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Topic: Medium (optics)

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	Optics - MSN Encarta
		In geometrical optics the wave theory of light is ignored and rays are traced through an optical system by applying the laws of reflection and refraction.
		If a light ray that is traveling through one homogeneous medium is incident on the surface of a second homogeneous medium, part of the light is reflected and part may enter the second medium as the refracted ray and may or may not undergo absorption in the second medium.
		If the surface of the second medium is smooth or polished, it may act as a mirror and produce a reflected image.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576625/Optics.html (1213 words)

	Optics - MSN Encarta
		If a ray is incident obliquely, then a ray entering a medium with a higher refractive index is bent toward the normal, and a ray entering a medium of lower refractive index is deviated away from the normal.
		To an observer in a less dense medium such as air, an object in a denser medium appears to lie closer to the boundary than is the actual case.
		If rays parallel to the optic axis are incident on a spherical surface, they are reflected or refracted so that they intersect or appear to intersect at a point on the optic axis.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576625_2/Optics.html (1564 words)

	Medium Information - medium
		In astronomy, the interplanetary medium or the interstellar medium.
		The medium shot medium of instruction is the language used to teach in.
		In parapsychology, a spiritual medium is a person who claims to serve as an intermediary between the living and the dead.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_Me_-_N-/Medium.html (519 words)

	Akhlesh Lakhtakia
		Lakhtakia, 'On the quasistatic approximation for helicoidal bianisotropic mediums,' Electromagnetics, 19, 1999, 513 - 525.
		Ertekin & A. Lakhtakia, 'Optical interconnects realizable with thin-film helicoidal bianisotropic mediums,' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 457, 2001, 817 - 836.
		T.G. Mackay, A. Lakhtakia & W.S. Weiglhofer, 'Ellipsoidal topology, orientation diversity and correlation length in bianisotropic composite mediums,' Archiv für Elektronik und Übertragungstechnik, 55, 2001, 243 - 251.
	www.esm.psu.edu /~axl4/lakhtakia/Njournal9901.html (1941 words)

	Quantum Optics in Random Media
		A random medium in optics is a medium in which the dielectric function varies randomly with position.
		For a random medium, S is a random quantity, and one has to consider an ensemble of samples with small variations in the positions of the scatterers.
		Since a random medium is described by an ensemble of sample, the computed linewidth is a random quantity, too.
	www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl /~patra/quantumoptics/index.html (1448 words)

	Non-Linear Optics with Matter Waves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Thus, the behavior of a transparent medium can depend on how intense the light is, a "non-linearity" that has led to such interesting phenomena as self-focusing of light, and optical harmonic generation--the creation of new colors of light from a single color.
		A key difference is that while non-linear photon optics requires a non-linear medium through which the light can propagate, the non-linearity is automatically present in atom optics because of atom-atom collisional interactions, something that is virtually absent for photons in vacuum.
		One important non-linear optics phenomenon is four-wave-mixing (4WM), in which three optical fields mix in a non-linear medium and create a fourth wave.
	physics.nist.gov /Divisions/Div842/Gp4/AtomOptics/4wm.html (602 words)

	Optics Extensions
		If a light ray traveling through one uniform medium strikes on the surface of a second uniform medium, a portion of the light is reflected and part may be refracted and enter the second medium.
		It is predicted by the field of geometrical optics that rays of light originating from a point are imaged by spherical optical parts as a small blur.
		Physical optics deals with the study of the polarization of light, interference and diffraction, and the spectral emission, composition, and absorption of light.
	www.sciencebyjones.com /optics_extensions.htm (4470 words)

	SparkNotes: Geometric Optics: Glossary for Geometric Optics
		If the speed of light in the transmitting medium is different to the incident medium, this causes the light ray to change direction.
		Index of refraction - The index of refraction is a measure of the density of a dielectric medium, and relates to the amount of bending experienced by a light ray as it enters that medium.
		Total internal reflection - When light is in a dense medium and is incident on an interface with a less dense medium, it is possible for all the light to be reflected and remain inside the denser medium (none is transmitted).
	www.sparknotes.com /physics/optics/geom/terms.html (1269 words)

	Optics Made Plane
		In the upper medium, near P, it is, of course, a sphere.
		In the final medium, the image is (na + t)/n = a + t/n from the bottom of the slab, instead of the actual distance of P, which is a + t.
		If light is incident from the denser medium on the smooth, clean interface of a rarer medium at such an angle that there cannot be a refracted ray (its sine becoming greater than one when Snell's Law is used), all the energy is reflected as from a perfect mirror.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/optics/plane.htm (3818 words)

	Medium (optics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An optical medium is material through which electromagnetic waves propagate.
		The permittivity and permeability of the medium define how electromagnetic waves propagate in it.
		The medium has an intrinsic impedance, given by
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medium_(optics) (178 words)

	Outline - Physical Optics - Physics 106
		The velocity of a wave depends on the medium in which the wave travels.
		The index of refraction n of a medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum (or air) c to the speed of light in a medium v.
		When it goes from a more to a less dense medium, there is no change of phase for the reflected wave.
	www.wellesley.edu /Physics/phyllisflemingphysics/106_o_physoptics.html (1729 words)

	Polarmetric Imaging in a Turbid Media
		Recent studies show that the properties of a turbid medium can be measured by shining a polarized laser beam onto the sample and analyzing the state of polarization of the diffusely backscattered light.
		The investigated applications for this technique include measurements for the average particle size, the scattering coefficient, and the anisotropy factor of the particle suspensions, the study of biological material, the measure of average photon path lengths, and how these variables change for both normal and diseased cells and tissues.
		The concept of the effective Mueller matrix was generalized, and the researchers measured the two-dimensional Mueller matrix of the backscattered light from a turbid medium.
	biomed.tamu.edu /obsl/mueller.htm (448 words)

	Optics
		In an isotropic medium, light rays are parallel to the wave vector k.
		Refraction is the change in direction of propagation of a wave when the wave passes from one medium into another and changes its speed.
		When light passes from one transparent medium to another, the rays are bent toward the surface normal if the speed of light is smaller in the second medium than in the first.
	electron9.phys.utk.edu /optics421/modules/m1/waveoptics.htm (869 words)

	Dispersion (optics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In optics, dispersion is a phenomenon that causes the separation of a wave into spectral components with different wavelengths, due to a dependence of the wave's speed on its wavelength.
		The most commonly seen consequence of dispersion in optics is the separation of white light into a color spectrum by a prism.
		The overall dispersion of the optical resonator is a major factor in determining the duration of the pulses emitted by the laser.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dispersion_(optics) (1378 words)

	Medium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Medium (spirituality), a person who claims to serve as a spiritual intermediary
		Medium of instruction, the language or other tools used to educate, train, or instruct
		Growth medium, in biotechnology, an object in which microorganisms or cells in experience growth
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medium (279 words)

	Sparkle Optics
		Santanu Basu, the founder of Sparkle Optics Corporation documented the rotary disk laser concept for making high power single-mode solid state lasers in his doctoral thesis at Stanford University in 1988 [ref 1].
		Due to the static gain medium, which accumulates heat due to the quantum defect, the power, the energy output, the beam quality and the laser brightness of traditional solid state lasers have been severely limited.
		Sparkle Optics has pioneered the use of motion as a new control variable in the design of solid state lasers.
	www.sparkleoptics.com /technology.htm (296 words)

	[No title]
		Lakhtakia & W.S. Weiglhofer, 'Influence of pitch on attenuation and handedness of axial propagation modes in helicoidal bianisotropic mediums,' Optics Communications, 111, 1994, 199 - 202; erratum: 113, 1995, 570.
		Wang & A. Lakhtakia, 'Optical crossover phenomenon due to a central 90° twist defect in a chiral sculptured thin film or chiral liquid crystal,' Proceedings of Royal Society London A, 461, 2005, 2985 - 3004.
		W.S. Weiglhofer & A. Lakhtakia, 'Wave propagation in a continuously twisted biaxial dielectric medium parallel to the helical axis,' Optik, 96, 1994, 179 - 183.
	www.esm.psu.edu /~axl4/lakhtakia/ALHBMs.html (4182 words)

	SPIE Proceedings Vol. 3485
		The nonlinear polarization of such a medium is of the same order of magnitude as the linear polarization.
		Interpretation of the phenomena is based on the phenomenological model of the coherent photogalvanic effect tending to inhomogeneous accumulation of volume charges and reverse influence of static electric field on beams propagation by electro-optical effects.
		In optics such an approach is usually well-grounded because of the smallness of these sizes compared with the wavelength $lambda@.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/3400/3485.html (11436 words)

	Effects of an Absorbing Medium on a Linear Pulse
		A linear pulse moves in various ways depending on the medium that it occupies.
		Under these circumstances, Chu and Wong found that the pulse moving through the absorbing medium not only traveled at the group velocity of the laser, but it also came out of the absorbing medium with approximately the same pulse width with a Gaussian shape.
		In the figure, the absorbing medium is a sample of Ga P:N. As stated above, when certain conditions are met in the experiment for measuring the velocity of the linear pulse through the absorbing medium, the pulse velocity was discovered experimentally to be close to the group velocity.
	www.u.arizona.edu /~svangaal/report.htm (922 words)

	Mark P. Silverman: Optics / Electrodynamics
		Reflection and refraction from a homogeneous gyrotropic medium
		Reflection and refraction at the surface of a chiral medium
		Observation of chiral asymmetry in the specular reflection of polarised light from a naturally optically active medium
	www.trincoll.edu /~silverma/Papers/oe.html (406 words)

	Bronica Lens Resolution Tests
		The later lenses were also multicoated (MC) optics, offering a modest benefit in anti-flare performance over the singly coated optics.
		Very few lenses in medium format test as well as 80 lpm or "very good" at any center point, so a lens that rates "good" may perform quite well, and acceptable means just that.
		For the Bronicas, Kowas, and Koni-Omega optics, these lenses are raving bargains against current medium format lenses and cameras which cost up to ten or more times as much.
	medfmt.8k.com /bronres.html (832 words)

	Telephoto Medium Format Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Medium format cameras come in a variety of formats and aspect ratios, with 6x4.5cm, 6x6cm, 6x7cm, and 6x9cm being the most common.
		So you would estimate that a 300mm lens on medium format 6x6cm is roughly equivalent in usage to a 200mm lens on a 35mm SLR (3:2 as 300:200mm).
		What this means in practice is that a medium format photographer may be using a 300mm f/5.6 telephoto lens with ASA400 film and get similar or better results than a 35mm SLR user with a 300mm f/4 or even 300mm f/2.8 lens with ASA100 film.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/telephoto.html (16258 words)

	Dropship Command Armory
		The Beta config, also a fire support variant carries its armament of twin Diverse Optics Sunbeam ER large lasers, and a pair of LB 5-X autocannons one mounted directly under each ER large laser in the arms.
		Linked Diverse Optics medium pulse lasers nestled in the left and right torso's are the mechs only secondary weapons.
		In each arm this mech carries a Diverse Optics Series 20 large pulse laser, and a Diverse Optics medium pulse laser.
	www.tro42.com /DSCA/IS/loki1.html (601 words)

	Honeywell Airport Systems: Obstruction Lighting: Products & Services: FlashGuard 3000B: Product Overview
		The FlashGuard 3000B Medium Intensity Dual Lighting System combines a daytime white strobe light and a nighttime red flashing light into a single flashhead, eliminating the need for two separate lighting systems.
		Medium Intensity obstruction lighting systems are typically used on structures between 150' (45M) and 500' (150M) above ground level to provide aviation safety.
		Honeywell medium intensity obstruction lights are designed for lighting tall structures such as communication, television and radio towers, smokestacks, cooling towers, tall buildings, catenary river crossings and bridges.
	airportsystems.honeywell.com /oblighting/products/fg3000b (443 words)

	FlashGuard 3000B Medium Intensity Dual Lighting System
		The FlashGuard 3000B Medium Intensity Dual Lighting System combines a daytime white strobe light and a nighttime red flashing strobe into a single flashhead, eliminating the need for two separate lighting systems.
		The use of a medium intensity white strobe during the daytime typically eliminates the need to paint the structure with aviation orange and white stripes.
		Honeywell medium intensity obstruction lights are designed for lighting tall structures such as communication, television and radio towers, chimneys, cooling towers, tall buildings, catenary river crossings and bridges.
	www.flightlight.com /airportlighting/honeywell_web/H51_FG3000B/H51.html (444 words)

	Optics pages
		In the few cases where the nature of the recording medium is important, this will be emphasized.
		Spherical aberration occurs when the lens margins focus the light closer to -or further from- the sensor than the lens center.
		Surely there are a lot of misconceptions in the field of photographic optics.
	www.pinnipedia.org /optics.html (523 words)

	SPIE Proceedings Vol. 3486
		Abstract: The geometrical optics method permits to make preliminary conclusions about optical singularities formation and their location after specific phase object: the necessary and sufficient conditions of optical singularities existence are worked out.
		Abstract: The performance of a recently developed nonlinear optics epoxy-based polymer with covalently attached dye molecules is investigated.
		Fields of their potential applications in the real-time holography and nonlinear optics are discussed.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/3400/3486.html (2598 words)

	Eagle Optics - Eagle Optics Birders T-Shirt Medium
		The watchful eye of a Northern Shrike accents this comfy, durable medium Eagle Optics tee shirt — striking with fl lettering and artwork on bright, white fabric.
		Eagle Optics maintains a free 30-day unconditional guarantee — we want you to be completely satisfied with your purchase.
		All text and graphics are copyright Eagle Optics unless otherwise noted and may not be copied without the express written consent of Eagle Optics.
	www.eagleoptics.com /index.asp?pid=4612 (139 words)

	Recent Publications
		Optics Express, Volume 14, issue 22, October 2006.
		Optics Express, Volume 13, No. 14, July 2005.
		Optics Express, Volume 12, No. 20, 4742-4750 October 4, 2004.
	www.its.caltech.edu /~vahalagr/html/recent_publications.html (830 words)

	medium - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Medium (nt), medium, medium, medium, medium (het) : AllWords.com Multi-Lingual Dictionary [home, info]
		Phrases that include medium: medium of exchange, contrast medium, interstellar medium, medium term, growth medium, more...
		Words similar to medium: average, intermediate, media, metier, spiritualist, culture medium, more...
	www.onelook.com /?loc=pub&w=medium (542 words)

	Action Optics Polarized Sunglasses - Otis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With a hint of yellow in this medium dark brown lens, it provides a great combination of contrast and true color transmission.
		Optimum performance is in medium to bright conditions.
		Copper provides medium contrast with increased definition and is very comfortable and soothing on the eyes.
	www.technical-gear.com /sunglasses/by_brand/action_optics/otis.htm (375 words)

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