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	Meiji Constitution Information
		The Constitution of the Empire of Japan（大日本帝國憲法）, more commonly known as the Imperial or Meiji Constitution, was the fundamental law of the Empire of Japan from 1889 until 1947.
		The new constitution was adopted as part of the Meiji Renewal, a period of sweeping political and social reform aimed at modernising Japan, so that she might reach a par with the nations of the Western world.
		Under the constitution, he wielded both executive and legislative power, albeit that the latter was subject to the "consent of the Imperial Diet", and under Article 57 justice was administered by the courts "in the name of the Emperor".
	www.bookrags.com /Meiji_Constitution (1255 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Meiji period
		Meiji Constitution (1884–89) The constitution of the restored imperial Japanese state.
		Framed by ITO HIROBUMI and modelled on the existing German form, the Meiji Constitution was gradually developed from 1884 with the institution of a European-style peerage (1884), a cabinet system (1885),...
		Jingu Kogo ema in Southwestern Japan: reflections and anticipations of the seikanron debate in the late Tokugawa and early Meiji period.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Meiji+period (1501 words)

	SaruDama: Meiji Constitution - Constitution of the Empire of Japan - Japanese History
		By the way, this Meiji Constitution remained the central pillar of Japanese social polity until the nation's defeat in WWII and the subsequent rewriting of the nation's constitution under direct (editorial) supervision of the West (particularly via General MacArthur) in 1945.
		The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
		Those already fixed expenditures based by the Constitution upon the powers appertaining to the Emperor, and such expenditures as may have arisen by the effect of law, or that appertain to the legal obligations of the Government, shall be neither rejected nor reduced by the Imperial Diet, without the concurrence of the Government.
	www.sarudama.com /japanese_history/meijikenpo.shtml (2797 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Meiji Constitution
		The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, more commonly known as the Imperial or Meiji Constitution, was the fundamental law of the Empire of Japan from 1889 until 1947.
		The new constitution was adopted as part of the Meiji Renewal, a period of sweeping political and social reform aimed at modernising Japan so that she might reach a par with the nations of the Western world.
		Under the constitution he wielded both executive and legislative power, albeit that the latter was subject to the "consent of the Imperial Diet", and under Article 57 justice was administered by the courts "in the name of the Emperor".
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Constitution_of_the_Empire_of_Japan (1368 words)

	e. Development of Modern Political Systems. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Attempts to establish an imperial or constitutional monarchy in 1822–23 under Agustin de Iturbide and Archduke Maximilian of Austria, with the aid of French troops in 1863–67, were unsuccessful.
		During the 19th century, a sequence of constitutions and conflicts defined the evolution of the Spanish political system, which remained basically a constitutional monarchy, with a brief republican period (1873–74) (See 1873–74).
		Constitutions, revolutions, and republics throughout the globe by the time of World War I showed the spread of European political models in the 19th century.
	www.bartleby.com /67/957.html (1246 words)

	News \| Gainesville.com \| The Gainesville Sun \| Gainesville, Fla. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Enacted after the Meiji Renewal, it provided for a form of constitutional monarchy based on the Prussian model, in which the Emperor of Japan was an active ruler and wielded considerable political power, but shared this with an elected diet.
		After the Meiji Restoration, which restored direct political power to the emperor for the first time over a millennium, Japan underwent a period of sweeping political and social reform and westernization aimed at strengthening Japan, to the level of the nations of the Western world.
		Unlike its modern successor, the Meiji Constitution was founded on the principle that sovereignty resided in person of the Emperor, by virtue of his divine ancestry "unbroken for ages eternal", rather than the people.
	www.gainesville.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Meiji_Constitution (1583 words)

	Asia Times Online :: Japan News - Altering Japan's 'immortal code'
		It was on November 3, 1946, that the present constitution of Japan was promulgated to replace the Meiji constitution.
		The Meiji constitution was never altered during its 57-year history, either.
		The current constitution is widely interpreted as forbidding the possession of a military.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Japan/HK03Dh01.html (1464 words)

	Imperial Meiji
		Meiji Japan (1867-1912) was the period of 'Civilization and Enlightenment,' when the shadows of feudal Edo were swept away.
		Meiji was hit by a veritable statumania, from military heroes as Omura Masajiro (in the Yasukuni Shrine) to the famous statue of Saigo Takamori in Ueno Park.
		That Omotesando, the avenue leading to the Meiji Shrine, holds the middle between a French boulevard and a kid's town (especially on weekends) was undoubtedly not the intention of the planners.
	www.xs4all.nl /~daikoku/tabi/ensoku/tabi-4.htm (3354 words)

	Japan Reference - Culture - Japanese History : Meiji Period　明治時代
		The Meiji Era (明治時代 1868¡§C1912) denotes the reign of the Meiji Emperor.
		One of the Meiji oligarchy, Ito Hirobumi (1841¡§C1909), a Choshu native long involved in government affairs, was charged with drafting Japan's constitution.
		The new constitution specified a form of government that was still authoritarian in character, with the emperor holding the ultimate power and only minimal concessions made to popular rights and parliamentary mechanisms.
	www.jref.com /culture/meiji_period_era.shtml (1757 words)

	History: Meiji Strategy for Economic Growth
		The Meiji government during the 1880's created both an institutional and constitution structure that allowed Japan in the coming decades to be a stabile and industrializing country.
		The constitution was a gift of the emperor to the people and was made up of a complicated set of checks and balances between the emperor, his cabinet, and the Diet.
		The constitution although it granted voting rights to only one percent of the population in Japan was well received by the people and played a critical role in lending legitimacy to the oligarchy (Genro) who ran the government.
	www.studyworld.com /basementpapers/repce/History/29.htm (506 words)

	2consts.htm
		Okuma Shigonobu, one of the architects of the draft constitution and a non-Sat-Cho in the oligarchy, was insistent upon the institution of a British style constitution, proposing its immediate implementation in March of 1881.
		Under the Meiji constitution there were a lot of rights enumerated, but the duties of subjects over-arched those rights and they were also conditional to "public order" provisions and could be subsumed by law, decree or in emergency.
		Whereas the Meiji constitution was drafted and ratified in secret the MacArthur was published, approved by open session of the Privy Council, passed by both houses of the Diet and promulgated by the emperor to be sure that it had substantial legal foundation.
	www.frontiernet.net /~mmulford/2consts.htm (6406 words)

	Meiji Shrine \| Travel Notebook
		Meiji Jingu (明治神宮), located in Tokyo, Japan near Harajuku Station is the Shinto shrine dedicated to the souls of Emperor Meiji and his wife, Empress Shoken.
		Emperor Meiji died in 1912 and Empress Shoken in 1914.
		It also includes the Meiji Memorial Hall, which was originally used for governmental meetings, including discussions surrounding the drafting of the Meiji Constitution in the late 19th century.
	www.travelnotebook.com /japan/tokyo/meiji-shrine (321 words)

	Message
		The historical tide that swept from the end of the feudal era to the Meiji Restoration was epitomized in the slogan "Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians." The goal was to terminate Tokugawa Shogunate, open the country to the world, and restore imperial power.
		It is a well-known fact that the Meiji Constitution was drafted based on the Constitution of Prussia, a country with a tradition of a particularly strong head of state.
		However, the change from the Meiji Constitution to the present Constitution was made on the basis of the procedure for amendment as stipulated in Article 7 of the Meiji Constitution.
	www.seiken-s.jp /eng/message/page07.html (787 words)

	“The Meiji Constitution (1889) was a blend of many conflicting ideas.” Discuss.
		Home: History: “The Meiji Constitution (1889) was a blend of many conflicting ideas.” Discuss.
		Although the Meiji Constitution was a blend of many conflicting ideas, it was a success for several decades.
		However, the Meiji Constitution must be a blend of conflicting ideas, it could not be purely progressive as Japan could not change herself overnight.
	www.studentcentral.co.uk /meiji_constitution__was_a_blend_many_conflicting_29906 (494 words)

	Untitled Document
		Following the government's announcement that a constitutional government was to be established upon the Meiji Restoration, there were heated discussions in local political clubs and mass petitions for rapid establishment of representative government.
		The role of the emperor in the Meiji Constitution (1889).
		Upon drawing up the constitution, the genro, reflecting back on the era of the shogunate, did not want military aristocracy to threaten the civilian government, hence their decision to have the military completely accountable only to the emperor.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h207_2002/MeijiconstitutionComments.htm (835 words)

	The Meiji Constitution (1889)
		The Meiji constitution was promulgated by the emperor in 1889 and was replaced by the present constitution which was promulgated in November 1946 and put into action in May 1947.
		The Meiji constitution was flexible enough to permit considerable change; it left ambiguous the relationship between several major institutions of government and was long criticized for allowing undemocratic patterns of political behavior.
		Thus, the flexible Meiji constitution presided over a system that moved away from autocracy in the 1890s, to a nearly British-style of parliamentary democracy in the 1920s, to a system dominated by the military and strongly influenced by European fascism in the 1930s and during World War II.
	hkuhist2.hku.hk /nakasendo/const889.htm (628 words)

	History: Meiji Strategy for Economic Growth
		The Meiji government during the 1880's created both an institutional and constitution structure that allowed Japan in the coming decades to be a stabile and industrializing country.
		The constitution was a gift of the emperor to the people and was made up of a complicated set of checks and balances between the emperor, his cabinet, and the Diet.
		The constitution although it granted voting rights to only one percent of the population in Japan was well received by the people and played a critical role in lending legitimacy to the oligarchy (Genro) who ran the government.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/29.htm (531 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for ITO
		(born Oct. 14, 1841, Suo province, Japan—died Oct. 26, 1909, Harbin, China) Japanese statesman, prime minister, and writer of the Meiji Constitution.
		He played a minor role in the Meiji Restoration, through which he came in contact with Kido Takayoshi and Okubo Toshimichi.
		The leading figure in the modernization of Japan after the Meiji Restoration (1868), he served in several government posts and took part in the Iwakura Mission (1871–73) to study Western governments.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=ITO (1385 words)

	Japan, Democracy, World War II, Post War, Constitution
		The Meiji Constitution of 1889 concentrated actual political power in the hands of a small group of government leaders responsible to the emperor, not the people.
		Under the old constitution, government flowed downward from the emperor, who held the supreme authority, to those to whom he had delegated power.
		Thus, the Meiji Constitution was a blend of western political thought and Japanese traditions that had developed over the centuries.
	www.crf-usa.org /election_central/japan_democracy.htm (2115 words)

	1889 Japanese Constitution
		The Imperial Throne shall be succeeded to by Imperial male descendants, according to the provisions of the Imperial House Law.
		Both Houses may enact, besides what is provided for in the present Constitution and in the Law of the Houses, rules necessary for the management of their internal affairs.
		Those already fixed expenditures based by the Constitution upon the powers appertaining to the Emperor, and such expenditures as may have arisen by the effect of law, or that appertain to the legal obligations of the Government, shall be neither rejected nor reduced by the Imperial Diet, without the concurrence of the Government.
	history.hanover.edu /texts/1889con.html (2875 words)

	Japanese history: Meiji Period
		The emperor Meiji was moved from Kyoto to Tokyo which became the new capital; his imperial power was restored.
		A parliament, the Diet was established while the emperor kept sovereignty: he stood at the top of the army, navy, executive and legislative power.
		In 1912 emperor Meiji died, and the era of the ruling clique of elder statesmen (genro) was about to end.
	www.japan-guide.com /e/e2130.html (690 words)

	Meiji Constitution information - Search.com
		Enacted as part of the Meiji Renewal, it provided for a form of constitutional monarchy based on the Prussian model, in which the Emperor of Japan was an active ruler and wielded considerable political power, but shared this with an elected diet.
		The new constitution was adopted as part of the Meiji Renewal, a period of sweeping political and social reform aimed at modernising Japan, so that she might reach a par with the nations of the Western world.
		Under the constitution, he wielded both executive and legislative power, albeit that the latter was subject to the "consent of the Imperial Diet", and under Article 57 justice was administered by the courts "in the name of the Emperor".
	www.search.com /reference/Meiji_Constitution (1292 words)

	Free Essay Role of Japanese Emperor in Meiji Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Meiji leaders used the symbolism of the Emperor to add legitimacy to their government, by claiming that they were ruling under the "Imperial Will." They also used Confucianism to maintain order and force the Japanese people to passively accept their rule.
		The Meiji Emperor did not even come to cabinet meetings because his advisors told him if the cabinet made a decision that was different then the one he wanted then that would create dissension and would destroy the idea of the Imperial Institution.
		The Meiji Emperor although he had supreme power as accorded in the constitution never actually made decisions but was instead a pawn of the Meiji Genro who claimed to carry out his Imperial Will.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=25694 (1918 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Inasmuch as the Meiji Restoration had sought to return the emperor to a preeminent position, efforts were made to establish a Shinto-oriented state much like the state of 1,000 years earlier.
		He rejected the United States Constitution as "too liberal" and the British system as too unwieldy and having a parliament with too much control over the monarchy; the French and Spanish models were rejected as tending toward despotism.
		The Meiji Constitution was to last as the fundamental law until 1947.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Meiji_period (2614 words)

	Main Issues [Topic 3 Guarantees for Fundamental Human Rights] \| Birth of the Constitution of Japan
		As the Weimar Constitution (enacted in 1919) described social rights in detail, it was considered the model for 20th century Sozialstaats (social states), and attracted attention also in Japan.
		Therefore, the inclusion of social rights in the constitution was thought to be necessary as shown in various proposals, whether they were prepared within the Japanese government even before the GHQ Draft was introduced such as Soichi Sasaki's, "Necessity to Reform the Imperial Constitution,"
		Following the enactment of the Constitution, there were disputes regarding whether the Constitution protected the human rights of "foreign nationals." It is now considered that all of the rights that can be applied to foreigners should be provided equally to them.
	www.ndl.go.jp /constitution/e/ronten/03ronten.html (1080 words)

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