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Topic: Memory effect

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	The Myth of Memory Effect
		Memory Effect has become a catch-all for anything that can, and will, go wrong with a NiCd battery, from over-charging, deep-discharging and all manner of abuse which will actually damage a battery (and not just a NiCd one).
		Memory Effect itself does not really exist, although it can be made to appear under the most stringent of scientific investigations.
		It is impossible to create Memory Effect in NiCd batteries under normal use, and it's incredibly difficult to do even when you set about deliberately causing it, but that doesn't stop people believing their batteries are, will, or may be suffering from it.
	www.hippy.freeserve.co.uk /nicdmyth.htm (937 words)

	Article: The Dreaded Memory Effect
		Yes and no. The ‘real’ memory effect as reported in certain space borne applications and caused by persistent under charging of a partially discharged cell is almost certainly never seen in mobile phone batteries or any others in terrestrial service except in certain very unusual circumstances.
		Much more commonly, there is AN effect, properly called voltage depression, which people now tend to refer to as ‘memory effect.’ This is a bit unfortunate as the cause (and cure) is different from the true memory effect.
		Originally, memory effect was seen in spacecraft batteries subjected to a repeated discharge/charge cycle that was a fixed percentage of total capacity (due to the earth’s shadow).
	www.resrchintl.com /memory_effects.html (770 words)

	Rechargeable Battery Memory Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Memory - This is the most misunderstood and misleading of all battery phenomena.
		"Memory" is a term primarily used by manufacturers to describe (and often to make excuses for) a condition apparent only in poorly designed or mis-applied batteries.
		The term "memory" refers to a voltage depression in NiCd (and to a lesser degree in NiMH cells) which occurs when batteries are repeatedly shallow (partially) discharged and then charged on unsophisticated chargers.
	www.familybaron.co.uk /technical/battery_memory_effect.htm (300 words)

	Sci.Electronics FAQ: No NiCd memory... dammit
		This is not "true" memory because the cell is not subjected to repeated charge/discharge cycles that the cell eventually remembers.
		Another reason memory effect is a myth since all the consumer charger's I've seen actually overcharge until there is a slight voltage drop (due to an increase in resistance from the formation of larger cadmium hydroxide particules that cause contact loss).
		The only effect that the current charge level has on the next charging cycle is that it's much easier to overcharge a NiCd cell whose current charge state is unknown, than it is to overcharge one which is known to be flat.
	www.repairfaq.org /ELE/F_NiCd_Memory.html (983 words)

	What is rechargeable memory effect? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In a broader term, battery memory effect means a battery does not deliver all stored charge (capacity) as it should for some reasons.
		Most of the people thought battery memory effect means if a battery does not get discharged fully, then in the subsequent fully charged, the battery would remember its state and can’t discharge pass that point.
		The usage memory effect only happens when a battery is precisely discharged to an exactly same level over and over again, and recharged without any overcharged.
	www.amondotech.com /index.asp?PageAction=Custom&ID=20 (448 words)

	Battery Memory Effect - What it is and what you can do about it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For those who have not heard of this problem it is commonly believed that when rechargeable batteries are not fully discharged between charge cycles that they remember the shortened cycle and are thus reduced in capacity (length of use per charge).
		With improvements in batteries and charging technology this 'memory effect' is becoming a thing of the past.
		Voltage Depression ('Memory Effect') is often incorrectly used to explain low battery capacity that should be attributed to other problems, such as inadequate charging, overcharge, or exposure to high temperatures.
	www.zbattery.com /zbattery/memoryeffect.html (586 words)

	Batteries and Memory effect
		The term "memory" basically is described as the battery "remembers" its usual discharge point and superficially "needs" a charge whenever it hits that point.
		The most simple way to get rid of memory is to discharge the battery to 1.0 volts per cell (VPC) on a minimal load, and then charge it fully.
		Repeat this procedure until you notice the battery lasting longer and longer on the drain, until it holds its correct capacity and not the "memorized" one.
	www.batterybank.com /page18.html (555 words)

	Great Moments in Science - Smell and Memory 2
		She agrees entirely that the Proustian memory (where a smell boots a realistic mental image into existence) is a real phenomenon.
		But she has done various experiments that show that these memories triggered by smell, are no more accurate than memories triggered by other cues, such as words or pictures.
		As Professor Herz showed, a memory triggered by an odour is no more accurate than a memory triggered by a description, even though the odour memory is far more vivid and seems to be "real".
	www.abc.net.au /science/k2/moments/s313350.htm (660 words)

	Memory
		Much more commonly there is AN effect, properly called voltage depression, which people now tend to refer to as "memory effect".
		The term 'memory' has become a catch-all 'buzzword' that is used to describe a raft of application problems, being most often confused with simple voltage depression.
		Specifically, the term 'memory' came from an aerospace nickel-cadmium application in which the cells were repeatedly discharged to 25% of available capacity (plus or minus 1%) by exacting computer control, then recharged to 100% capacity WITHOUT OVERCHARGE [emphasis in the original].
	www.wppltd.demon.co.uk /WPP/Batteries/Memory/memory.html (1481 words)

	Shape Memory Alloys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Shape memory alloys (SMA's) are metals, which exhibit two very unique properties, pseudo-elasticity, and the shape memory effect.
		The shape memory effect is observed when the temperature of a piece of shape memory alloy is cooled to below the temperature Mf.
		The load on the shape memory alloy is increased until the Austenite becomes transformed into Martensite simply due to the loading; this process is shown in Figure 5.
	www.cs.ualberta.ca /~database/MEMS/sma_mems/sma.html (778 words)

	Battery Tips - Ways to get 100% out of your battery.
		Ni-Cad has a chemistry-related problem associated with it called Memory Effect, which limits the discharge capacity of the cell if not completely discharged during each use.
		A relative of the Ni-Cad chemistry, it has improved performance in respect to the memory effect problem, increased capacity, and therefore a higher energy density than Ni-Cad.
		A periodic discharge to one volt per cell or "exercise" is essential for Ni-Cad cells to prevent the building-up of memory.
	www.intelligentbatteries.com /XX_Tips.htm (1323 words)

	Forget about forgetting
		The answer was found in applying the so-called spacing effect, which says that the longer the interval between repetitions, the better the memory effect.
		The question arises immediately: If the biological optimization of the memory storage is as efficient as in the case of humans, why do not developers of operating systems assign memory attributes to blocks of memory, and use increasing-intervals combined with the spacing effect in developing, say, the next version of Windows.
		The novel element presented in the thesis was the distinction between the stability and retrievability of memory traces.
	www.supermemo.com /articles/kowal.htm (4692 words)

	Determinants of Excitability in Cardiac Myocytes: Mechanistic Investigation of Memory Effect -- Hund and Rudy 79 (6): ...
		The dependence of excitability on the cell's pacing history (the memory effect) is illustrated in Fig.
		The memory effect described here is associated with a history of fast pacing over a period of time.
		Effects of pacing on triggered activity induced by early afterdepolarizations.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/79/6/3095 (4211 words)

	Charging Cell Phone Battery, Battery FAQ, Memory Effect, Lithium Battery Information, Battery Capacity Information
		"Memory Effect" is a condition of reduced battery performance (and eventual failure) due to a battery only using those cells that are fully discharged and charged on a regular basis.
		NiMH batteries, while considerably better than their NiCd counterparts, are prone to developing "memory effect." However, proper care and conditioning over the life of a NiMH battery will significantly reduce the potential negative impacts.
		NiMH batteries, while much better than their NiCd counterparts, may develop the "memory effect" and experience degraded performance over the life of the battery.
	www.cellpower.com /FAQs.cfm (1143 words)

	Dan's Quick Guide to Memory Effect, You Idiots
		I have not yet heard anybody extolling the virtues of running your cordless drill from a truck battery, because lead acid batteries don't have memory effect but everything else does, but I'm sure someone has.
		"Memory effect" is now used as a general term for anything that makes a battery not deliver its full capacity.
		True memory only happens in sintered plate NiCd cells (which aren't necessarily the sort of NiCd you're using, and are of course completely different from any kind of NiMH cell), and it only happens when you precisely discharge a cell to exactly the same level over and over again, and recharge it without any overcharge.
	www.dansdata.com /gz011.htm (958 words)

	What is memory effect? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The term derives from the fact that the battery appears to have a memory for the amount of charging it can sustain.
		The effect was first noticed in aerospace applications and has been widely misused with regard to the batteries used in portable computer devices.
		The memory effect is very rare in computer NiCad batteries, especially modern ones.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/M/memory_effect.html (269 words)

	Enhanced visual memory effect for negative versus positive emotional content is potentiated at sub-anaesthetic ...
		Enhanced visual memory effect for negative versus positive emotional content is potentiated at sub-anaesthetic concentrations of thiopental -- Pryor et al.
		Memory modulation by negative emotion is mediated by the amygdala.
		Effects of locus coeruleus lesions on vigilance and attentive behaviour in cat.
	bja.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/3/348 (4334 words)

	The Mysterious Memory Effect of Rechargeable Batteries - Computerworld
		Memory effect refers to a temporary or permanent loss of capacity in a battery when it's discharged.
		True says he believes memory effect isn't really a problem for today's Ni-Cads in cell phones, since their chargers are more precise in preventing an overcharge.
		The memory effect was a bigger concern several years ago, when Ni-Cads were introduced for video equipment batteries as an alternative to lead-acid batteries.
	www.computerworld.com /hardwaretopics/hardware/story/0,10801,70298,00.html (1181 words)

	Batteries - Battery Effect Lithium Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Memory effect, also known as lazy battery effect, is.....battery..Propranolol..
		...effect with similar symptoms to the memory effect is the so-called "lazy battery effect.....however, Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) and lithium ion batteries have become more.....use this...
		Column about rechargeable battery memory effect, and why you shouldn't worry about it.
	www.batterygateway.com /links/battery-effect-lithium-memory.html (680 words)

	Lithium Battery Memory Effect
		Dan's Quick Guide to Memory Effect, You Idiots -...other people talk about how the lithium ion battery in their laptop's better than NiMH because lithium ion has no memory effect, but NiMH does.
		Charging Cell Phone Battery, Battery FAQ, Memory Effect, Lithium -...and shorter battery life because the battery is using less than it's true full capacity.
		No memory effect means that the battery always fully charges with...
	lastingbatteries.com /lithium-battery-memory-effect.html (761 words)

	hackingthemainframe.com :: View topic - battery memory effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Just googling around for "battery memory effect urban legend," "debunk battery memory effect" and "batter memory effect myth" and stuff like that, I find a lot of references to an early NASA thing.
		Apparently, this is the source of the urban legend: the "memory effect" was noticed on batteries on satellites orbiting Earth.
		When salespeople tell you that a battery might have a memory effect, they're basically telling you the battery is just a piece of shit.
	hackingthemainframe.com /forum/viewtopic.php?p=52878 (518 words)

	Re: What is the memory effect of rechargeable batteries?
		When you look at some of the sources I found, you should be able to see that not everyone agrees on how important this effect really is. It does seem agreed that there are other problems that may be more important in the poor performance of NiCd batteries than the famous memory effect.
		In most cases, however, there is a combination of the two phenomenon (from now on when memory is mentioned we refer to crystalline formation.) The active materials of a NiCd battery (nickel and cadmium) are present in finely divided crystals.
		Another form of memory that occurs on some cells is the formation of an inter-metallic compound of nickel and cadmium which ties up some of the needed cadmium and creates extra resistance in the cell.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/mar98/890950225.Ot.r.html (530 words)

	Estrogen's Effect On Memory
		Some studies have found that estrogen can stave off memory loss due to Alzheimer's disease, according to a presentation on estrogen and the brain held in New York on Wednesday.
		Many of the studies to date looking at hormone replacement therapy and memory have found that estrogen-users score better on tests of learning and memory than non-users, according to Dr. Richard Mayeux, professor of neurology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York.
		"You could say with some degree of certainty there does appear to be a short-term effect, primarily in the area of memory, but we can't say much about aging at this point and we certainly can't say much about how long this effect would last," he said.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1997050805.shtml (600 words)

	batteries reviews, the memory effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The word memory was originally derived from cyclic memory, meaning that a NiCd battery can remember how much discharge was required on previous discharges.
		Testes performed at a Black and Decker lab, for example, showed that the effects of cyclic memory were so small that they could only be detected with sensitive instruments.
		The effects of crystalline formation are most pronounced if a NiCd battery is left in the charger for days, or is repeatedly discharged without a periodic full discharge.
	www.batteryreviews.com /memory.html (363 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - The Musical Brain
		Nevertheless, these researchers believed that memory was improved because music and spatial abilities shared the same pathways in the brain.
		After 8 months of this treatment, the children were tested on their ability to put puzzles together (spatial-temporal reasoning) and to recognize shapes (spatial-recognition reasoning).
		Bridgett, D.J. and Cuevas, J. Effects of listening to Mozart and Bach on the performance of a mathematical test.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/music.html (1599 words)

	Windows!
		A reversible solid-state phase transformation from austenite to martensite on cooling (or by deformation) and the reverse transformation from martensite to austenite on heating (or upon release of deformation).
		Figure 7 depicts an atomic model illustrating the mechanism of shape memory effect while the sequence of temperature change, deformation and shape recovery associated with the phenomenon is described in Figure 8.
		Materials such as stainless steels, Ti, and Ta have weak galvanic effects with NiTi and are safer to use as compared to precious metals such as Au and Pt that have strong galvanic effects.
	www.memry.com /nitinolfaq/nitinolfaq.html (2373 words)

	NiMH Rechargeable Batteries UK: Rechargeable Battery FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A major advantage of NiMH battery technology, apart from lack of toxicity, is the absence of any memory effect - NiMH batteries are remarkably tolerant of frequent 'top-up' charging.
		The memory effect in NiCad batteries can be reduced by completely discharging them before a charge commences - this is usually called refreshing.
		The merits of refreshing NiMH batteries are questionable - they don't suffer the memory effect and it is probably not necessary.
	www.digibattery.co.uk /ni-mh_store1.html (1285 words)

	Memory effect on the battery?? [Archive] - All About Symbian Forums
		Im just worried about coming home everyday and putting my phone in the stand all the time, that its going to kill the life of the battery.
		30-04-2003, 04:04 PM The lithium ion/polymer batteries do not suffer from any kind of memory effect neither in theory nor in practice.
		Of course the battery life decreases continuously, but that is unavoidable, and not a consequence of any memory effect.
	www.allaboutsymbian.com /archive/t-11395 (337 words)

	SCRIPT-O Quiz Maker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The _____________________ battery suffers from what would be considered battery memory effect.
		This effect prohibits a battery from charging to its full voltage.
		To counter the ____________________it would be good to discharge the battery all the way down before recharging it.
	www.readingmatrix.com /cgi-bin/instructors/main.cgi?State=show_quiz&filename=O8QiQIQOO8lCl8lIl1lCO8Q0QIl1O8ljl8lqliO8Qlljl8QIQoQIO8QOlil1lolmlglQlql1QoQOlmQjOglIl8lqO8ljQoQoQ0lol8lIQIO8lmlgQIQoQOQilIQol8QOQIO8lol1Qol1O8omoIoioOoiiOoQO8I1I1I0IjIiI1IoIOIQIoOgQ1Qn (341 words)

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