to fl in colour and lighter ventrally.
		The monk seal can be found in countries around the Mediterranean Sea, on islands in the Adriatic Sea, on the Madeira Islands, the Canary Islands and the Atlantic ridge islands.
		Monk seals get entangled in fishing nets and are shot by fishermen, trying to protect their nets.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/monkseal.htm (1043 words)

	ALONNISOS TRAVEL
		The seal Monachus Monachus or Mediterranean monk seal is a marine mammal that belongs to the seal family.
		Today the largest population of seals in the Mediterranean is found in Greece, spread out over the whole of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, while it is significant that the species has essentially disappeared from the industrialized Western Mediterranean.
		Because of its high position in the ecological pyramid the monk seal may be considered as an indicator of the health of the marine environment and is certainly a symbol.
	www.alonnisostravel.gr /info/monkseal.htm (591 words)

	UNEP-WCMC - Mediterranean Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mediterranean Monk Seal - Monachus monachus (Hermann, 1779).
		Estimates by the IUCN/SSC Seal Specialist Group for some population sizes within the species range are as follows: Albania 20; Algeria 10 to 30; Cyprus and Turkey 20 to 50; Portugal (Desertas Islands) 8 to 10; Greece 200 to 250; Libya 0 to 20; Mediterranean Morocco 10 to 20; Mauritania 130; Croatia 25.
		Recommendations in the IUCN/SSC Seal Specialist Group 1993 Action Plan are: to determine the status of Mediterranean Monk Seal populations, to involve fishermen its protection and to establish a captive breeding programme.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /species/data/species_sheets/medmonk.htm (585 words)

	Mediterranean Monk Seal
		Historically, the Mediterranean monk seal occupied a wide geographical range with colonies throughout the Mediterranean, Marmara and Black seas, and even along the Atlantic coast of Africa.
		During the 20th century, the monk seal was extirpated from mainland France and Corsica, Spain and the Balearic Islands, Italy, Sicily and the Toscana archipelago, and Egypt, Israel, Lebanon and Tunisia.
		Because the Mediterranean monk seal is sensitive to human disturbance, continued development of once isolated habitat has had a significant impact on the already fragmented and declining species.
	www.tierramerica.net /2001/1216/ilosabias.shtml (535 words)

	Mediterranean Monk Seal News II - Monachus Guardian 2 (1): May 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Kimolos and Polyaigos were found to be monk seal breeding habitats of national importance, since a relatively large number of monk seal breeding shelters are located in the area.
		These shelters are used on year-round basis by the local monk seal population, which is estimated at between 19 and 40 seals.
		The present population is estimated to be between 10 and 20 monk seals.
	www.monachus.org /mguard03/03mednex.htm (2126 words)

	Mediterranean Monk Seal News I - Monachus Guardian 7 (2): November 2004
		Its aim was the protection of the Mediterranean monk seal through the implementation of specific management actions in two of the species’ most important habitats in Europe: the Karpathos-Saria area in the southeastern Aegean and the Kimolos-Polyaigos complex in the Cyclades [TMG Mediterranean News, passim].
		During the four years of the programme, it was possible to gain a comprehensive picture of the status of the Mediterranean monk seal, which verified the significance of these areas for the species.
		Thus, awareness-raising actions and monitoring of the Mediterranean monk seal population will continue in Kimolos with the support of the PEP programme for the South Aegean, while actions in the area of North Karpathos have been included in the proposals of the Management Body for funding by the Entrepreneurial Programme for the Environment.
	www.monachus-guardian.org /mguard14/1414mednew.htm (2870 words)

	oonderer Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Monk Seal is a chubby marine mammal of about 2-3 meters in length and weighing approximately 200-300 kg.
		Adult monk seals have hard and short hairs (0.5 cm.) covering their body all over.
		Mediterranean monk seal pups are generally born in September and October with a fl coat and a yellowish white patch on their stomach.
	www.onderer.com /animals/monk_seal.html (248 words)

	National Marine Park of Alonissos - Mediterrannean monk seal monachus-monachus
		The seal Monachus Monachus or Mediterranean monk seal is a marine mammal which belongs to the seal family.
		It is one of the largest seal species in the world, with a length of 2-3 metres and an average weight of 250 kg.
		Today the largest population of seals in the Mediterranean is found in Greece, spread out over the whole of the Aegean and Ionian Seas, while it is significant that the species has essentially disappeared from the industrialised Western Mediterranean.
	www.alonissos.com /monk_en.htm (654 words)

	Caribbean Monk Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Caribbean Monk Seal or West Indian Monk Seal (Monachus tropicalis), the only seal ever known to be native to the Caribbean sea and the Gulf of Mexico, is now considered extinct.
		The Caribbean Monk Seal was a relatively small seal (6-9 feet) with rolls of fat around its neck and brown pelage that faded to a yellow-white color on the stomach.
		Nonetheless, local fishermen and divers regularly claim to have seen the seal, making the existence of this animal still a possibility, though some biologists believe that these sightings surely may be of wandering hooded seals, which have been positively identified in islands such as Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caribbean_Monk_Seal (455 words)

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