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Topic: Menarche

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	Menarche - GlWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Menarche refers to the first menstrual period, or first menstrual bleeding, as a girl's body progresses through the changes of puberty.
		When menarche occurs, it confirms that the girl has had a gradual estrogen-induced growth of the uterus, especially the endometrium, and that the "outflow tract" from the uterus, through the cervix to the vagina, is open.
		When menarche has failed to occur for more than 3 years after thelarche, or past 14.5 years of age, the delay is referred to as primary amenorrhea.
	www.childlover.org /index.php/Menarche (221 words)

	[No title]
		Analyses using a sample of children of twins indicated the association between daughters’ age at menarche and mothers’ likelihood of having a stepfather for their children is not causal, but instead influenced by familial confounds.
		Given that early menarche is associated with early sexual intercourse and consequent single motherhood, it may be that those mothers predisposed to raise children without a biological father in the home genetically transmit an early menarcheal age to their daughters (Caspi, 1998; Surbey, 1990).
		The mean ages of menarche of children of twins discordant for stepfathers were as follows: Girls with stepfathers, but not step-uncles, had a mean age of 12.52 (SD=1.41) whereas girls with step-uncles, but not stepfathers had a mean age of 12.59 (SD=1.41).
	www.people.virginia.edu /~jm4ky/docs/thesis.doc (3809 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Menarche typically occurs after the peak of the adolescent growth spurt.
		Menarche occurs in non-athletes at approximately 12.9 yr.
		The consequences of delayed menarche in athletes are not known.
	www.sportsci.org /encyc/drafts/Menarche.doc (496 words)

	Menarche - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A specific hormonal signal for menarche is not known; menarche as a discrete event is thought to be the relatively chance result of the gradual thickening of the endometrium induced by rising but fluctuating pubertal estrogen.
		Although unlikely, it is possible for a girl engaging in coitus shortly before her menarche to conceive and become pregnant, delaying her menarche until after the birth.
		Menarche is celebrated in many cultures around the world as a time to recognise that a girl is moving into womanhood.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Menarche (1142 words)

	IngentaConnect Age at menarche: secular trends and association with adult anthro...
		The nature of the relationship between age at menarche and adult life anthropometric measures may be important in understanding the importance of this measure on disease in later life.
		Aim: To establish whether mean age at menarche changed during the first half of the 20th century, and to determine the nature of associations between age at menarche and anthropometric measures in young adulthood.
		Menarcheal age was positively associated with height and negatively associated with weight and BMI, results independent of socio-demographic and behavioural factors.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /search/expand?pub=infobike://tandf/tahb/2001/00000028/00000001/art00007 (314 words)

	Average age of menarche, at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health
		Their findings include: Age at menarche has not dropped in the last 45 years, but age at the onset of secondary sex characteristics has.
		Research shows that menarche has dropped from 14-15 years to 12-13 [N.B. this chart was one I made myself, copying the data from one of the books I used.
		It does make the point though that almost 1/8th of girls are still at primary school when they get their first period, and that more should be done to provide for them (in terms of education and dispensers in the toilets, etc.).
	www.mum.org /menarage.htm (1594 words)

	AGE AT MENARCHE AND ITS CORRELATES IN SHIRAZ, SOUTHERN IRAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Subjects who experienced menarche in the spring had the lowest age at menarche; this increased in girls who menstruated in summer and autumn, and showed the highest value in girls who menstruated in winter.
		The seasonal pattern of menarcheal age was different from Europe, which has the lowest value in winter and the highest in autumn, maintaining an increasing pattern from winter to autumn.
		If the eventuality of bias in recall due to a tendency to associate menarche with easy-to-remember events such as festivals, is excluded, one may infer that the stress associated with school activities could have an inhibitory effect on the onset of puberty which in turn would appear to be favored in periods of greater relaxation.
	www.sums.ac.ir /~ijms/9912/ayatollahi9912.html (1719 words)

	Delayed Menarche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The mean age of menarche for gymnasts is between 14 and 15 years of age, according to several studies.
		In comparison, swimmers on the average achieve menarche at about 13 years of age and track and field athletes around 14 years of age.
		There is no evidence that delayed menarche causes damage to the reproductive system or any other part of the body.
	www.hhp.ufl.edu /keepingfit/ARTICLE/menarche.htm (318 words)

	ESPE: Delayed Menarche Following Hormone-Suppressing Therapy Not A Cause For Concern
		Wendy Paterson of the Department of Child Health at RHSC reported that while the onset of menarche was later for these girls than was seen in other studies, the window, or range of years in which they entered puberty, was significantly shorter.
		There did not appear to be a correlation between the length of time a girl was on hormone therapy and the age at which she entered menarche.
		Nor was there a correlation between the age of menarche and the age at which she began using hormone-suppressing therapy.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/F0F809F7EFF6EB4E85256A86006DC4E8 (653 words)

	Brad DeLong's Semi-Daily Journal: Menarche
		Menarche: Better health is causal factor behind the biological capability to become pregnant.
		I doubt the menarche age is so important here, as most societies have pretty systematic rules governing marriage and family formation.
		And back in college in 1977, the professor in my "The Biology of Sex" course said that the studies of age at menarche were mostly from areas with long cold winters, meaning that people spent much of the year eating cornmeal mush or the local equivalent.
	delong.typepad.com /sdj/2005/08/menarche.html (1790 words)

	WDRP - Summary
		In this study, we 1) determined mean age at menarche in our cohort of young women with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between the ages of 1-29, and 2) examined the effect of diabetes management on age at menarche in a subgroup of 90 girls diagnosed before menarche.
		Data on age at menarche, diabetes management, and body-mass index (BMI) were collected with biannual questionnaires and at exams.
		While mean age at menarche for all young women with type 1 diabetes in our population did not differ from the U.S. population, our findings among the subgroup diagnosed prior to menarche suggest that glycemic control influences age at menarche.
	www.pophealth.wisc.edu /widiabetesregistry/summary_3.html (177 words)

	Serum Dioxin Concentrations and Age at Menarche
		The youngest age at menarche reported by the women who were premenarcheal at the time of the explosion was 8 years.
		We addressed the possibility of bias associated with the inclusion of women who, relative to their birth cohort, might already be at risk for late age at menarche at the time of the explosion (e.g., a woman who was 14 years of age but still premenarcheal in 1976).
		The women in the SWHS reported age at menarche in whole years, presumably age at last birthday, and age was not rounded to the nearest "biological age." Such nondifferential measurement error would reduce precision and would tend to bias our findings toward no effect.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2004/7004/7004.html (3461 words)

	Sickle cell disease and age at menarche in Jamaican girls: observations from a cohort study -- Serjeant et al. 85 (5): ...
		Sickle cell disease and age at menarche in Jamaican girls: observations from a cohort study -- Serjeant et al.
		Mean age at menarche is delayed by 0.5 years in SC disease and by 2.4 years in SS disease.
		Age at menarche was summarised by genotype using mean
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/85/5/375 (2173 words)

	Association of polymorphisms of the oestrogen receptor{alpha} gene with the age of menarche -- Stavrou et al. 17 (4): ...
		Association of polymorphisms of the oestrogen receptor{alpha} gene with the age of menarche -- Stavrou et al.
		Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Katsouyanni, K. and Yuasa, S. (1990) Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: associations and interactions in an international case control study.
		Prapas, N., Bela, E., Prapas, I. and Papanikolaou N. (1989) Menarche in Greece (compared study of the population of Crete and Thrace).
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/4/1101 (3485 words)

	Size at Birth Predicts Age at Menarche -- Adair 107 (4): 59 -- Pediatrics
		The median age at menarche calculated from the hazard model is 13.1 years, with 50% of girls attaining menarche between 12.4
		Simondon KB, Simondon F, Simon I, Preschool stunting, age at menarche and adolescent height: a longitudinal study in rural Senegal.
		Koo MM, Rohan TE Accuracy of short-term recall of age at menarche.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/107/4/e59 (3801 words)

	Relation of Childhood Diet and Body Size to Menarche and Adolescent Growth in Girls -- Berkey et al. 152 (5): 446 -- ...
		For each girl, age at menarche was recorded to the exact month.
		Her age at menarche was 12 years and 10 months.
		Leptin is inversely related to age at menarche in human females.
	aje.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/152/5/446 (3579 words)

	Maternal age at menarche and atopy among offspring at the age of 31 years -- Xu et al. 55 (8): 691 -- Thorax
		Maternal age at menarche was correlated with that of the daughter (r = 0.19, p = 0.01).
		Age at menarche is one of the few established risk factors for breast cancer.
		Age at menarche of the mother and the daughter were significantly correlated, even though the mean age at menarche of mothers
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/55/8/691 (1741 words)

	Maternal age of menarche is not associated with asthma or atopy in prepubertal children -- Maitra et al. 60 (10): 810 ...
		Maternal age of menarche is not associated with asthma or atopy in prepubertal children -- Maitra et al.
		Maternal age of menarche is not associated with asthma or atopy in prepubertal children
		Maternal age at menarche was assessed from prenatal questionnaires
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/60/10/810 (379 words)

	MENARCHE
		Menarche is the name given to the time when a girl has her first period.
		Some girls experience their first period without knowing what it is. To suddenly find blood in your underpants, or on your bed, is a frightening experience.
		For this reason it is important for parents to prepare their daughters, in advance of the menarche, for the changes associated with growing up.
	www.mydr.com.au /?Article=477 (428 words)

	NEJM -- Scoliosis and fractures in young ballet dancers. Relation to delayed menarche and secondary amenorrhea
		The incidence of fractures was 61 percent (46 of 75 dancers), and it rose with increasing age at menarche.
		Sixty-nine percent of the fractures that were described were stress fractures (mostly in the metatarsals), and their occurrence had an even stronger correlation with increased age at menarche.
		These data suggest that a delay in menarche and prolonged intervals of amenorrhea that reflect prolonged hypoestrogenism may predispose ballet dancers to scoliosis and stress fractures.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/314/21/1348 (638 words)

	Prenatal factors, childhood growth trajectories and age at menarche -- Silva et al. 31 (2): 405 -- International ...
		to be associated with an earlier age of onset of menarche.
		The average age at menarche among the 1974 girls for whom the
		the observed effect on age at menarche might be biased.
	ije.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/31/2/405 (3940 words)

	Relation of Age at Menarche to Race, Time Period, and Anthropometric Dimensions: The Bogalusa Heart Study -- Freedman ...
		menarcheal age, resulting in a sample of 11 218 observations.
		Secular trend of earlier onset of menarche with increasing obesity in fl and white girls: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
		Menarcheal age and the height, weight, and skeletal age of girls age 7 to 17 years.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/110/4/e43 (3999 words)

	Age at Menarche in Relation to Maternal Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, Coffee, and Tea during Pregnancy -- Windham et al. 159 ...
		age at menarche and some aspect of larger body size (2, 5–7).
		The distribution of age at menarche was confirmed to be approximately
		Age at menarche and Tanner stage in girls exposed in utero and postnatally to polybrominated biphenyl.
	aje.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/159/9/862 (4907 words)

	Ability of Young Women to Recall Past Body Size and Age at Menarche -- Koprowski et al. 9 (8): 478 -- Obesity Research
		was asked to record her age at menarche.
		BMI (r = 0.75) and BMI at menarche (r = 0.77, Figure 2).
		accurate was the respondent’s recall of age at menarche.
	www.obesityresearch.org /cgi/content/full/9/8/478 (4195 words)

	Ovarian function after bone marrow transplantation performed before menarche -- Matsumoto et al. 80 (5): 452 -- ...
		Twelve patients achieved menarche at a median age of 12.8 years.
		The high incidence of menarche suggests a favourable outcome of ovarian function in girls who undergo BMT at a young
		Menarche occurred in nine of 14 and three of four girls with malignant and non-malignant disease, respectively.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/80/5/452 (1775 words)

	Menstruation: Age at menarche varies with in utero exposure to tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol, July 15, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Age at menarche varies with in utero exposure to tobacco, coffee, tea, alcohol
		Mothers' alcohol consumption while pregnant didn't appear to affect daughters' mean age at menarche.
		Windham and coauthors published their study in the American Journal of Epidemiology (Age at menarche in relation to maternal use of tobacco, alcohol, coffee, and tea during pregnancy.
	www.obgyn.net /newsheadlines/womens_health-Menstruation-20040715-92.asp (390 words)

	Breast-Cancer Risk Linked to Exposure to Traffic Emissions at Menarche, First Birth
		Researchers in the WEB study conducted in-depth personal interviews with study participants to collect data on potential breast-cancer risk factors and a history of where they had lived at different times in their lives.
		Researchers were interested particularly in information related to four time periods: menarche (first menstrual period), first birth, 20 years prior to the interview and 10 years prior.
		While the researchers found increased risk for exposure at menarche and first birth for premenopausal and postmenopausal participants, respectively, who were lifetime nonsmokers, there was no association of traffic emissions with breast cancer for the other time periods.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=23611&nfid=rssfeeds (717 words)

	Pediatrics: Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Relative weight and race influence average age at menarche: results from two nationally representative surveys of us girls studied 25 years apart.
		Relative weight, race, and menarcheal status of girls in the National Health Examination Survey cycles II and III (1963-1970) were compared with results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994).
		Probit analysis was used to determine the average age at menarche during the 2 survey...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:100171635&refid=holomed_1 (225 words)

	Menarche in America, by Shirley Landis at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health
		Menarche in America, by Shirley Landis at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health
		I began to string together, like pearls, incidents during my pregnancies and birth control days when I had the same feelings of speaking into a vacuum, of not being heard, of not being seen.
		I believe that our cultural attitudes toward menarche and menstruation are responsible in part for our high teenage pregnancy rates.
	www.mum.org /MenarinAm.htm (977 words)

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