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Topic: Megalithic art

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	Pre-historic art - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest known European art is from the upper palaeolithic period and includes both cave painting, such as the famous paintings at Lascaux, and portable art, such as animal carvings and so-called Venus figurines like the Venus of Willendorf.
		Megalithic monuments are found in the Neolithic from Portugal to the British isles and Poland.
		Megalithic art was still practised, examples include the carved limestone pillars of the sanctuary at Entremont in modern day France.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pre-historic_art (1257 words)

	Megalithic art - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Other forms of prehistoric art such as cave paintings and mobiliary art appear to have served different purposes to megalithic representations which are often highly abstract and serve no obvious purpose.
		Megalithic art can include petroglyphs although not all petroglyphs constitute megalithic art as petroglyphs are often carved on natural rock surfaces such as cave walls rather than on purposefully placed megaliths.
		Megalithic art in the British Isles seems to have began in the Neolithic and continued into the Bronze Age.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Megalithic_art (306 words)

	megalithic monument on Encyclopedia.com
		The Western European megaliths were constructed during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age and are believed to range in date from c.4000 BC to 1100 BC Most chamber tombs were probably built during the 4th millennium BC, and the stone circles generally date somewhat later.
		Megalithic monuments may be divided into four categories: the chamber tomb, or dolmen ; the single standing stone, or menhir ; the stone row; and the stone circle.
		Vera Collum and the excavation of a `Roman' megalithic tomb.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m1/megalith.asp (817 words)

	Irish Megalithic Art - from Minds or Moons
		I argue that the art is not simply decorative and the symbols may have originated during altered states of consciousness with meaning related to astronomy and calendars.
		County Meath, home to the mounds of the Brugh na Bóinne, holds more decorated megalithic surfaces than found in the rest of Atlantic Europe, and half of that, Europe’s greatest concentration of megalithic art, is found at Knowth (Kinnes 1988: 345, Eogan 1986: 146).
		With a background in art research, Brennan (1983) began systematic field research in 1979, using direct empirical observation at the mounds to test his theory that the symbols on the stones had astronomical significance based on the alignment of the mounds to equinoxes and solstices previously mentioned.
	www.knowth.com /megalithic-art.htm (3869 words)

	Megalithic art -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Other forms of (additional info and facts about prehistoric art) prehistoric art such as (additional info and facts about cave painting) cave paintings and mobiliary art appear to have served different purposes to megalithic representations which are often highly abstract and serve no obvious purpose.
		Megalithic art can include (additional info and facts about petroglyph) petroglyphs although not all petroglyphs constitute megalithic art as they are often carved in natural rock surfaces such as cave walls rather than on purposefully placed megaliths.
		More elaborate art was created at the (additional info and facts about Bryn Celli Ddu) Bryn Celli Ddu (additional info and facts about chamber tomb) chamber tomb in (One of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria) Wales.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/megalithic_art.htm (426 words)

	101 Facts About Newgrange - Megalithic Art
		In his study of "Megalithic Art in Ireland", Muiris O'Sullivan points out that by decorating the convex surface of the entrance kerbstone, Kerb 1, with a "curvilinear" arrangement, the artist has managed to make the stone look "considerably more massive" than it actually is.
		Despite an apparent lack of megalithic art on some of the passage orthostats, every one of these stones features a style of decoration which archaeologists call "pick-dressing".
		Curiously, some of the megalithic art at Newgrange was found on the reverse side of some of the kerbstones and chamber stones - in locations where they could not be seen.
	www.mythicalireland.com /ancientsites/newgrange-facts/art.php (329 words)

	Teymur Daimi
		Mysterious megalithic art of Gobustan along with ancient stone plasticity and samples of archaic primeval and Zoroastrian architecture remained by a miracle, are inexhaustible energetic source for all Azerbaijani art.
		Azerbaijani art right up to time of joining of the Azerbaijan to Russia (XVIII c.) was developing similar to visual culture of most Muslim regions, in steady format of decorative art: carpet weaving, miniature and different branches of folk crafts.
		As regards the modern art then information of it students get from art history lectures, scant and pared down besides (to render it has to be admitted that after opening of State Academy of Arts in 2000 the situation is gradually changing for the better).
	www.artdaimi.com /eng/text/esse3.html (4849 words)

	Chippindale&others-European rock-art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The rock art is found in all main parts of this vast region, in the costal areas and in shore areas of rivers and lakes.
		The South Scandinavian art which was the focus of research in the 19th century represented what later is termed Bronze Age agricultural art, while the research on the art of the earlier hunting gathering populations did not commence before in the early part of the 20th century.
		The panel Ausevik on the west coast of Norway (Hagen 1969) and at Namforsen in northern Sweden (Malmer 1975, 1981), for example, it is argued, is a mixture of the art of the hunter and the art of the farmer.
	www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk /Projects/Chip/Chip212.htm (12400 words)

	references (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bradley, R. 1989 Deaths and entrances: a contextual analysis of megalithic art.
		Sognnes, K. 1988 Rock art at the Arctic circle: Arctic and agrarian rock engravings from Tjotta and Vevelstad, Nordland, Norway.
		Steinbring, J. 1982 Shamanistic manipulations and the Algonkian idiom in the archaeo-ethnology of rock art.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/5579/references.html (2041 words)

	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Megalithic Art in Ireland
		The art is characterised by carved and picked designs, and examples survive on the structural stones of megalithic tombs and on pottery and other portable objects found within them.
		Passage-tombs, especially in Ireland, are the classic repositories of megalithic art, and the most remarkable concentration is found in County Meath in the Boyne Valley, where the great mounds of Knowth, Newgrange and Dowth contain more than six hundred decorated stones.
		The discoveries in the Boyne Valley have spawned a variety of publications on megalithic art in Ireland, yet this is the first general book on the subject.
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books?whatfor=0946172366 (281 words)

	Spirals, Decorated Stones
		Certain of these elements, i n particular the spiral and a circle/lozenge type configuration known as an oculi or goddess figure seem to be a part of the same tradition of triplism and mother worship that items such as the tricephalic head from Corleck or the Killinaboy Sheelagh-na-gig stem from.
		Historically, spirals in both Megalithic and Neolithic art were closely akin with spiritual issues of the cycle of death and rebirth.
		The serpent, important iconographically.to both manifestations of Brigid, is often used as a metaphor for infinity, in a sense, by the sloughing off of it’s skin it is continually dying and being reborn (Purce, 101).
	www.unc.edu /celtic/catalogue/stbrigid/spirals_at_newgrange.html (978 words)

	About Bali & Indonesia Travel \| Balinese Art Development - Baliforyou.com
		Thus, the early classic period of Javanese art corresponds also to a classic period in Bali, and when the mother country suffered disturbances and transformations, these were reflected in Balinese art, until Islamism and political chaos severed all connections between the two islands, and Hinduism had to find refuge in Bali.
		Nothing definite is known of the art of pre-Hindu Bali, but we know that the old Indonesian had a culture of its own, perhaps like the present one of the people of Nias and the Bataks of Sumatra, to whom the Balinese are in many ways akin.
		The general style, the motifs, and the workmanship of the drum are all definitely related to the unique bronze axes from the island of Roti, also near Timor, which were unfortunately destroyed in the fire of the pavilion of the Netherlands in the Paris Colonial Exposition of 1931 where they were exhibited.
	www.baliforyou.com /bali/art_development.htm (1256 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		The term could also refer to a large tomb which used megaliths to create passages and chambers in which burials of one or more people could be placed, such as the passage graves of Brittany.
		Various types of megalithic monuments have also been found in parts of Asia, Oceania, and Africa.
		megalithic art objects often suggest a highly developed cult of a spirit world connected with the remains of the dead.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=megalith (299 words)

	Newgrange Ireland - Megalithic Passage Tomb - World Heritage Site
		The kidney shaped mound covers an area of over one acre and is surrounded by 97 kerbstones, some of which are richly decorated with megalithic art.
		In early October, 50 names are drawn, 10 names for each morning the chamber is illuminated, 2 places in the chamber are awarded to each of the names drawn.
		Megalithic mounds such as Newgrange entered Irish mythology as sídhe or fairy mounds.
	www.knowth.com /newgrange.htm (797 words)

	Knowth - megalithic art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Knowth has a huge collection of megalithic art engraved on it's stones.
		'In Europe there are about 900 stones with megalithic art from about 50 passage-tombs or related sites, but 400 of these come from the Brugh na Bóinne tombs and a further 127 from the other Meath passage-tombs: clearly this region was Europe's leading one for megalithic art.
		Knowth has about 45% of the total known megalithic art from all Irish passage-tombs.
	www.carrowkeel.com /sites/boyne/knowth/knowth5.html (292 words)

	Megalith
		The word megalith comes from the combination of two Greek words meaning 'big' and 'stone' and may also be used to describe prehistoric monuments which consist of large stones, such as stone circles, stone rows, dolmens and chambered barrows.
		Megalithic designates a people that builds using megaliths or something that was built with megaliths.
		Major megalithic monuments in Europe include Stonehenge and Avebury in England, the chambered mounds of Knowth, Dowth and Newgrange in Ireland, Callanish stone circle and avenues in the Outer Hebrides and the stone rows at Carnac in Brittany.
	www.occultopedia.com /m/megalith.htm (3570 words)

	Megaliths Megalithic Sites Stones Deciphered Worldwide Ancient Astronomy Land Survey
		Megaliths ("giant standing stones", menhirs) and related constructions such as cairns, dolmens, tumuli and barrows (ancient earthworks) were built by ancient man for purposes of Astronomy and Geodetics.
		Geographic locations of megaliths were intentionally oriented to the stars and to objects of the heavens in a given era.
		We hope also that our decipherment of the megaliths raises their value in the eyes of humanity and that they will all then be properly respected and maintained as the masterpieces of art and technology which they once were and still are.
	www.megaliths.co.uk (1645 words)

	Loughcrew - megalithic art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Loughcrew is the home of a superb collection of megalithic art many of the stuctural stones of the chambers bear engravings, and doubtless there were many more in the past.
		American researcher Martin Brennan demonstrated in the early 1980's that the equinox sunrises illuminate this complex slab of megalithic symbols.
		The archaeologist Elisabeth Shee Twohig took rubbings of the Loughcrew stones (with the seeming exception of the Hag's Chair), and her book, the Megalithic Art of Western Europe is essential to anyone who wishes to locate all the engraved stones.
	www.carrowkeel.com /sites/loughcrew/loughcrew1.html (537 words)

	The Stone Circle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The megaliths might have been erected as an answer to the rise of the ocean level: a cult towards heavenly bodies which govern seasons and tides.
		Prehistoric megalithic monuments (dolmen, megalithic tombs, menhirs, alignements, stone circles, stones with cup-marks) from Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg; neolithic flintstone mining in the Netherlands; paleolithic cave paintings and engravings in France.
		Many megaliths are cupmarked, sculpted with reliefs and/or carved as a whole into various figures to represent specific stars of the heavens.
	d.webring.com /hub?ring=stonecircle (2263 words)

	Stonehenge
		It is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones, known as megaliths.
		There is some debate about the age of the stone circle, but most archaeologists think that it was mainly constructed between 2500 BC and 2000 BC.
		The engraved weapons on the sarsens are unique in megalithic art in the British Isles where more abstract designs were favoured.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/stonehenge (2850 words)

	Grabados
		The Irish specialist Elizabeth Shee, maybe the most renowned world authority in megalithic art, has baptised this motif as "the thing", in her prodigious work "Megalithic Art of Western Europe" (1981).
		In the dolmen of Mota Grade in Verea (Ourense), which is hidden at present, it was found in the second orthostat by the left an interesting engraving with a form that vaguely remembers a bell with two oval shaped zones in its centre that look like a high relief.
		Also in many of the Galician megalithic constructions are found cup-shaped carvings.
	www.pangalaica.com /megalitismo/eng/grabados.htm (302 words)

	Megalith Sites
		Claude Lantz proposes that the megaliths might have been erected as an answer to the rise of the ocean level: a cult towards heavenly bodies which govern seasons and tides.
		Chambered cairns, mythology, astronomy and megalithic art of Ireland.
		A chance discovery of a group of megaliths on a coastal plain in western Yemen has sent scholars scrambling to explain why and how people were living there between ca.
	members.aol.com /janbily/megaliths.htm (890 words)

	ROCK ART in Valtellina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Another sign that we can only relate to megalithic art is the one which you can see on the left (sector AL): concentric half-circles also called "collar-like".
		On the Rupe Magna (only 6) they are not effaced and seem "fresh": but we must consider that they were engraved on a vertical surface and always covered by moss.
		They are also accompanied by a "cross-like" figure, another element which well complies in a megalithic environment.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/3857/neol.html (335 words)

	Megalithic art inside Newgrange
		Art on the outside: A gallery of images from Newgrange.
		Knowth kerbstones: a comprehensive photographic collection of Knowth's megalithic art.
		Dowth's kerbstones: a selection of photos of the megalithic art on the stones at Dowth.
	mythicalireland.com /ancientsites/newgrange/artgallery/artgallery.html (299 words)

	Web Resources 01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Art is first identified throughout Western and Central Europe beginning in the late Paleolithic's Upper section, approximately 40,000 years ago when bone - and flint-tool production was becoming common.
		Art became focused around clay, and there are many crude figurines and dishes from this period.
		Upper Midwest Rock Art Research Association - promoting and publishing rock art studies in the upper midwest of the USA and central Canada.
	www.ouhsd.k12.ca.us /sites/cihs/history/wrwc01.html (5064 words)

	stonelight.ie - American finds world's oldest sundial in Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An American researcher working in Ireland has discovered what is thought to be the first scientific instrument used by man in a megalithic passage-mound in Co Meath.
		Thirty-nine year old New Yorker Martin Brennan, who cracked the code of the earliest form of writing known in the world while studying Irish Stone Age art, made his latest discovery of a 5,000-year old sundial while examining a passage-mount in the Boyne Valley which was first excavated by Irish archaeologists in the 1940's.
		In researching Ireland's megalithic mounds and bombs, Martin says that there is overwhelming evidence that Newgrange, was not first discovered in 1969, as is claimed.
	www.stonelight.ie /archive/arch6.html (391 words)

	Knowth & Newgrange Ireland, Tara and other Ancient Ireland sites.
		The Megalithic Passage Tombs of Newgrange, Knowth, Dowth, Fourknocks, Loughcrew and Tara are located in the present day County of Meath on the east coast of Ireland.
		While passage tomb is the traditional description for Newgrange and similar structures, chambered cairn or passage mound are the descriptions favoured by those who consider the passage tomb description too narrow.
		The large stones surrounding and inside the Passage Tombs are decorated with Megalithic Art such as spirals, concentric circles, triangles, zigzags and images which have been interpreted as the sun, moon and the human face.
	www.knowth.com (578 words)

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