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Topic: Medulla

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medulla oblongata

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	IX. Neurology. 3. The Spinal Cord or Medulla Spinalis. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		It is separated from the surface of the medulla spinalis by a layer of white substance which is traversed by the bundles of the anterior nerve roots.
		The posterior gray commissure reaches from the central canal to the posterior median septum, and is thinnest in the thoracic region, and thickest in the conus medullaris.
		Throughout the cervical and thoracic regions the central canal is situated in the anterior third of the medulla spinalis; in the lumbar enlargement it is near the middle, and in the conus medullaris it approaches the posterior surface.
	www.bartleby.com /107/185.html (6259 words)

	Medulla oblongata - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem.
		The medulla is often thought of as being in two parts, an open part (close to the pons), and a closed part (further down towards the spinal cord).
		The 'opening' referred to is on the dorsal side of the medulla, and forms part of the fourth ventricle of the brain.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medulla_oblongata (504 words)

	Medulla - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Medulla in general means the inner part, and derives from the Latin word for 'marrow'.
		the medulla oblongata, a part of the brainstem
		the adrenal medulla, a part of the adrenal gland
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Medulla (130 words)

	Björk: Medulla: Pitchfork Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Medulla suggests that if she is artistically important-- and I should preface all of this by stating I don't normally evaluate music or musicians based on my perception of their "importance"; Björk simply makes it difficult to do otherwise-- it's as a small scale model of the same individualist, mundane obsessions that dominate popular culture.
		Medulla (her fifth album, and first since 2001's imperfect, introspective Vespertine) presents no set of ideas more compelling than those concerning its creator, her whims and impressions.
		Medulla is the result of concentrated efforts on behalf of the best and brightest Björk could round up, and in the spirit of her symbolic godfather Miles Davis, betrays her knack for using talent to her best advantage.
	www.pitchforkmedia.com /record-reviews/b/bjork/medulla.shtml (1023 words)

	Text for Medulla Sections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The dorsal columns and their nuclei are prominent in the dorsal half of the medulla, while the medullary pyramids (the corticobulbospinal tracts) are prominent in the ventral half.
		In contrast to the lower medulla, cross sections of the upper medulla are rhomboid in shape.
		Arising from the dorsal column nuclei are fibers that traverse the medulla in the transverse plane (in the same plane as a standard cross section).
	www.nd.edu /~rkingsle/brainatlas/classwebatlas/medulla/medulla_text/medulla_text.html (896 words)

	Bjork: Medulla (2004): Reviews
		Medulla may divide Björk's audience, but, combining intellectual rigour and sensual ravishment, it is brave and unique.
		To me, Medulla is an experiment in transforming the primal power of the human voice into a 21st century context.
		This record is so far beyond anything that she has done in the past that it is absolutely certain to alienate the majority of the listening public and more than a few of her fans.
	www.metacritic.com /music/artists/bjork/medulla (1189 words)

	BBC - Experimental Review - Bjork, Medúlla
		Vespertine is ok, but Medulla is a bit beyond the limits of patience.I am still a fan of Bjork but it does not mean that everything she tries suceeds.Although Oceania is a great song the whole album is far from supplying the same taste at all.
		when i heard about medulla and saw her perform oceania at the olympics(behind all the commentary)i was somewhat apprehensive to buy the new album because it seemed so much different than all the others.
		I still think that Medulla is a great album, but some of the songs should either have been adjusted, or left on floor of the editing room.
	www.bbc.co.uk /music/experimental/reviews/bjork_medulla.shtml (5994 words)

	Amazon.com: Medúlla: Music: Björk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, Medulla, the fifth proper studio album from Bjork is without a doubt the most challenging collection of music she has ever released.
		Medulla, Bjork's first new studio album in three years, finds her delving deeper than ever before into her haunting and exhilarating sound and vision.
		The opening number has echoes of "Vespertine," while "Where is the Line" hints at "Homogenic." But the heart and soul of "Medulla" rests in an entirely new zone, far away from the icy grandeur of her past trip-hop.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0002JUXB0?v=glance (1831 words)

	Music: Bjork: Medulla
		Listeners would be better off if they approached Medulla as a sort of “sonic art project” rather than expecting a new collection of pretty pop songs.
		This is a challenging album, to be sure, but not a difficult one, and this is why Bjork has been more successful in her experiment than Yoko ever was.
		Medulla will not have the mass popular appeal of Vespertine, and is not recommended for first-time listeners, but it is a wonderful, sure sign of Bjork’s maturation as an artist.
	leobird.typepad.com /music/2004/10/bjork_medulla.html (358 words)

	Medulla Oblongata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The medulla oblongata is an enlarged continuation of the spinal cord extending up into the "pons" (a large bulge under the brain stem).
		On each side of the medulla oblongata is an oval swelling, called the "olive", from which a large bundle of nerve fibers arises and passes up into the cerebellum.
		Because of its location, all ascending and descending nerve fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord must pass through it.
	www.innerbody.com /text/nerv46.html (73 words)

	Spinal Cord/Brainstem Interactive Atlas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Medulla oblongata at the caudal level of the sensory decussation
		Medulla oblongata at the level of the dorsal cochlear nucleus
		Medulla oblongata at the level of the ventral cochlear nucleus
	lansing.bellarmine.edu /pt/atlas/cover.html (724 words)

	Medulla, adrenal definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Medulla, adrenal: The inner portion of adrenal gland.
		However, a tumor called a pheochromocytoma produces norepinephrine and epinephrine and is equivalent to overfunction of the adrenal medulla.
		They typically cause hypertension (high blood pressure) that may be paroxysmal (sharply episodic) with attacks of headaches, feelings of apprehension, sweating, flushing of the face, nausea and vomiting, palpitations and tingling of the extremities (the arms and legs).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9703 (235 words)

	DOA - Bjork - Medulla
		Medulla is Bjork’s fifth full-length studio album, not counting the soundtrack work she’s done or her greatest-hits/box-set packages.
		Medulla is the first time I would say that Bjork has made a “weird” album.
		Medulla starts with one of the most listenable tracks on the album, “Pleasure is All Mine.” This song begins with some vocal harmonizing featuring Bjork doing some oooohhh’s and ahhhh’s before the actual lyrics begin.
	www.adequacy.net /review.php?reviewid=4642 (1341 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: Confocal Image Gallery - Medulla Oblongata
		The medulla oblongata is a cone-shaped part of the brain that is located on the lowermost portion of the brain stem and gradually transitions into the spinal cord.
		Interestingly, it is within the medulla that both sensory and motor nerve fibers, traveling from the left and right hemispheres of the brain into the rest of the body, actually cross over to the opposite side.
		As part of the most primitive region of the brain, the medulla is responsible for some of the most basic functions of life such as the involuntary processes of breathing, swallowing, and digesting.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/confocal/medullaoblongata.html (317 words)

	Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections: Related Websites
		This "medulla" is actually a cast of the region of the foramen magnum and is probably close to twice the diameter of the medulla of the brain.
		The medulla is surrounded by the cisterna magna, which is a sack of blood and supporting tissue, that would cushion the medulla against shock if the brain bounces around a bit.
		The "medulla" on an endocast, which is actually foramen magnum, works less well as a control for body size, because its size is determined by both brain and body size.
	brainmuseum.org /Evolution/paleo (989 words)

	Björk: Medulla - PopMatters Music Review
		Medulla starts with a panting in the left ear, a crooning Björk all over, a wall of Icelandic choir and human beat box Rahzel (The Roots) providing the bottom end.
		With all of Medulla's faults (and it has its faults), there are enough moments of jaw-dropping inventiveness that a single review is limited in how effective its critique can be (I haven't even mentioned the incredible closing track, "Triumph of a Heart").
		In the realm of pop music (which Björk still creates within even if her brand of it seems outlandishly left-field) we are often left arms crossed, waiting for the chorus to come and impress us enough to tap a foot, or wiggle a hip.
	www.popmatters.com /music/reviews/b/bjork-medulla.shtml (1071 words)

	dubious wisdom: Bjork- Medulla
		I think she’s cute (which has nothing to do with her artistically besides the fact that I find artsy women cute) and Post is on my list of top ten albums ever.
		Then Medulla is off track again and doesn’t get back on till somewhere in the middle of “Mouth’s Cradle”.
		Medulla isn’t an album you can just throw on and be fulfilled with, but if you’re in the mood for some incredibly interesting and eclectic music, which I very often am, this album is the way to go.
	muddled.org /justin/article/52 (381 words)

	FGF signals specifically regulate the structure of hair shaft medulla via IGF-binding protein 5 -- Schlake 132 (13): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the strong expressing lines #8 and #42 the number of medulla columns is generally reduced to one (B).
		the medulla and the cortex (Rosenquist and Martin, 1996
		Expression of markers of the hair shaft medulla was analysed by non-radioactive in situ hybridisation in wild-type (A,C,E,G,I,K) and transgenic (B,D,F,H,J,L) hair follicles during the growth phase.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/132/13/2981 (6064 words)

	No Ripcord Album Review - Bjork - "Medulla" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Medulla follows up Vespertine with a similar level of transition as occurred between that album and Homogenic.
		Basically, bits of Medulla sound similar to Vespertine, but there’s a marked distinction in the means of delivery and enough change to keep things interesting.
		But from where I sit (sweating in the Californian heat as the fan in my room does its best John Kerry imitation (wooden but still preferable to the alternative)) some things don’t change.
	www.noripcord.com /reviews/B/bjorkalbum.html (458 words)

	Unilateral focal lesions in the rostrolateral medulla influence chemosensitivity and breathing measured during ...
		(C) The lateral surface of the medulla with the main arteries are marked: vertebral artery (VA), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), anterior spinal artery (ASA), basilar artery (BA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), and the vagus nerve (Vag).
		of a respiratory "oscillator" in the medulla oblongata.
		A small, low density lesion is shown just deep to the left lateral surface of the rostral part of the medulla oblongata, between the olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle (arrow); it was visible on three contiguous images, giving it a longitudinal extent of about 4.5 mm.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/67/5/637 (4680 words)

	Amazon.ca: Medulla: Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Innovative as always, Bjork has this time built the songs on Medulla entirely from vocal tracks, with no instruments appearing on the...
		Some people have trouble with Medulla simply because there are no instruments used.
		It's too bad 'Medulla' had to be marketed like a pop record (due to her success) rather than quietly released without the expectation of pop songs and catchy hooks.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/B0002JUXB0 (884 words)

	Mammalian Renal Medulla Models
		It has been shown that the organization of nephrons and vasa recta in the mammalian outer medulla is highly structured.
		The goal of our study is to develop a mathematical model of the mammalian outer medulla that incorporates the findings of anatomic studies and recently obtained epithelial transport parameters.
		Thus, vasa recta that are destined for the inner medulla are represented by a single vas rectum that reaches past the end of the outer medulla.
	www.math.duke.edu /~alayton/research/renal/model (476 words)

	Neuroembryology: Medulla: Cell Columns (1/2)
		However, the organization of alar and basal plates differ from of the spinal cord in that, 1) in the medulla and pons the alar plate lies lateral to the basal plate, not dorsal to it, since the
		Medullary pyramids consist of fibers from the cerebral cortex and develop on the ventral surface near the midline.
		The single cell ependymal layer plus adjacent pia (tela choroidea) forms the roof of the medulla.
	isc.temple.edu /neuroanatomy/lab/embryo_new/medulla/1 (296 words)

	medulla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		olive) and part of the reticular formation are also in the medulla.
		Certain groups of neurons in the reticular formation control respiration, and the cranial nerve important for maintaining an open airway and controlling heart rate is located here.
		Thus, if the integrity of the medulla is compromised, vital functions are compromised and death often results.
	www.sci.uidaho.edu /med532/medulla.htm (89 words)

	Adrenal Medullary Hormones
		Cells in the adrenal medulla synthesize and secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine.
		Secretion of these hormones is stimulated by acetylcholine release from preganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating the medulla.
		In general, circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine released from the adrenal medulla have the same effects on target organs as direct stimulation by sympathetic nerves, although their effect is longer lasting.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/medhormones.html (493 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Medulla: Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The lush orchestration and electronic experimentation that characterize much of Björk’s work has been abandoned in an ambitious undertaking: a record whose musical backdrop is almost solely reliant on the sampled vocals of Björk and her collaborators.
		On Medulla, by definition the innermost part of an organ, or marrow, Björk is at her most artistic, deftly evoking the human condition and its origins with voices arranged in harmony and discord.
		The result is an inherently organic and expressive album that encompasses both moments of impenetrability, such as the abrasive "Ancestors", and exhilaration – the aquatic "Oceania" and celebratory "Triumph Of A Heart", and is likely to be received with considerable ambivalence.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/B0002SVY0U (723 words)

	RENAL MEDULLA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is a pretty typical field from the renal medulla.
		The long Loops of Henle will descend quite a ways into the medulla, and the collecting ducts pass all the way through it.
		The proximal tubules (PCT) in the medulla are the segments that run straight and deep, and eventually make a transition to the thin-walled Loop of Henle (TLH).
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab23/Examples/exmedulla.htm (220 words)

	Amazon.com: Medulla Videos: DVD: Björk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		She has sold millions of copies of her groundbreaking albums, she is an icon of cutting edge style, and hse has received worldwide acclaim as an actress.
		Medulla, Bjork's first new studio album in three years, was a critical success, which found her delving deeper than ever before into her haunting and exilarating sound and vision.
		The collection includes videos for tracks from Bjork's Medulla including a look behind the scenes of the making of the video for Triumph of a Heart.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000BH4Z26?v=glance (1877 words)

	Medulla
		With the release of the long-awaited album MEDULLA, Bjork pleased her fans once again with a set of rich and complex songs.
		This release collects the music videos made for the songs on MEDULLA, presenting five videos that are just as interesting and creative as the songs that...
		Rolling Stone (p.79) - 3 1/2 stars out of 5 - "MEDULLA is both the most extreme record Bjork has ever released and the most immediately accessible....[With] and awe-inspiring architecture of sound..." Spin (p.111) - "On MEDULLA, her voice is in constant motion, in sync with...
	www.cduniverse.com /sresult.asp?HT_Search_Info=medulla&HT_Search=TITLE&cart=203563589&style=music&altsearch=yes&image1.x=3&image1.y=8 (156 words)

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