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Topic: Membrane (biology)

	AllRefer.com - membrane (Cell Biology) - Encyclopedia
		membrane, structure composed mostly of lipid and protein that forms the external boundary of cells and of major structures within cells.
		Membrane organization is based on a sheet two molecules thick : a double layer of lipids aligned with their long hydrocarbon tails tucked inside : studded with protein molecules, some of which extend completely through the lipid bilayer.
		The basic function of the membrane is to provide for the integrity of the cell : e.g., to separate the outside from the inside.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/membrane.html (319 words)

	Cell-Biology.com: Cellular Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The plasma membrane, by limiting the transport of some things and facilitating the movement of others helps to maintain the internal environment of the cell, which is different from the extracellular fluid.
		It is remodeled by the addition of new membrane vesicles from the Golgi while removal takes place in the form of endocytotic, phagocytotic and pinocytotic vesicles being formed and then fused with lysozomes for processing.
		Membrane receptors and membrane are often conserved and recycled to the plasma membrane.
	www.cell-biology.com (760 words)

	Cell biology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and developmental biology.
		Some proteins, such as those to be incorporated in membranes (membrane proteins), are transported into the ER during synthesis and further processed in the Golgi apparatus.
		From the plasma membrane, proteins destined to be degraded move back into intracellular compartments where they are broken down to their individual amino acids.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cell_biology (389 words)

	Molecular Membrane Biology
		The latter, namely the structure determination of membrane proteins is the problem, because it is very difficult to crystallize membrane proteins for either X-ray or electron crystallography, and because alternative methods of membrane protein structure determination still have to prove their usefulness.
		membrane proteins of known structures is maintained by the department.
		Selected genes of monomeric membrane proteins from the thermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus and the pathogenic bacterium Salmonella typhimurium are expressed in Escherichia coli with the aim of crystallizing the corresponding membrane proteins.
	www.mpibp-frankfurt.mpg.de /molecularmembranebiology (581 words)

	UCMP Glossary: Cell biology
		The cell consists primarily of an outer plasma membrane, which separates it from the environment; the genetic material (DNA), which encodes heritable information for the maintainance of life; and the cytoplasm, a heterogeneous assemblage of ions, molecules, and fluid.
		Plants are known for their cell walls of cellulose, as are the green algae and certain protists, while fungi have cell walls of chitin.
		This is believed to be the result of endosymbiosis, with the outer membrane coming from the eukaryotic cell, and the inner membrane belonging to the original prokaryote which was "swallowed".
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/gloss4cell.html (1470 words)

	Cell biology Article, Cellbiology Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Cell biology (cellular biology) is an academic discipline which studies the physiological properties of cells, as well as their behaviours, intercellular interactions, and environment ; this is done both on a microscopic and molecular level.
		Cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and developmental biology.
		Membrane proteins are synthesized in the ER andare further processed in the Golgi apparatus.
	www.anoca.org /proteins/membrane/cell_biology.html (252 words)

	Program
		students in the physiology, biophysics, biochemistry, structure, and cell and molecular biology of biological membranes.
		The central idea motivating the program is that biological membranes, and especially plasma membranes, are the arbiters and integrators of a cell's response to its environment.
		The students in their second year may choose among courses on molecular biology and neuropharmacology, imaging methods in membrane biology, hormone-receptor interactions, the role of membranes in synaptic transmission, cell-cell recognition, the control of muscle contraction, and the cell and developmental biology of muscle and nerve.
	membranebiology.umaryland.edu /program.htm (338 words)

	Cell Membranes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Researchers believe alcohol interacts with cell membranes in the brain, which co...
		The Cell Membrane as a Biosensor of Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiation Exposu...
		A living frontier – exploring the dynamics of the cell membrane...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /biology/292.html (137 words)

	Cell-Biology.com: Cellular Organelles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Proteins made within the rough ER bud off in vesicles and are transported to the Golgi where the vesicles fuse with the membrane and the components are further modified, concentrated and packaged by the time they bud off as vesicles on the opposite side of the Golgi.
		The highly organized chromatin within is enveloped by a nuclear membrane that contains numerous pores for the transport of large macromolecules and ribosomal subunits to the cytoplasm.
		Ribosomes are often attached to the outside membrane and it is sometimes continuous with the rough ER.
	www.cell-biology.com /organ.html (2233 words)

	The Cell Membrane
		To perform the function of the organelle, the membrane is specialized in that it contains specific proteins and lipid components that enable it to perform its unique roles for that cell or organelle.
		In essence membranes are essential for the integrity and function of the cell.
		Membranes help organize the cell into domains and microdomains.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /cellbio/membrane.htm (412 words)

	NIH Guide: STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY OF MEMBRANE PROTEINS
		Considerable research is ongoing in the area of membrane protein structure and function, yet relatively few investigators have applied the techniques of x-ray crystallography, electron diffraction, or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study directly the structures of their proteins.
		Membrane proteins are the targets of a large number of pharmacologically and toxicologically active substances and are responsible, in part, for their uptake, metabolism, and clearance.
		Despite the importance of membrane proteins, the knowledge of their high resolution structures and mechanisms of action has lagged far behind the knowledge of these properties of proteins in general.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/pa-files/PA-02-060.html (2959 words)

	Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial
		Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus.
		Covered with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance) which are in the process of synthesizing proteins for secretion or localization in membranes.
		A membrane bound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell, and also helps degrade materials ingested by the cell.
	www.biology.arizona.edu /cell_bio/tutorials/pev/page3.html (282 words)

	Cell Biology - The Great Web Directory
		Nature Structural Biology - Nature Structural Biology Nature Structural Biology Nature Structural Biology is an international monthly journal publishing the highest quality original research in all fields relating to the cellular function of biological macromolecules as...
		Cell Biology Tutorial - Investigating the fundamental aspects of cell biology and elaborating upon the biological cell.
		WWW Cell Biology Course - If you wish to help on this project click on the SourceForge icon: For now I have decided to show the portions that are more or less done - note all parts need work (it was originally a prototype course for 2 friends 4 1/2 years ago.
	www.thegreatwebdirectory.com /Science/Biology/Cell_Biology/Cell_Membrane_and_Adhesion (1073 words)

	A Taylor & Francis Journal: Molecular Membrane Biology - Instructions for Authors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Recent advances in molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry and biophysics have led to a spectacular increase in the understanding of biological membranes at the molecular level.
		Molecular Membrane Biology is currently ranked by the ISI at 39/261 in the 'Biochemistry & Molecular Biology' category, and at 28/156 in the 'Cell Biology' category.
		Molecular Membrane Biology considers all manuscripts on the strict condition that they have been submitted only to Molecular Membrane Biology, that they have not been published already, or that they are under consideration for publication or in press elsewhere.
	www.tandf.co.uk /journals/authors/tmmbauth.asp (1291 words)

	Molecular Membrane Biology Program
		Three members of this group have developed membrane budding assays and identified molecules required for Herpes virus envelopment, regulated vesicular budding from the trans Golgi and plasma membrane budding of enveloped viruses, respectively.
		A new subtractive method to obtain polyclonal antibodies to secreted or membrane proteins has been developed for use in cloning molecules differentially expressed in the membrane or secreted from normal versus cancer cells.
		Membrane Program members focused on molecular mechanisms of secretion and membrane trafficking are using state-of-the art approaches to pinpoint molecules required for the secretion of growth promoting and inhibiting factors, and the production of enveloped viruses such as Herpes which can cause cancer or infections in patients with cancer.
	www.aecom.yu.edu /cancer/new/programs/4_molecular/secretion.htm (253 words)

	Membrane biology: A new focus for faculty recruitment part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Cell membrane proteins are crucial to every cell type and organ system.
		Membrane biology, a broad discipline that encompasses cellular, epithelial, endothelial and excitable membranes, has been identified as a unifying theme for new faculty recruitment within the School of Medicine.
		Its goal is also to build a critical intellectual mass in membrane biology, enabling investigators to compete more effectively for extramural funds in this burgeoning area of scientific inquiry.
	www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu /matrix/vol8_no8_oct01/html/biology1.html (196 words)

	Membrane biology: A new focus for faculty recruitment part 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Prominent institutions that emphasize membrane biology include Yale, Harvard, Stanford, UCLA, Johns Hopkins, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania, Vanderbilt, Washington University and Case-Western Reserve University.
		At UC Davis, planners hope that a membrane biology thematic recruitment program will help catapult the School of Medicine into the top quartile of medical schools nationally as measured by research funding.
		A membrane biology focus will help to do just that, while advancing understanding of the roles membrane proteins play in physiological processes and human diseases, and contributing to progress toward new therapies.
	www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu /matrix/vol8_no8_oct01/html/biology6.html (381 words)

	Biology 202: Membrane Structure & Function
		Lipids and Proteins are free to move about (diffuse) in the plane of the membrane and to rotate about an axis perpendicular to the membrane.
		are an intrinsic component of the membrane and extend from one side of the lipid bilayer to the other; they cannot be removed without disrupting the membrane.
		In (b) water diffuses across the membrane until the difference in height, h, equals the osmotic pressure.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /classes/biology/bio202/TFrey/MembraneStructure.html (1280 words)

	GCC for Membrane Biology
		~30% of the proteins in the human proteome are membrane proteins, yet they represent <1% of the proteins of known structure.
		Because of their central role in cell signaling and cell-surface accessibility to soluble agents, membrane receptors are the target for 40% of pharmaceuticals on the market (7 of the 15 most frequently prescribed drugs target membrane proteins).
		Membrane functions are vital to health and, not surprisingly, specific defects in membrane proteins and toxic effects of membrane-active substances are associated with numerous known disease states.
	cohesion.rice.edu /centersandinst/gcc/membrane_about.cfm (217 words)

	Chapter 2.1: Phospholipid/Cell Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The phospholipid bilayer which the cell membrane is an example of, is composed of various cholesterol, phospholipids, glycolipids and proteins.
		The rate of diffusion will vary depending on the its: size, polarity, charge and concentration on the inside of the membrane versus the concentration on the outside of the membrane.
		membrane proteins and other proteins in later sections.
	ccgb.umn.edu /~mwd/cell_www/chapter2/membrane.html (571 words)

	CELLS II: CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
		The outer surface of the membrane will tend to be rich in glycolipids, which have their hydrophobic tails embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane and their heads exposed outside the cell.
		The cytoplasm was defined earlier as the material between the plasma membrane (cell membrane) and the nuclear envelope.
		The thin extensions of the inner mitochondrial membrane are known as _____.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookCELL2.html (2695 words)

	Cell Membrane
		Cell Biology is a chapter of the MIT Biology Hypertextbook, designed by the Experimental Study Group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology to supplement the course materials of their Introductory Biology course.
		The Cell Biology chapter contains sections on characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, structure and function of organelles and the cytoskeleton, mitosis, basic virus structure, phage replication, membrane structure and composition, membrane proteins structures, receptors, membrane transport mechanisms, and a set of cell biology practice problems.
		Presented in 1998, "Theoretical studies of membrane models : molecular dynamics of water, lipids and membrane proteins" is the PhD thesis of Dirk Tieleman of the Faculty of Science at the University of Groningen.
	bioresearch.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D002462.html (1036 words)

	Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology: recommended links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The NCBI creates public databases, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analysing genome data, and is a good port of call for teachers and researchers alike.
		When the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database was launched, its aims were to provide a detailed and comprehensive description of structural and evolutionary relationships, as well as to provide links to co-ordinates, images of the structure, interactive viewers, sequence data and literature references.
		Presynaptic proteins, synaptic vesicle docking and membrane fusion
	www.nature.com /nrm/info/links.html (2087 words)

	Membrane Biology Group IDG
		Cells and subcellular organelles are delimited by a lipid membrane that is essentially impermeable to many of the components of the cellular milieu.
		The laboratories were officially opened by Professor Sir William Stewart FRS, FRSE on 17 May 2000 and followed by a mini symposium: ‘Membrane Biology in the new Millennium’ with keynote addresses by Professor Richard Boyd (Oxford) and Professor John Findlay (Leeds).
		The IDG is truly interdisciplinary, with international recognition of its expertise in the areas of biophysics, cell biology and molecular biology, as evidenced by the large number of its national and international collaborators.
	www.mvm.ed.ac.uk /idg/membrane.htm (949 words)

	Biology 1111 Cell membrane
		extracellular fluid temperature decreases cause a stiffening of the cell membrane
		diffusion process is a key factor in movement of substance across cell membranes and through the cytoplasm of the cell
		cytoplasmic vesicles fuse to the cell membrane and contents are released to the outside of the cell
	www.northland.cc.mn.us /biology/Biology1111/Bionotes/Bionotes5.htm (548 words)

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