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Topic: Melanin

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Human skin color

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Melanocyte

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	Melanin definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
		Dark-skinned people have more melanin than light- skinned people.
		Melanin also acts as a sunscreen and protects the skin from ultraviolet light.
		Freckles, which occur in people of all races, are small, concentrated areas of increased melanin production.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4340 (258 words)

	Melanin Properties - Afrocentrism and Pseudoscience (Skeptical Inquirer Spring 1992)
		Melanin is not an alkaloid and there is no evidence whatsoever for melanin co-polymerizing with cocaine in vivo.
		According to Welsing, the Dogon's melanin functions in a manner similar to an infrared telescope, and they were able to detect Sirius B through the melanin in their pineal glands.
		The ability of melanin to absorb and respond to magnetic fields is a key component of his explanation of astrology.
	www.csicop.org /si/9201/minority.html (2104 words)

	Melanin and Bio/Nanotechnology
		Melanin has many other interesting properties too, such as ultraviolet absorption, where it is currently being utilized in the preparation of UV-absorbing optical lenses and in cosmetic creams.
		Melanin also increases the speed of nerve and brain messages which are transmitted between the left and right hemispheres of the brain and all signals transmitted throughout the bodily nerve network.
		Other therapeutic uses of bio-synthetic melanin are: 1) to treat melanin deficiencies; 2) to prevent neurodegenerative diseases of the nervous system caused by exposure to toxic agents; and 3) to assist in the recovery of neurons, injured as a result of direct injury or disease.
	www.blackherbals.com /melanin_and_bio_nanotechnology.htm (2274 words)

	Melanin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The presence of melanin in the archaea and bacteria kingdoms is an issue of ongoing debate amongst researchers in the field.
		In humans, melanin is found in skin, hair, the pigmented epithelium underlying the retina, the medulla and zona reticularis of the adrenal gland, the stria vascularis of the inner ear, and in pigment bearing neurons of certain deep brain nuclei such as the locus ceruleus and the substantia nigra.
		In addition to melanin deficiency, the molecular weight of the melanin polymer may be decreased due to various factors such as oxidative stress, exposure to light, perturbation in its association with melanosomal matrix proteins, changes in pH or in local concentrations of metal ions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Melanin (3099 words)

	Melanin hydrophilic contact lenses - Patent 5187207
		Furthermore, the melanin scavenges superoxide anions that are present in the vicinity of the cornea of the eye, thereby acting as a superoxide dismutase.
		It is preferred, that the adherence of the melanin to the lens be accomplished by direct or indirect chemical covalent bonding between the melanin and certain hydrophilic exoskeletal functional groups that are present on the backbone of the polymeric lens.
		Because the hydrogen peroxide being produced by the reduction of superoxide by melanin tends to bleach the melanin and to oxidize the cornea, it is preferred that an agent be present to decompose the hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5187207.html (5127 words)

	Melanin
		Those people, who produced more skin-protecting melanin, were less likely to suffer from skin cancer, as well as other health problems related to exposure to strong solar radiation, including the photodegradation of certain vitamins such as riboflavins, carotinoids, tocopherol, and folate.
		Albinism is a condition in which an animal (such as a human or a mouse) is incapable of producing melanin, and hence appears white with pink eyes.
		The concentration of melanin in an individual's tissues has long been of social importance, as many people are racist, and regard pigmentation as being determinative of a person's intelligence, character, and general merits.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Melanin.html (502 words)

	Melanin; Sunglasses; Ultraviolet Light Eye Damage; Optometry
		Scientists believe that melanin serves another important protective role by functioning as an antioxidant along with vitamin C and E. Potentially harmful free radicals that would otherwise initiate a chain of damaging oxidation reactions in the retina are neutralized by melanin.
		In this way melanin provides protection to the lens of the eye against UV - thereby decreasing the risks of cataracts; then it provides near optimum protection to the retina by filtering the different colors in proportion to their ability to damage the tissue of the retina - thereby reducing the risk of macular degeneration.
		An exciting possibility is that melanin bound to a contact lens may exploit this function to neutralize harmful free radicals such as super-oxide within the region between contact lens and the eye.
	www.agape1.com /melanin.htm (1013 words)

	Study 4 Melanin 95
		The melanin isolated by the Bacillus salmonicida is of a red-brown "colour".
		The melanins of the soil (humic acids) form by a fluctuating and non-reproducible mechanism where time must be considered as an intrinsic parameter of the dynamic of the natural process and where the activation of water is a fundamental parameter (also cellular liquid).
		Melanin cannot be represented by a formula, with a complete melanogenetic scheme in that it is not representable in terms of linear equations because it is not possible to hypothesise a correspondence between cause and effect in the temporal succession of the relationships.
	www.tightrope.it /nicolaus/melanin95.htm (10703 words)

	melanin - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		melanin, water-insoluble polymer of various compounds derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
		The synthesis of melanin reactions is catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase; an inherited lack of tyrosinase activity results in one of the forms of albinism.
		Besides it role in pigmentation, melanin, which absorbs ultraviolet light, plays a protective role when skin is exposed to the damaging rays of the sun (see sunburn ; skin cancer).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-melanin.html (552 words)

	Melanin (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Those who produced more skin-protecting melanin were less to suffer from skin cancer as well as other health problems to exposure to strong solar radiation including the photodegradation of certain vitamins as riboflavins carotinoids tocopherol and folate.
		Albinism is a condition in which an (such as a human or a mouse) is incapable of producing melanin and appears white with pink eyes.
		The concentration of melanin in an individual's has long been of social importance as people are racist and regard pigmentation as being determinative a person's intelligence character and general merits.
	www.freeglossary.com /Melanin (672 words)

	Melanocyte - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Melanocytes are cells located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis and in the middle layer of the eye, the uvea.
		Melanin vesicles from the melanocytes are then transferred to surrounding keratinocytes.
		The skin will then become darker as the keratinocytes that have been filled with melanin move toward the skin surface.The melanin is in organelles called "melanosomes" that are organized as a cap protecting the nucleus of the keratinocyte.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Melanocyte (409 words)

	[No title]
		The combination of a melanin with the adjacent epidermic cells is denominated epidermic melanin unit.
		To analyze the large increase in fluorescence by the oxidized melanin, 2.5 mg/ml synthetic melanin was incubated with a 30% aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and sonicated for rapid dissolution.
		Melanin production was restored by addition of exogenous scytalone in the presence of AsA, suggesting that the late steps after the synthesis of scytalone were not significantly affected by AsA.
	www.lycos.com /info/melanin--melanins.html (682 words)

	Melanin
		Melanin is abundantly present in the viscera, including the heart, liver, arteries, the muscles, and the gastrointestinal tract; thus, within each and every living organ which aids the human body melanin appears.
		Melanin acts as a filter to prevent damage to the delicate deeper layers of the skin, by penetration of ultraviolet light.
		Melanin is an extremely stable molecule, and highly resistant to the digestion by most acids and bases, and is one of the hardest molecule to ever be analyzed.
	www.sankofa.ch /texts/Melanin.htm (1265 words)

	Hair pigmentation melanin and hair color
		As we have seen, the color of hair is due to the presence in the cortex of granules of a pigment called melanin, which is formed in special pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the hair bulb during the growing phase (anagen) of each hair.
		The range of colors produced by melanins is limited to shades of yellow, brown, red and fl.
		White hairs contain no melanin at all: their whiteness is an optical effect, due to the way they reflect the light.
	www.pg.com /science/haircare/hair_twh_59.htm (368 words)

	Pigmentation Treatment And Skin Fading
		In fact, the number of melanin cells is the same is the same in all races, however melanin cells of darkly pigmented skin have thicker, longer and branched dendrites.
		Melanin plays a crucial role in the absorption free radicals generated within the cytoplasm and in shielding the host from various types of ionizing radiation, including the UV light.
		Melanin cells are initially derived from the neural crest and migrate throughout the embryo during development.
	www.medidermlab.com /pigmentation.htm (549 words)

	melanin \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Broadly, melanin is any of the polyacetylene, polyaniline, and polypyrrole "fls" and "browns" or their mixed copolymers.
		Melanin exists in the plant, animal and protista kingdoms, where it serves as a pigment.
		The presence of melanin in the archaea and bacteria kingdoms is an issue of ongoing debate amongst researchers in the field.
	www.babylon.com /definition/melanin (167 words)

	Melanin
		The volume fraction of the melanin is 0.10 and absorption coefficients of 0 and 563/cm are plotted.
		To examine the effect of melanin volume fraction on scattering cross section and anisotropy, C and g were computed for 3 absorption values at a series of melanin concentrations.
		The anisotropy decreases from 0.995 when the cell has no melanin to 0.938 at a volume fraction of 0.05, which is significantly greater than the change due to organelles such as mitochondria, which is only 0.0015 (Figure 4.15).
	www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu /~adunn/papers/dissertation/node48.html (454 words)

	GOT MELANIN ANYONE
		Melanin is the fundamental unit of the universe and can exist in four forms including Cosmic Melanin, Planetary Melanin, Plant Kingdom Melanin (chlorophyll) and Animal Kingdom melanin (fl pigmentation).
		Tyrosine is a precursor of melanin and lays the foundation for melanin to be produced.
		Many people are aware that the deep concentration of melanin in African peoples skin makes them fl and enables them to use the rays of the sun more effectively than our less “melanated” counterparts, but what few know is that melanin is not only present in our skin but it permeates our whole physical being.
	www.blackherbals.com /got_melanin_anyone.htm (1087 words)

	[No title]
		The presence of melanin in the archaea and bacteria kingdoms is an issue of ongoing scholarly disagreement.
		The electronic properties of these melanins, including their fl colour, may be related to the possible presence of "graphitic like structures" and to the shape and size of granules of the pigment as seen at the electron microscope level.
		The high density of these melanins may be responsible for the observed contrast in the electron micrographs of melanin – containing tissues as depicted in (Fig.
	www.lycos.com /info/melanin--pigments.html (661 words)

	Skin Pigmentation Advice - info about Melanin, spots, acne and discolouration
		Once the melanin is made in the melanosomes (melanin packets), it is transferred to the keratinocytes by a special mechanism: the keratinocytes take in (surround) the special arm like projections on the melanocytes, which are full of melanin containing melanosomes.
		The melanin is gradually broken down by other enzymes and as the dead surface layer of the skin sloughs away through normal wear and tear any melanin pigment left is also lost.
		Melanin is increased at epidermal level and in the perivascular macrophages.
	www.skinmed.co.uk /skincare/pigmentation-advice.html (3356 words)

	Introduction: Pigment Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Without melanin, the skin would be pale white with varying shades of pink caused by the blood flowing through it.
		Melanin is produced by special cells (melanocytes) that are interspersed among the other cells in the top layer of the skin, the epidermis.
		Some cases of skin darkening, however, are not related to increased melanin at all, but rather to abnormal pigments that make their way into the skin.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec18/ch208/ch208a.html (300 words)

	Melanin and the Pineal Gland
		Thanks to it, as melanin never dies, scholars and scientist were also able to examine and study the melanin present in the mummies and other human remains found in other parts of the world.
		Melanin is the key to the greatness of the Nile Valley and the rest of the ancient Afrikan civilization.
		Melanin is also present in the genital organisms of the fl man and woman.# This is the point of departure of our inner breathing, thus, spirituality.
	rizirikira.tripod.com /calcified.html (4670 words)

	AllRefer.com - melanin (Biochemistry) - Encyclopedia
		It is one of two pigments found in human skin and hair and adds brown to skin color; the other pigment is carotene, which contributes yellow coloring.
		The synthesis of melanin reactions is catalyzed by the enzyme tyrosinase; an inherited lack of tyrosinase activity results in one of the forms of albinism.
		Besides it role in pigmentation, melanin, which absorbs ultraviolet light, plays a protective role when skin is exposed to the damaging rays of the sun (see sunburn; skin cancer).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/melanin.html (258 words)

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