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	Arch Summary
		Arches were used extensively in bridge construction, with stone arches used during the Roman Empire and again in Europe from medieval times to the present.
		The arch was first developed in the Indus Valley civilization circa 2500 BC [1] and subsequently in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Assyria, Etruria, and later refined in Ancient Rome.
		Arches were used by the Harappan, Egyptian, Babylonian, Greek and Assyrian civilizations for underground structures such as drains and vaults, but the ancient Romans were the first to use them widely above ground although it is thought that Romans learned it from the Etruscans.
	www.bookrags.com /Arch (1410 words)

	Triumphal arch - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		By the second century arches were being erected to commemorate other events, such as the surviving triumphal arch at Ancona, erected by a grateful city to commemorate Trajan's improvements to the harbor.
		Later arches were built of high-quality marble with a large central arch in the middle, its ceiling treated as a barrel vault, and sometimes two smaller ones on each side, adorned with a complete Architectural order, of columns and entablature, enriched with symbolic or narrative bas-reliefs and crowned with bronze statues, often a quadriga.
		Arch of Tiberius, Leptis Magna, erected 35 CE Arch of Septimius Severus, Leptis Magna
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Triumphal_arch (937 words)

	Memorial.Triumphal Arch in Moscow.
		The construction of the Triumphal Arch (the first and only monument erected after the war of 1812 in Moscow that was in the form of an arch) stretched out for five years because of lack of money and the indifference of the municipal authorities.
		The rich sculptural decoration of the arch was kept for 32 years in the branch establishment of the Shusev Museum of Architecture on the grounds of the former Donskoy Priory.
		Whereas Bove had placed the arch in the suburbs of the capital, among small buildings where it showed as the center of an architectural composition, the contemporary city planners were presented with the problem of installing the monument in an established urban landscape, among tall buildings whose height far exceeded that of the arch.
	www.museum.ru /1812/English/Memorial/arka/index.html (2735 words)

	CHS: Civil War Monuments of Connecticut:
		SOLDIERS AND SAILORS MEMORIAL ARCH, Bushnell Park, Hartford, is significant historically because it is a tangible symbol of the honor and respect paid by the City of Hartford to its men who served in the Civil War.
		The Hartford arch predated the competition for the Grand Army Plaza Arch in Brooklyn's Prospect Park (1888) and Stanford White's Washington Memorial Arch at the foot of Fifth Avenue in New York City (1889).
		In the spandrels of the arch south and north are shields carved with insignia of the infantry, cavalry.
	www.chs.org /ransom/049.htm (2393 words)

	Sigma Chi at RPI - Delta Psi Chapter - Arch Love Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Arch graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1942 and served in the U.S. Navy from 1944-46.
		Arch was a life member of the RPI Delta Psi chapter of the Sigma Chi Fraternity, serving as chapter advisor and president of the Phi Epsilon Phi Corporation.
		Arch's family and all the guests were very appreciative that we came and thanked me for sharing all of our thoughts.
	members.aol.com /bobshortle/sigmachiatrpi/archlove.htm (3480 words)

	Ward Arch marks College's new grand entrance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The arch is the most noted campus landmark and became part of the College’s logo when the College changed its name July 1, 2002.
		The Ward Memorial Arch, a rough-hewn entryway, was installed in 1898 as a permanent memorial in honor of Dr. James T. Ward, the first president of the College.
		Moving a stone arch is a very tricky operation and it almost didn’t come off, according to local stone mason Harry Ditman, who led the crew that started the work in the fall of 1936.
	www.mcdaniel.edu /news/archive04/archdedication.shtml (798 words)

	Stanford University and the 1906 Earthquake
		Memorial Arch was planned concurrently with Memorial Church and erected at the entry to the Main Quadrangle in memory of Leland Stanford Junior.
		Like the Church, Memorial Arch was symbolic of the power and influence of the University’s founders and was designed to be a focal point of the Main Quadrangle.
		Because Memorial Arch was so massive and had been composed of unreinforced masonry, the work that it would take to repair and protect it from future damage was extensive and would require a complex new steel structural system.
	quake06.stanford.edu /centennial/tour/stop3.html (1269 words)

	National Park Service: Architecture in the Parks (Gateway Arch)
		To the east of the Arch is the Mississippi River.
		The Arch was built in triangular sections and, like the weighted catenary chain, has larger sections at the base and progressively smaller sections at the apex.
		Thus, neither the extrados nor the intrados of the arch was a catenary.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/harrison/harrison30.htm (2068 words)

	Pa Freemason February 03 - Monument National Memorial Arch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		a memorial arch within Valley Forge Park, in commemoration of the patriotism displayed and the suffering endured by Gen. George Washington, his officers and men." Completion was delayed to wait for funding.
		On the inner walls of the Arch are bronze plaques with the names of the general officers at Valley Forge.
		The National Memorial Arch stood for more than 80 years until it was closed to the public for safety reasons.
	www.pagrandlodge.org /freemason/0203/arch.html (232 words)

	Memorial Arch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		One of the focal points of Tappan Square, Oberlin's grassy central plaza, The Memorial Arch was originally dedicated in spring 1903 in commemoration of the Oberlin missionaries killed in the Chinese Boxer Rebellion.
		Today the arch is the backdrop to Oberlin's spring Commencement ceremonies.
		During stretches of unbearably good weather in the spring, professors often lead their students across the street from King and conduct their classes on the steps of the arch.
	www.oberlin.edu /campusmap/html/memorial_arch.html (81 words)

	Jefferson National Expansion Memorial - Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (U.S. National Park Service) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The 630 foot stainless steel Gateway Arch reflects St. Louis’ role as the gateway to the West.
		The park is a memorial to Jefferson’s role in opening the West through the Louisiana Purchase, to the pioneers who helped shape the history of the American West, and to Dred Scott who sued for his freedom from slavery in the Old Courthouse.
		Visitors to the Gateway Arch can tour the Museum of Westward Expansion, ride the tram to the top, and watch the movies Gateway to the West and Monument to the Dream.
	www.nps.gov /jeff (350 words)

	Grand Army Plaza - History
		The construction of the memorial arch, created by John Duncan in 1889, took on national importance; Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman laid the first stone and President Grover Cleveland presided over its unveiling ceremony on October 21, 1892.
		In 1896, sculptor Frederick MacMonnies was chosen to adorn the Arch with sculptures depicting heroic Civil War battle scenes attended by Greco-Roman mythological figures.
		The other two groupings were installed upon each pedestal of the Arch; the left one was entitled The Spirit of the Army, the right entitled The Spirit of the Navy.
	www.prospectpark.org /dest/main.cfm?target=../dest/gran_hist (590 words)

	Jefferson National Expansion Memorial - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arch, designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, stands 630 feet (192 m) tall, and is 630 feet (192 m) at its widest point.
		Underneath the Arch is a visitor center, entered from a descending outdoor ramp starting at either base.
		In 1984, David Adcock of Houston, Texas, began to scale the arch by means of suction cups on his hands and feet, but he was talked out of continuing after having climbed only 20 feet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jefferson_National_Expansion_Memorial (1908 words)

	Saint Louis Gateway Arch
		he Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Park was established on the banks of the Mississippi River, on December 21, 1935, to commemorate the westward growth of the United States between 1803 and 1890.
		Large screen movies are shown on the Arch's Odyssey Theatre's four story high screen featuring a 70 mm projection system and THX Sound.
		Accessibility at Gateway Arch - The Arch lobby and Museum of Westward Expansion are accessible by ramps located throughout the building.
	www.slfp.com /View-of-Arch.html (679 words)

	The Gateway Arch :: Jefferson National Expansion Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		No trip to St. Louis is complete without a visit to the Gateway Arch - the stunning stainless steel structure that rises 630 feet high from the banks of the Mississippi, making it our nation's tallest monument.
		More than an engineering marvel, the arch has come to represent the spirit of the City of St. Louis, the Gateway to The West.
		Each year, millions of visitors flock to the Arch to make the journey to the top.
	www.nps.gov /jeff/arch.html (103 words)

	University of Minnesota TC: M
		To understand the importance of the arch to the class, consider the coincidence of timing: The arch commemorates Minnesotans who served in World War I, while the bombing of Pearl Harbor happened during the class of 1942’s senior year.
		At the apex of the horseshoe-shaped stadium, in the center of 30 smaller arches, a flat facade some 30 feet wide and 50 feet tall was designed to hold the memorial.
		Unlike the smaller arches that led to seating areas, the grand arch led directly to the field and became the stirring entry point for the marching band.
	www1.umn.edu /urelate/m/Summer99/umaa.html (3021 words)

	The World War II Memorial, United In A Just And Common Cause
		The dedication of the Memorial marked the culmination of the hopes and dreams of the many Americans for whom the creation of such a Memorial was long overdue.
		The Memorial will be flanked by two of America’s most cherished landmarks, the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument, both of which mark other turning points in our nation’s history: the Revolutionary War, represented by the Washington Monument, created our nation; the Civil War, represented by the Lincoln Memorial, was fought to preserve its unity.
		The memorial’s historic site, a 7.4-acre rectangular plot of land and water at the eastern end of the Reflecting Pool, was selected by the American Battle Monuments Commission and approved by the Commission on Fine Arts, and the National Capital Planning Commission.
	srjarchives.tripod.com /1998-09/DOLE.HTM (1221 words)

	Bushnell Park Foundation , Hartford, CT - Education -Tours (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Notable Trees and Memorial Arch Tours--Each Thursday from May to October you can climb the 96 steps to the top of the 1886 Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch and enjoy the beautiful views of the park, the Capitol and downtown Hartford.
		Volunteer guides open the Arch from 12 to 1 and are eager to tell you about the Civil War memorial, its architectural and artistic significance, as well as talk about the history of the park in general.
		Self-guided tours--Free Bushnell Park Tree Walks brochures are available at the Arch, from the Bushnell Park Foundation (232-6710), or at the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection--the building with the red-tile roof on Elm St. adjacent to the Park.
	www.bushnellpark.org.cob-web.org:8888 /edutours.html (237 words)

	Menin Gate, a living memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1928, a year after the inauguration of the Menin Gate Memorial, a number of prominent citizens in Ypres decided that some way should be found to express the gratitude of the Belgian nation towards those who had died for its freedom and independence.
		The Menin Gate Memorial on the east side of Ypres was thought to be the most appropriate location for the ceremony.
		Blomfield's memorial combines the architectural images of a classical victory arch and a mausoleum and it contains, inside and out, huge panels into which are carved the names of the 54,896 officers and men of the commonwealth forces who died in the Ypres Salient area and who have no known graves.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-memorials/menin_gate.htm (632 words)

	New York Architecture Images- Washington Square Arch
		Inspired by Roman triumphal arches, this structure was erected in 1889 to celebrate the centennial of George Washington's inauguration.
		For the April 30 event, the department opened the spiral stairway within the west leg of the arch that leads to the roof, giving visitors a rare view of the interior brickwork, and a close-up of the worn marble surface as they descended on a scaffold on the outside of the arch.
		The arch, designed by architect Stanford White, was dedicated in 1895 and replaced a temporary wooden arch that was erected in 1889 to mark the centennial of George Washington's inauguration.
	www.nyc-architecture.com /GV/GV046WashingtonSquareArch.htm (3911 words)

	Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Arch - Bushnell Park (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The arch was designed by Hartford architect George Keller, whose ashes were buried in the east tower when he died in 1935, along with those of his wife, Mary, who died in 1946.
		The arch was dedicated on September 17, 1886, --the anniversary of the Battle of Antietam--to honor the 4,000 Hartford citizens who served in the Civil War, and the 400 who died for the Union.
		This plaque was the result of research by Airron Bethea, a seventh grade student in Hartford, who was writing an essay in 1987 for the rededication of the restored Arch.
	www.bushnellpark.org /poi/smarch.html (229 words)

	Making a Difference
		The Rosedale Arch, dedicated in September 1924, was designed as a "scaled down" version of that famous Parisian memorial.
		It was created as part of a memorial park to honor the "Rainbow Division," the 42nd U.S. Infantry Division, composed of National Guard units from 26 states and the first to arrive in France in World War I. This dedication occurred two years after Rosedale, a separate city, consolidated with Kansas City, Kansas.
		The arch sits atop Mount Marty, and it is lighted up at night, making it highly visible to the surrounding community.
	www.planning.org /cpf/stories/rosedalearch.htm?project=Print (443 words)

	Oberlin College Archives \| Published Resources \| Photographic Building Guide \| 37. Memorial Arch ...
		The Memorial Arch was erected as a memorial to the missionaries of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions who lost their lives in the Boxer uprising in China in 1900.
		The cornerstone of the Arch was laid October 16, 1902, and it was dedicated May 14, 1903.
		The Memorial Arch is located on the west side of the campus, at the center, and constitutes the main entrance to the campus from the west.
	www.oberlin.edu /archive/resources/photoguide/memorial_arch.html (175 words)

	Cow Hampshire :: New Hampshire: The Memorial Arch of Tilton
		Sitting in what is now Tilton Arch Park, it is named after the Tilton family, not the town, and it is considered a work of art.
		Within a boundary from Kearsage and Rugged Mountains in the east to the hills of Meredith in the north, circumscribed by the horizon that marks the highlands to Ossipee and Gilford Mountains in the east and south, the prospect is unobstructed.
		The Memorial Arch of Tilton is on the National Register of Historic Places.
	cowhampshire.blogharbor.com /blog/_archives/2006/8/2/2079016.html (4416 words)

	Memorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Dedicated to the 9th and 10th horse cavalry regiments, the memorial wall is constructed of native limestone and serves as a backdrop for a 9-foot bronze sculpted statue of a buffalo soldier by his horse.
		On Sept. 8, 1898 the arch was dedicated and has stood guard over the northeast entrance to Heritage Park since.
		Erected as a memorial to those who gave their lives in the War between the States, the monument was planned and carried out by the veterans of the Grand Army.
	www.junctioncity.org /cvb/Memorials.htm (207 words)

	Hartford, Connecticut \| Soldier's & Sailors Memorial Arch
		It was designed by Hartford architect George Keller, whose ashes were buried in the east tower when he died in 1935, along with those of his wife, Mary, who died in 1946.
		The arch was dedicated on September 17, 1886 – the anniversary of the Battle of Antietam – to honor the 4,000 Hartford citizens who served in the Civil War, and the 400 who died for the Union.
		The arch marks the entrance to what was once the bridge that crossed the Park River.
	hartford.omaxfield.com /arch.html (214 words)

	The Civil War Correspondent Memorial Arch (Gathland Park) (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Above a Moorish arch sixteen feet high built of Hummelstown purple stone are super-imposed three Roman arches.
		The three Roman arches are made of limestone from Creek Battlefield, Virginia, and each is nine feet high and six feet wide.
		Later it was acquired by members of the Frederick Chamber of Commerce and the Historical Society of Frederick County, Inc. On May 13,1949, it was deeded to the State of Maryland to be administered as a State Park by the Department of Forests and Parks.
	www.civilwarhome.com.cob-web.org:8888 /Gathland.htm (758 words)

	Memorial Hill
		Here in the keeping of the Ladies Memorial Association are the remains of the Fort Stedman heroes, killed March 25th, 1865, many of whose bones were then bleaching in the sun.
		Besides the reburials on Memorial Hill, many thousands of soldiers from other battlefields were brought to Petersburg for hospitalization from 1861-1865 and died here. Many of these were buried in Blandford Cemetery, a record of whom is kept in the church, showing their native state, their rank,
		Services Are held on Memorial Hill in Blandford Cemetery each year. The services are held not only for the 30,000 Confederate dead who are buried here, but for service members of all wars.
	www.craterroad.com /memorialhill.html (429 words)

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