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Topic: Melting temperature

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	Temperature conversion calculators for metric and imperial units
		Temperature conversion calculators for metric and imperial units
		Fahrenheit established 0°F as the stabilized temperature when equal amounts of ice, water, and salt are mixed.
		He then defined 96°F as the temperature "when the thermometer is held in the mouth or under the armpit of a living man in good health."
	www.metric-conversions.org /temperature-conversion.htm (195 words)

	Melting temperature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The dissociation of a double-stranded DNA molecule is often referred to as melting because it occurs quickly once a certain temperature has been reached.
		melting temperature depends on both the length of the molecule, and the specific nucleotide sequence composition of that molecule.
		Where failures to correlate the buoyant density and the melting temperature arise (as in many bacteriophage DNAs) unusual bases have been found replacing all or part of one of the nucleotides in the genome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Melting_temperature (312 words)

	Melting point - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid.
		Melting points are often used to characterise organic compounds and to ascertain the purity.
		The melting point of a pure substance is always higher than the melting point of that substance when a small amount of an impurity is present.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Melting_point (352 words)

	Bilge's Research Description
		An alternative approach to predict the melting temperature of a duplex is to start from the calculated or observed molecular properties of the nucleotides, such as their thermodynamical as well as the molecular crystal structure data.
		One is the correct prediction of the melting temperature of the oligonucleotides on the surface.
		With this research, a new approach to predict the melting temperature and the stability of the oligonucleotides both in solution and on surface is to be developed using an integrated thermodynamical approach verified by experimental results.
	www.engin.umich.edu /dept/che/research/gulari/bilge.htm (1223 words)

	CHM 235L - Exp. 1 Melting Points
		Substances melt throughout a temperature range in which both the solid and liquid phases of the substance coexist in a state of equilibrium.
		The extent of this temperature range is a measure of the purity of the substance; that is, impure samples of compounds have lower and broader temperature ranges of melting.
		The melting point of the mixture will be identical to that of the known compound in the first instance or lowered and much broadened in the latter.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jkn/235L1-MeltingPoint.htm (1659 words)

	CHM 230 Lab Manual Melting Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Determination of the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium is tedious and time consuming; it is also quite difficult with a small amount of sample.
		Record the range of temperature from the first visible evidence of liquid (the sample appears moist, or a tiny drop of liquid is observed) to the complete liquefaction of the sample.
		If its melting point is the same as that of the unknown, it is likely that your unknown and the compound with which you mixed it are the same.
	chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu /labbooks/meltingPoint.html (2127 words)

	Melting Equipment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Temperature control using an immersion thermocouple is also recommended, as is a reducing atmosphere of gas, i.e.
		Electric induction melting is the preferred method for state of the art casting.
		Torch melting must be used by a skillful caster, due to the possible irregularity of the melt temperature.
	www.unitedpmr.com /melting_equipment.htm (439 words)

	Idaho Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The melting behavior of purified PCR product was affected by the concentration of SYBR Green I and the rate of temperature transition during denaturation (Fig.
		As the concentration of dye was increased, the melting curves shifted to higher temperatures (Fig.
		The melting curve of the primer oligomers is broad and lacks a distinct fluorescence transition.
	www.idahotech.com /product_sup/articles/melting/results.htm (729 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for melting point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		temperature TEMPERATURE [temperature] measure of the relative warmth or coolness of an object.
		Temperature is measured by means of a thermometer or other instrument having a scale calibrated in units called degrees.
		Melt miscibility in blends of polypropylene, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-stat-butylene)-block-polystyrene, and processing oil from melting point depression.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/08308.html (679 words)

	Temperature of the Core
		A number of studies have reported measurements of the melting curves of iron and iron alloys in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell [ Williams et al., 1991; Knittle and Jeanloz, 1991; Boehler 1992, 1993; Saxena et al., 1994].
		[1994] to 150 GPa, with the melting temperature of the former being
		Knittle and Jeanloz [1991] measured the melting curve of FeO to 102 GPa, and inferred that the melting temperature of FeO exceeds that of Fe by 1000-2000 K at the CMB pressure.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/duffy01/node2.html (464 words)

	Melting Point, Freezing Point, Boiling Point
		In theory, the melting point of a solid should be the same as the freezing point of the liquid.
		When a liquid is heated, it eventually reaches a temperature at which the vapor pressure is large enough that bubbles form inside the body of the liquid.
		C because this is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of water is 760 mmHg, or 1 atm.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/ch14/melting.php (913 words)

	Oil Fired Tilting Furnace
		Melting losses are also higher with ³soaking² or holding the metal at high temperature for an extended time and when fuels are burnt with a large excess of air.
		The pouring temperature of aluminum is approximately 1380 deg.
		Pouring temperature is dictated by the fluidity of the particular alloy and the type of casting.
	www.metalwebnews.com /howto/furnace2/melting.html (1089 words)

	Glass Melting Furnace Temperature Control
		The temperature of the melted glass is adjusted to a suitable temperature for the glass forming process to follow.
		The flow of melted glass is not uniform, especially at the bottom of the furnace.
		The error compensator is used to reduce the difference between the desired temperature and the actual temperature of the furnace.
	www.aptronix.com /fuzzynet/applnote/glass.htm (534 words)

	Melting of ‘porous’ vortex matter
		The images were obtained by differential magneto-optical imaging, with temperature modulation of 0.3 K. For clarity, the vortex solid has been colored in two shades; the orange-brown color corresponds to the vortex solid in the pristine regions of the sample and a darker brown color for the irradiated circular regions.
		In the movie it is clearly seen that the pristine unirradiated regions of the sample melt well before the irradiated apertures, in which the melting temperature is shifted by about 1 K with respect to the neighboring unirradiated regions.
		In this temperature interval the vortex solid inside the apertures (dark brown) is surrounded by vortex liquid phase in the pristine regions (dark blue).
	www.weizmann.ac.il /home/fnsup/research-porous.html (1025 words)

	Melting Curves of Lower Mantle Phases
		As silicate perovskite is widely believed to be the dominant phase of the Earth's lower mantle, the perovskite melting curve represents an upper bound to the temperature of this region, and places important constraints on the thermodynamic and rheological properties of the lower mantle.
		Extrapolation to the CMB pressure yields a melting temperature between 7000 and 8500 K. A number of discussions of the relative merits of these experiments have been reported [ Heinz et al., 1991; Heinz et al., 1994; Boehler and Zerr, 1994].
		Extrapolation of recently measured melting curves (to 32 GPa) of MgO and (Mg,Fe)O indicates these materials melt at 3500-5000 K at lower mantle pressures [ Zerr and Boehler, 1994], but molecular dynamics calculations of MgO melting temperatures are higher by several thousand Kelvin [ Cohen and Gong, 1994].
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/duffy01/node4.html (267 words)

	"DNA-Technology", JSC - Kits for a PCR amplification and a reverse transcription - Formats of PCR ...
		During a melting of the "S" paraffin and its mixing with a mineral oil in a PCR tube the formed mixture does not harden at the room temperature.
		At the same time the low melting temperature is less suitable for a "hot start" and increases a probability of a non-specific primer annealing.
		During a use of "R" paraffin a probability of the non-specific primer annealing is minimal.
	www.dna-technology.com /catalog/comp_para_en.shtml (217 words)

	Primo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If the degeneracy for a primer is 1000 fold, the melting temperature should be approximately 10 degree lower compared to that calculated without the primer concentration correction (i.e., 2 °C for each A and T, 4 °C for each C and G).
		The melting temperature of two 16-mers (8 A or T and 8 C or G) are shown.
		Melting temperature is calculated using the Nearest Neighbor model.
	www.changbioscience.com /primo/pconc.html (348 words)

	Influence of Structural and Topological Constraints on the (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the first paper of this series, it is shown that the linear extrapolation of observed melting temperatures cannot, in general, provide a reliable estimate of the equilibrium melting temperature.
		T + C2, and the finite lamellar thickness dependent melting temperature depression, as described by the Gibbs-Thomson treatment, provides a venue to the general relationship between the crystallization and observed melting temperatures.
		It is further shown that, for a constant thickening coefficient, the observed melting temperature must vary nonlinearly with the crystallization temperature.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-dept/marand/MA1-98.html (224 words)

	Melting Ice with Space Heaters
		The purpose of these tests was to determine the effects of air temperature, wind speed, and distance between the outlet and ice surface (standoff) with the use of hot air to melt ice.
		Thus, the temperature of the exhaust gases dominates the heat transfer, and the air temperature primarily affects only the sensible heat stored in the ice block, which is typically very small in comparison to the latent heat of ice.
		Even if the ice temperature were to drop to -10° F (-23° C) (an air temperature frequently seen at many Corps projects in the northern part of the United States), the sensible heat represents less than 15 percent of the latent heat of fusion for ice.
	www.wes.army.mil /REMR/bulls/vol14/no3/text/ice.htm (1415 words)

	INSC: MatProp: UO2: Melting Point
		The variation in melting temperature is in accord with the expected lower oxygen to uranium (O/U) ratio in the latter samples.
		The melting point of UO given in MATPRO [13] is 3113.15 K. This temperature is based on measurements by Brassfield et al.
		The uncertainty in the recommended temperature of UO is +/-1% (1s) The experimental results of Latta and Fryxell [6] and of Lyon and Baily [7] are well within this uncertainty.
	www.insc.anl.gov /matprop/uo2/melt.php (866 words)

	LAB: Melting Temperature of a Solid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The resulting liquid will then be allowed to cool, and the temperature of the substance will be recorded at regular time intervals until all of the liquid has re-solidified.
		The melting point and freezing point are the same temperature (and same phase change).
		Record the temperature indicated by the thermometer in the tube every 30 seconds, even though the thermometer eventually sticks in the "frozen" substance and cannot be removed.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hall/1410/lab-C-14.html (1026 words)

	melting point
		When heat is applied continuously and in sufficient quantity to such solids, the temperature rises steadily until it reaches the point at which liquefaction occurs.
		Here the rise ceases and no further change in temperature is observed until all of the substance has been converted to liquid.
		The heat being applied to the substance at that temperature is consumed in bringing about the change of state, and none is available to raise the temperature of that part of the substance already liquefied until all of it has changed to the liquid.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0832609.html (329 words)

	Phoenix College - CHM 230 Melting Points (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When a pure crystalline solid is heated, the atoms, ions or molecules vibrate more and more rapidly until at a definite temperature the thermal motion of the particles becomes great enough to overcome the forces of attraction.
		Suppose two compounds A and B have identical melting points of 131-2°C and appear to be identical.
		A capillary tube loaded (see B on next page) with a sample whose melting point is to be taken should then be attached to the thermometer with a small rubber band.
	chemlab.pc.maricopa.edu /labbooks/230/meltingpoints/index.html (2098 words)

	Web Site Map - Table of Contents
		Chromalox CWM Constant Wattage Medium Temperature Heating Cable
		Chromalox 1603E Digital 1/16 DIN Temperature Control with Configuration Port
		Chromalox 1601E 1/16 DIN Digital Temperature Control with Configuration Port
	www.heatersplus.com /sitemap.htm (966 words)

	Silicone-Rubber Microvalves Actuated by Paraffin
		In the case of a valve designed to be normally open at ambient temperature, one would use a paraffin having a melting temperature above ambient.
		The availability of paraffins that have melting temperatures from -70 to +80 °C should make it possible to develop a variety of normally closed and normally open valves.
		In the normally open valve, the paraffin would have a melting temperature above ambient (e.g., 40 °C) and the wall of the well would be coated with a layer of titanium that would serve as an electric heater.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Sept04/NPO30519.html (556 words)

	Recovery of DNA from low-melting-temperature agarous gels
		Pour a gel containing the appropriate concentration of low-melting- temperature agarous.
		Mix the samples of DNA with tracking dye, heat shock at 65 C for 5 min, transfer in ice, and load onto the gel.
		Melt the agarous at 65 C for 1 to 5 min.
	wheat.pw.usda.gov /~lazo/methods/lazo/dnalmelt.html (272 words)

	A New State Of Matter Turns A Solid World Into A Melting One
		The melting point was observed by forming condensation 'droplets', rather like hot steam hitting a cold window, and passing the condensate through a mass spectrometer and finally an electric field.
		Bertsch concedes that the research is controversial, and there are physicists who insist there can only be one melting temperature for each of the 92 natural elements.
		However, he notes, it has been suggested that there is a relation to a theory known as surface melting: when a substance reaches melting temperature, only a small surface layer melts immediately.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1997-09/UoW-ANSO-110997.php (618 words)

	Lapidary Journal: Technically Speaking - Solder by Sara M. Sanford
		Melting temperatures of solder are determined by the zinc content: the higher the zinc content, the lower the melting temperature.
		Zinc is what turns the lower melting temperature silver solders a yellowish-gray; to avoid conspicuous solder lines, use the highest temperature solder feasible.
		The melting temperature is when the solder starts to melt, and the flow point occurs when the solder is completely molten.
	www.lapidaryjournal.com /tech/1298tech.cfm (1027 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The {\em melting temperature} of a string is twice the number of 'A's and 'T's, plus 4 times the number of 'C's and 'G's.
		In addition, we assign a melting temperature to string pairs - defined to be the maximal temperature of a common substring.
		For example, the melting temperature of ('AATATTATGCG','GCGAATATCC') is 12, because of the common substring 'GCG'.
	www.cs.huji.ac.il /~theorys/2000/Amir_BenDor (276 words)

	Standards Results
		Lead, tin and low melting alloys (white metals) are non-ferrous alloys used in the manufacture of solder, semiconductor, battery and decorative products.
		Crucibles are vessels used to melt and process materials at high temperatures.
		melting behaviour (melting temperature or melting range) of semi-crystalline polymers by capillary tube and polarizing-microscope methods.
	www.designinfo.com /Engineering-search/Engineering-Standards/melting?clickSrc=STID (405 words)

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