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Topic: Mediterranean woodlands and forests

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Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Shrub

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	Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub is a temperate biome, characterized by hot-dry summers and mild and rainy winters.
		Forest: Mediterranean forests are generally composed of broadleaf evergreen trees, such as the oak and mixed sclerophyll forests of California and the Mediterranean region, the Eucalyptus forests of Southwest Australia, and the Nothofagus forests of central Chile.
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests · Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests · Temperate coniferous forests · Boreal forests/taiga ·Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_shrub (892 words)

	Mediterranean Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mediterranean Basin was shaped by the ancient collision of the northward-moving African-Arabian continent with the stable Eurasian continent.
		Mediterranean shrublands are known as matorral in Spain, macchia in Italy, and maquis in France and elsewhere around the Mediterranean.
		Forests are distinct from woodlands in having a closed canopy, and occur in the areas of highest rainfall and in riparian zones along rivers and streams where they receive summer water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mediterranean_Basin (1256 words)

	Taiga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Canada, boreal forest is the term used to refer to the southern part of this biome, while "taiga" is used to describe the more barren northern areas south of the Arctic tree-line.
		The forests of the taiga are largely coniferous, dominated by larch, spruce, fir, and pine.
		Boreal forests/taiga ·Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub · Deserts and xeric shrublands · Mangrove
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taiga (3202 words)

	Mediterranean Sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the south by Africa, and on the east by Asia.
		Large islands in the Mediterranean include Cyprus, Crete, Euboea, Rhodes, Lesbos, Chios, Kefalonia and Corfu in the eastern Mediterranean; Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily, and Malta in the central Mediterranean; and Ibiza, Majorca and Minorca (the Balearic Islands) in the western Mediterranean.
		As a result of the drying of the sea during the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the marine biota of the Mediterranean are derived primarily from the Atlantic Ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mediterranean_Sea (1581 words)

	Forests : 1. What is a forest?
		Some legal definitions of ‘forest’ are based on the actual vegetation on the ground, whereas other definitions are based on a defined land area which may have no vegetation on it at all but is legally under the jurisdiction of the national agency which manages forests and natural resources.
		Forests are often broadly classified by biomes, which are forest types corresponding to the climatic regions of the earth in which they occur.
		Forests are either directly affected by human activities such as cutting, planting and drainage, or indirectly by manipulation of the grazing regime, air pollution and other factors.
	www.forestfacts.org /l_3/forests_1.htm (2249 words)

	NTPC DOCUMENT (NWFP FAO)
		The Mediterranean eco-region is one of the 233 eco-regions with outstanding biodiversity at a global scale.
		Located in the Northern Hemisphere subtropical zone, between 28 and 45 degrees, the Mediterranean eco-region extends from the Atlantic Coast to the Caspian Sea and from the mountain ranges of the Alps to the Saharan desert.
		The rich biodiversity of the Mediterranean flora results from the adaptation to the climatic conditions and particularly, to the characteristic water shortage conditions during the dry summer period.
	www.fao.org /docrep/x5593e/x5593e02.htm (603 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Mediterranean Basin - Overview
		The flora of the Mediterranean Basin is dramatic.
		The Mediterranean monk-seal, the barbary macaque and the Iberian lynx, which is Critically Endangered, are among the region’s imperiled species.
		The climate of the Mediterranean Basin is dominated by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers, and rainfall ranges from as little as 100 millimeters to as much as 3,000 millimeters.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/mediterranean (411 words)

	Mediterranean Sea - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		It is also called the Eurafrican Mediterranean Sea or the European Mediterranean Sea in oceanography to distinguish it from other mediterranean seas in the world.
		Tides are very limited in the Mediterranean as a result of the narrow connection with the ocean.
		The Mediterranean Sea has an average depth of 1,500 m and the deepest recorded point is 5267 meters = about 3.27 miles in the Calypso Deep in the Ionian Sea.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/m/e/d/Mediterranean_Sea_0b44.html (1113 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa - Human Impacts
		Much of the hotspot's original forests have been lost to agricultural conversion and urbanization, and only about 10 percent of the original vegetation - 29,125 km² - remains in pristine condition.
		The remaining forest covers about 2 km² along the Jubba River of Somalia, 787 km² in Kenya, 692 km² in Tanzania, and at least 4,778 km² in Mozambique.
		Forests close to tourist areas, such as Arabuko-Sokoke Forest near Malindi and Watamu in Kenya, suffer from the high demand for carving wood (Brachylaena huillensis) and timber for the construction of hotels, private residences and tourist attractions.
	www.conservation.org /xp/Hotspots/coastal_forests/impacts.xml (513 words)

	Unasylva - No. 154 - Agroforestry - pathways - Integrating goats into Mediterranean forests
		Because of their importance as a food source, Mediterranean forests are traditionally an integral part of the feeding calendar of domestic animals and consequently of the pastoral systems of the region.
		In the arid and semi-arid regions of the Mediterranean Basin, where summers are very long and dry, establishment of plantations with fodder shrubs appears to be a solution toward securing roughages that are rich in protein and minerals for goats and at the same time reducing the pressure on forests.
		Since forests are suitable for grazing only for a limited number of years within their rotation time, and only for a few months each year, goat management must be adjusted to these limitations.
	www.fao.org /docrep/50630e/50630e06.htm (4691 words)

	Biodiversity Hotspots - Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa - Overview
		The hotspot stretches farther south into Tanzania (where some outlying forest patches occur about 300 km inland), and along nearly the entire coast of Mozambique, ending at the Limpopo River (south of which is the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Hotspot).
		The hotspot's vegetation is a complex mix of moist forests and dry forests, with coastal thicket, fire-climax savanna woodlands, seasonal and permanent swamps, and littoral habitats that include mangrove vegetation along some parts of the coast.
		The lattice of roots of mangrove forests serve to stabilize coastal areas and act as nursery areas for fish; however, demand for building poles and fuel wood has degraded many areas of mangroves.
	www.biodiversityhotspots.org /xp/Hotspots/coastal_forests (404 words)

	Corsica - France.com
		The natural vegetation was Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub.
		The coastal lowlands are part of the Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests ecoregion, in which forests and woodlands of evergreen sclerophyll oaks predominate, chiefly Holm Oak (Quercus ilex) and Cork Oak (Quercus suber).
		The mountains are cooler and wetter, and home to the Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion, which support diverse forests of oak, pine, and broadleaf deciduous trees, with vegetation more typical of northern Europe on the slopes of the highest peaks.
	www.france.com /docs/595.html (1130 words)

	WWF-Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Forests of Ibradi-Akseki fall in the Global Eco-Region of Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands and Scrub (F/S) [123] in southern Turkey.
		Therefore, the forests of Ibradi-Akseki have diverse forest types and habitats that are unique to both floristic regions from the sea level to highlands: calabrian pine, cedar (Cedrus libani), juniper and sub-alpine grasslands.
		The local forest authority has sown fodder plants in some parts of the pasturelands to meet the local grazing demand in the past years, but it has been unable to protect the area from overgrazing.
	www.wwf.org.tr /en/ormanlar_dunya_sn_iao.asp (596 words)

	Palearctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Central Asia and the Iranian plateau are home to dry steppe grasslands and desert basins with montane forests woodlands and in the region's high mountains and plateaux.
		The Caucasus mountains which run between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea are a particularly rich mix of broadleaf and mixed forests and include the temperate rain forests of the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion.
		The lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea in southern Europe north Africa and Asia are home to the Mediterranean basin which together constitute world's largest and most mediterranean climate region of the world with generally rainy winters and hot dry summers.
	www.freeglossary.com /Palearctic (1278 words)

	NATEXAMINER: Biomes
		Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub (temperate warm, semi-humid to semi-arid with winter rainfall)
		Temperate coniferous forests are a terrestrial biome found in temperate regions of the world with warm summers and cool winters and adequate rainfall to sustain a forest.
		A rainforest, or a wet forest, is a forested biome with high annual rainfall.
	www.natexaminer.com /biomes.html (724 words)

	WWF in Action
		Mediterranean forests, woodlands, grasslands and scrubs are vital centres of biodiversity, with a wealth of landscapes from the Portuguese cork forests to the cedars of Lebanon; from the acacia woodlands of North Africa and the Middle East to the firs of the Italian Apennines.
		Workshops for local foresters and periodical meetings with the inhabitants of Feija were held, to debate the threats to and opportunities for conservation.
		The project was implemented in collaboration with the local forest administration and the education department, and succeeded in creating a bridge for constructive dialogue between the local community and the authorities, with WWF acting as a facilitator.
	www.atw-wwf.org /CBM/4.htm (2035 words)

	Mediterranean Chaparral
		Mediterranean Chaparral biome is localized in the coastal areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea including parts of Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor.
		This subtropical Mediterranean biome, composed of shrub lands and woodlands is called the maquis in Europe.
		Mediterranean regions have long been impacted by humans especially through the use of fire and livestock grazing.
	www.blueplanetbiomes.org /med_chaparral.htm (620 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Mediterranean woodlands and forests (PA1214)
		The Mediterranean Woodland and Forest ecoregion stretches from the coastal plains to the hills of northern Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, and eventually surrounds the Atlas Mountains.
		The Mediterranean Woodland and Forest ecoregion includes the lowlands and mid-elevations of the northern half of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and two Spanish sovereign areas, Ceuta and Melilla, located in Morocco.
		Berber thuya forests and woodlands are mainly distributed in the dry and mild lowlands and hills of the northern half of the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of Morocco, the western half of the Algerian coast, and some mountain areas along the north-eastern coast of Tunisia.
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa1214_full.html (2690 words)

	Mediterranean Woodlands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mediterranean woodlands grow in five widely scattered regions.
		Woodlands similar to the maquis occupy the region of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.
		In southwestern Australia, eucalyptus trees and protea shrubs dominate the jarrah and karri forests that occupy the zone of Mediterranean climate.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /nature_gallery/eco_meditwoodlands.html (397 words)

	15/5/2006 -- Mediterranean Cork Oak Forests at Stake in Wine Closure Battle
		The survival of these unique forests depends upon the market for cork wine closures, but the WWF report, "Cork Screwed?" says the trend away from cork stoppers could lead, in the worst case scenario, to synthetic and screw tops holding 95 percent of the wine closure market by 2015.
		Farmers in Monchique lost 70,000 hectares of woodlands in the forest fires that swept Portugal in 2003.
		To address the loss of the cork oak forests, last June 2005 WWF launched a project with Portugal’s reforestation commission and local landowners in the Algarve, aimed at preventing large-scale forest fires in the future.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=56308 (1413 words)

	The Definitive Guide to Woodland XXXX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Zambezian and Mopane woodlands (Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe)
		Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests (Lesotho, South Africa, Swaziland)
		Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe (Iran, Turkmenistan)
	www.xxxx.com /s/Woodland (315 words)

	WWF - Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands and Scrub - A Global Ecoregion
		Today, many of the countries that contain areas of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub are major producers of olive oil.
		The Mediterranean Forests, Woodlands, and Scrub is one of only five shrublands of its kind, which together support 20 percent of the plant species on Earth.
		Frequent fires, logging of remaining native woodlands, exotic species, and intensive grazing are also threats.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/mediterranean_forests_scrub.cfm (421 words)

	GED 1.1 Template
		Moist tropical evergreen forests (with a small element of deciduous species), seasonally wet semi-evergreen forests, and wet savannas, widespread south and north of the equator, are identified in connection with seasonal dynamics of humidity.
		The classification of tropical rain forests by Aubreville (1965) based on floristic criteria (dominance of specific genera and families) is used in the legend of this map to show the regional distinctions of this type of vegetation.
		Southern subtropical vegetation is represented by evergreen and semi-evergreen forests in Australia, New Zealand, and the Cape region of Africa.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/cdroms/EcosystemsB/datasets/fvv/fvv.htm (3078 words)

	The Ultimate Mediterranean Sea Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The history of the Mediterranean is important to understanding the origin and development of Western Civilization as is understood as of 2005.
		Even now the Mediterranean is relatively salty compared to the adjacent North Atlantic due to its near isolation by the Straits of Gibraltar and its high rate of evaporation.
		The possible flooding of the Black Sea from the Mediterranean is thought to have happened near the dawn of recorded history and may provide a more recent basis for such myths.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Mediterranean (1161 words)

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