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	Menander II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Menander II "The Just" (reigned circa 90-85 BCE) was an Indo-Greek King who ruled in the areas of Arachosia and Gandhara in the north of modern Pakistan.
		Menander was probably the son of Strato I, and the grandson of Menander I.
		More likely, Menander I may indeed have first supported Buddhism, like the other Indo-Greek kings, and was probably the main protagonist of the Milindapanha, on account of his described fame, and his grandson Menander II, a minor king, may have wholeheartedly embraced Buddhism, as examplified by his coins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Menander_II (595 words)

	Menander I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Menander I ( also known as Milinda in Sanskrit, Pali), was one of the Greek kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom in northern India from 155 or 150 to 130 BC.
		In the West, Menander seems to have repelled the invasion of the Greco-Bactrian usurper Eucratides, and pushed him back as far as the Paropamisadae, thereby consilidating the rule of the Indo-Greek kings in the northern part of the Indian Subcontinent.
		Menander was the first Indo-Greek ruler to introduce the representation of Athena Alkidemos ("Athena, saviour of the people") on his coins, probably in reference to a similar statue of Athena Alkidemos in Pella, capital of Macedon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Milinda (845 words)

	Zoilos II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He may have been a successor or a sub-king of Menander II, although their relationship is unclear.
		This is a characteristic of several of the Indo-Greek kings of the eastern Punjab, such as Strato I, Apollodotus II, and sometimes Apollophanes and Dionysios.
		The coins of Zoilos II combine Greek monograms with Kharoshthi ones, indicating that some of the celators may have been native Indians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zoilos_II (304 words)

	Menander I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Menander I ( also known as Milinda in Sanskrit, Pali), was one of the Greek kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom in northern India from 160 to 135 B.C. Table of contents
		Menander was the first Bactrian king to strike coins with legends in both Greek and Sanskrit ; according to tradition he also embraced the Buddhist faith, as described in the Milinda Pañha, a classical Pali Buddhist text on the discussions between Milinda and the Buddhist sage Nāgasena;.
		In the Milindanpanha, Menander is introduced as "king of the city of Sâgala in India, Milinda by name, learned, eloquent, wise, and able; and a faithful observer, and that at the right time, of all the various acts of devotion and ceremony enjoined by his own sacred hymns concerning things past, present, and to come.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/menander_i (567 words)

	PHOENICIA - LoveToKnow Article on PHOENICIA
		The tablets which reveal this state of affairs are written in the language and script of Babylonia, and thus show indirectly the extent to which Babylonian culture had penetrated Palestine and Phoenicia; at the same time they illustrate the closeness of the relations between the Canaanite towns and the dominant power of Egypt.
		Some of the Phoenician chiefs, among them Ithobal II., the new king of Tyre, while forced to yield to a change of masters, were bold enough to declare their hostility to the Babylonians.
		Ezekiel says that Nebuchadrezzar and his host had no reward for their heavy service against Tyre, and the presumption is that the city capitulated on favorable terms; for Ithobals reign ends with the close of the siege, and the royal family is subsequently found in Babylon.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHOENICIA.htm (11591 words)

	Samiabib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		"Menander, Samia 580 and Not-und Hilferufe in Ptolemaic Egypt." ZPE 44 (1981): 169-171.
		Blake, W.E. "The conclusion of the Samia of Menander." TAPhA 55 (1924): 25.
		Slings, S.R. "Menander, Samia 53." ZPE 30 (1978): 228.
	www.cwru.edu /artsci/clsc/Samiabib.HTML (795 words)

	Indo-Greek [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Menander I Menander I ( also known as Milinda in Sanskrit, Pali), was one of the Greek kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom in northern India from 160 to 135 BC....
		Menander, the "Saviour king", seems to have converted to Buddhism Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit; in Pāli, Siddhattha Gotama), who lived between approximately 563 and 483 BCE.
		She was the widow of the great king Menander I, and ruled as a regent for their son Strato I. Her territory extended from the Hindu-Kush in the West to Mathura in the East, retaining the capital of her husband in Sagala (modern Sialkot) in the northern Punjab....
	www.wikimirror.com /Indo-Greek (13747 words)

	Greco-Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The coins of the Indo-Greek king Menander (reigned 160 to 135 BCE), found from Afghanistan to central India, bear the inscription "Saviour King Menander" in Greek on the front.
		Some of the coins of Menander I and Menander II incorporate the Buddhist symbol of the eight-spoked wheel, associated with the Greek symbols of victory, either the palm of victory, or the victory wreath handed over by the goddess Nike.
		The ubiquitous symbol of the elephant in Indo-Greek coinage may also have been associated with Buddhism, as suggested by the parallel between coins of Antialcidas and Menander II, where the elephant in the coins of Antialcidas holds the same relationship to Zeus and Nike as the Buddhist wheel on the coins of Menander II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greco-Buddhism (3859 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Justin II
		Justin II's reign is covered by a number of sources, though it lacks a Procopius or Agathias whose works have illuminated the reign of Justinian.
		The report continued that Justin II and empress Sophia wanted to see the head of Justin, son of Germanus, after his murder and when it was brought to them, they kicked it.
		The empress Sophia, like her aunt, had been openly Monophysite, and Justin II had possibly leaned in the same direction, but realizing that Monophysite sympathies would be a political liability for an ambitious emperor-in-waiting, both had become solidly orthodox.
	www.roman-emperors.org /justinii.htm (7585 words)

	84.02.07: The Grouch (Dyskolos) by Menander An Example of Greek New Comedy
		Menander’s life and a section on the discovery in 1957 of the entire play should enhance their appreciation of this work, and a detailed character study of the protagonist Knemon will afford sone understanding of his plight.
		I. Menander was not content simply to repeat the traditional qualities of stock figures like the cook and slaves: when he used old themes he made them a part only of an individual character, or he modified them; sometimes he even contradicted tradition to create an effect by the unexpectedness of his treatment.
		Menander is remarkable for presenting a great range of individualized and sympathetically treated slaves; he thought of them neither as mere instruments of their masters’ wishes nor as vehicles for comic interludes.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1984/2/84.02.07.x.html (6008 words)

	Articles - Indo-Greek Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The remaining domains were divided into two realms: the house of Menander retreated to their territories east of the Jhelum River as far as Mathura, whereas other kings ruled a larger kingdom of Paropamisadae, western Punjab and Arachosia to the south.
		This is the case of Strato I, Zoilos I, Heliokles II, Theophilos, Peukolaos, Menander II and Archebios.
		Altogether, the conversion of Menander I to Buddhism suggested by the Milinda Panha seems to have triggered the use of Buddhist symbolism in one form or another on the coinage of close to half of the kings who succeeded him.
	www.kamero.net /articles/Indo-Greek_Kingdom (3311 words)

	Electronic Antiquities Volume II, Number 4
		By this means Menander, almost by way of an aside, introduces material that contains a limiting factor for the old man's misanthropy and seclusion, material that is then developed in the course of the action and sets in train a series of events and developments that lead ultimately to the necessary resolution of the plot.
		Menander does try to do just this in what follows -- he has no immediate desire to give up the comic potential of developing a character like Knemon -- but the essence of Knemon's weakness as an extreme personality is already there, ready to be called upon when needed.
		Menander himself recognised the pathos by inserting the intervention of the cook and bringing on-stage the comic figure of Niceratos with the sheep at 399 precisely to re-establish a lighter, less tragic, atmosphere after the expulsion scene.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /ejournals/ElAnt/V2N4/ireland.html (6724 words)

	Ethics of the Hellenistic Era by Sanderson Beck
		When Philip II 's daughter Cynane arranged for her daughter Eurydice to marry Philip III, Olympias instigated Perdiccas and his brother Alcetas to murder Cynane; but the soldiers were so upset that they had to allow the king to marry Eurydice.
		Leonidas II ruled Sparta alone until he died in 235 BC and was succeeded by his son Cleomenes III, who married Agis' beautiful widow Agiatis and was won over by her to the radical program of social reform.
		When Eumenes II of Pergamum was nearly murdered by agents of Perseus and persuaded the Roman senate to attack Macedonia, the Roman army invaded Greece and took three years to defeat the Macedonians; but in 168 BC largely because Perseus was unwilling to give money to allies, his army was soundly defeated at Pydna.
	www.san.beck.org /EC23-Hellenistic.html (20403 words)

	Harvard University Press/Menander, Heros. Theophoroumene. Karchedonios. Kitharistes. Kolax. Koneiazomenai. Leukadia. ...
		This new Loeb Menander is three times the size of the Allinson volume.
		Among these are the recently published fragments of Misoumenos ("The Man She Hated"), which sympathetically presents the flawed relationship of a soldier and a captive girl; and the surviving half of Perikeiromene ("The Girl with Her Hair Cut Short"), a comedy of mistaken identity and lovers' quarrel.
		It is a comedy that focuses on the hazards of love and trials of family life--as is typical of New Comedy, a style of which Menander is the leading writer.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/L459.html (214 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2001.05.16
		Menander's debt to tragedy could be flaunted or obscured, producing broad parody, subtle allusion, or sometimes just flickers in an attentive viewer's memory.
		It will surely encourage those who know Menander well to do what A. did, which is to see the corpus as a whole and reconsider everything in it from the beginning.
		We need some new ideas, and with Menander now begging to be read just as the burgeoning field of fourth-century studies is producing new contexts for reading him, the time is propitious.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2001/2001-05-16.html (1567 words)

	menander
		Now Aristophanes is neither pleasing to the many nor endurable to the thoughtful, but his poetry is like a harlot who has passed her prime and then takes up the role of a wife, whose presumption the many cannot endure and whose licentiousness and malice the dignified abominate.
		Menander's art, however, can best be appreciated by setting it in the context of Menander's Athens, rather than by comparing his comedy directly to Aristophanes'.
		But Menander has a surprise in Act V. Menander transfers the conflict within the household from the erotic relationship to the one between father and son, bringing the filial relationship to light as the chief interest of the drama.
	www.vroma.org /~araia/menander.htm (1358 words)

	HISTORY OF HERESIES
		Cardinal Orsi adds, that Menander was the first who invented the doctrine of “Eons," and that he taught that Jesus Christ exercised human functions in appearance alone.
		The most impious of his blasphemies was, that Jesus Christ was the son of Joseph and Mary, born as the rest of men are; that he was but a mere man, but that, on account of his great virtue, the Almighty adopted him as his Son (9).
		They promulgated their doctrines before Menander, in the year 125; but, because they were disciples of his, we have mentioned them after him.
	catholicapologetics.0catch.com /hrefute.htm (11492 words)

	Tiberius II Constantine
		As a close friend to Justin II, he was appointed as Count of the Excubitors and his support was instrumental in allowing Justin II to seize the throne upon Justinian's death.
		In December of 574, Sophia was able to influence Justin II to appoint Tiberius as Caesar and he was renamed Tiberius Constantine [[3]].
		Tiberius' co-reign with Justin II Tiberius felt that Justin II had been too conservative financially and immediately began spending money, mainly on the military and his followers, earning him popularity and support [[4]].
	www.roman-emperors.org /ticonii.htm (1015 words)

	Coins, Art, and Chronology: Cribb page 3
		The same applies to the Menander Era of 155 BC and the Old Shaka Era of 129 BC, both of which have been constructed on the basis of similar attempts to explain these three inscriptions.
		It is the so-called Menander inscription of Reh (Fussman 1993: 118; Sharma 1980).
		The Unknown Era's association with the kings Vima I Tak[to] and Vima II Kadphises suggests that it should be recognized as the era of two early Kushan inscriptions found at Mathura.
	www.grifterrec.com /y/cribb/ekk_cribb_03.html (4471 words)

	The History of Menander the Guardsman. Introductory Essay, Text, Translation and Historiographical Notes (ARCA, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The late sixth-century A.D. Greek historian Menander the Guardsman (Menander Protector) wrote during the reign of the emperor Maurice (582-602).
		His work, which survives in extensive fragments, is a major source for the end of Justinian's reign and those of his successors, Justin II (565-578) and Tiberius II (578-582).
		Menander's particular interest was diplomacy, and his fragments are an invaluable, and often vivid, commentary on Roman relations with Persians, Avars, Turks and other nations on their eastern frontier.
	www.enotalone.com /books/0905205251.html (258 words)

	The Questions of King Milinda (SBE35): Introduction
		Milinda is supposed to be the Menander, who appears in the list of the Greek kings of Baktria, since he is described in the book as being a king of the Yonakas reigning at Sâgala (the Euthydemia of the Greeks), and there is no other name in the list which comes so near to Milinda.
		The use of this epithet is very probably the foundation of the tradition preserved by Plutarch, that Menander was, as a ruler, noted for justice; and it is certainly evidence of the Buddhist influences by which he was surrounded.
		India when the memory of the actual facts of Menander's reign was fading away--that is, some generations after his death--he may well have converted him to Buddhism, as the most fitting close to the discussion he records, without intending at all to convey thereby any real historical event.
	www.sacred-texts.com /bud/sbe35/sbe3502.htm (5101 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2005.04.30
		Part I ("Continuity and Innovation") traces the evolution of rhetorical theory and instruction from Hermagoras to the end of the third century, while Part II ("Menander of Laodicea") assembles and comments on the testimonia and fragments explicitly attributed to Menander, and then mines the Demosthenic scholia for further information on his teaching and writing activities.
		Menander's biography comes from the Suda, and a partial bibliography is given in the Suda and a fifth-century letter preserved on papyrus.
		The majority of fragments that name Menander come from his commentary on Demosthenes; the number and contents of the fragments show clearly that Menander was an authoritative commentator on Demosthenes who was known for analyzing the arguments of the orator's speeches using issue-theory.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2005/2005-04-30.html (1354 words)

	geco information,greco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Buddhism flourished under the Indo-Greek kings, and it has been suggested that their invasion of India was intended to showtheir support for the philhellenic Mauryan empire, and to protect theBuddhist faith from the religious persecutions of the Sungas.
		Menander, one of the most famous successors of Demetrius, ruled from 150 to 135 BC He is presented by Greek authors as aneven greater conqueror than Alexander the Great.
		Menander, described on his coins as the "Saviour king", seems to have converted to Buddhism, and is described in Buddhist texts as a great benefactor of the religion, on a par with Ashoka or the future Kushan emperor Kanishka.
	www.pin-outs.com /geco.html (744 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Justin Martyr
		The place of the interview is not definitely told, but Ephesus is clearly enough indicated; the literary setting lacks neither probability nor life, the chance meetings under the porticoes, the groups of curious onlookers who stop a while and then disperse during the inteviews, offer a vivid picture of such extemporary conferences.
		His chief argument, and one calculated to convert this hearers as it had converted him (II Apol., xii), is the great new fact of Christian morality.
		He states that among the Christians there are some who do not admit the Divinity of Christ but they are a minority; he differs from them because of the authority of the Prophets (Dial., xlvi); the entire dialogue, moreover, is devoted to proving this thesis.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08580c.htm (5174 words)

	Banff Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		&#8220;Menander and Earlier Drama.” In Betts, Hooker and Green 1986: 1-9.
		Fantham, E. “Heautontimorumenos and Adelphoe: A Study of Fatherhood in Terence and Menander.”; Latomus 30: 970-98.
		Sandbach, F. &#8220;Menander’s Manipulation of Language for Dramatic Purposes.” In E. Turner (ed.), Ménandre, Entretiens sur l’Antiquité Classique 16 (Geneva) 113-36.
	www.classics.uiuc.edu /dsansone/banff_bibliography.htm (10793 words)

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