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Topic: Mende language

	Mende syllabary, pronunciationa and language
		The Mende syllabary was invented in 1921 by Kisimi Kamara (ca.
		As a result, usage of Kisimi's syllabary gradually diminished and it was eventually forgotten.
		Mende is a Niger-Congo language spoken by about 1.26 million people in Liberia and Sierra Leone.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/mende.htm (254 words)

	Professor Gibbs's testimony - Jan. 8, 1840
		From the language and manners of the negroes I have formed a decided opinion that they are native Africans and recently from Africa.
		My knowledge of the Mende language I have acquired from James Covey in first instance, in the same manner as I derived my knowledge of the English language from my parents.
		I made out a vocabulary of the Mende language from James Covey, and I am now able by means of it to converse with twenty or thirty of the Africans.
	amistad.mysticseaport.org /library/court/district/1840.1.8.gibbstest.html (270 words)

	The Gullah Language
		In the case of Gullah, the vocabulary is largely from the English "target language," the speech of the socially and economically dominant group; but the African "substrate languages" have altered the pronunciation of almost all the English words, influenced the grammar and sentence structure, and provided a sizable minority of the vocabulary.
		This hybrid language served as a means of communication between British slave traders and local African traders, but it also served as a lingua franca, or common language, among Africans of different tribes.
		Mende, which accounts for most of the African passages collected by Turner, is spoken almost entirely in Sierra Leone, while Vai and the specific dialect of Fula are found on the borders with Liberia and Guinea.
	www.yale.edu /glc/gullah/06.htm (1509 words)

	Mende People
		Most Mende art is associated with initiation and healing and includes wooden masks, twin figures, and medicine objects.
		The Mende language is closely related to the Mande language group, indicating that the Mende migrated from the Sudan to the north.
		The oral traditions of the Mende tell of a peaceful migration into the area that may have spanned the period from 200 to 1500 A.D. Cultural and physical differences among the Mende suggest that immigrants may have originated from more than one source.
	www.uiowa.edu /%7eafricart/toc/people/Mende.html (418 words)

	Mende Translation Service - English to Mende Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		You probably don't speak Mende yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		Bandi, mainly in Liberia, is considered to be a separate language.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/mende_translation.shtml (459 words)

	Inko, Audiovisual Productions
		The old woman said it was a funeral song used long ago to bury people in their village, including all of Baindu's ancestors, and she urged her granddaughter to learn it, and pass it on to the younger women.
		We know she was a Mende from the language of the song, and we can say, from some dialect clues, that she came from a place not far from Baindu's village.
		So, if this Mende woman, kidnapped in the 1790s, and taken thousands of miles from her home, did think as the old man in Baindu's village believed -- that her people's funeral song would connect her and her descendants forever with their lost family in Africa -- she has been proven entirely correct.
	www.terra.es /personal/inkoak/entlyci.htm (2160 words)

	Mende language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mende language (Mɛnde yia) is a major language of Sierra Leone, with some speakers in neighboring Liberia.
		It is spoken both by the Mende people and by other ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca in southern Sierra Leone.
		Mende belongs to the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo language family.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mende_language (152 words)

	Village Names - Sierra Leone Web
		The word stone in the local Temne language is "Sar," and thus befits the area where the iron ore was found.
		Notwithstanding the dominance of the Temne language among the village inhabitants, the Soso cultural influence remains manifest.
		The present name is derived from the Mende word "woloo" which means "to listen," and "ma" meaning "to." During the days when people were still fighting one another for territorial gain, Woloma was used as a site (because of its high hills) where people could go and listen for advancing enemies of war.
	www.sierra-leone.org /villagenames.html (4723 words)

	Mande Language Family
		The purpose of this presentation is to give a detailed set of maps showing the location of the home territory where each variety is spoken and the linguistic relationship of one to the other, according to the present state of our knowledge.
		In deciding which speech forms constitute separate languages, the emphasis is more sociolinguistic in nature than purely linguistic, though of course in most cases the two converge.
		The starting point for language locations is based on the Global Ministry Mapping System 1997, but extensive revisions have been made to that in the process of preparing this work.
	www.sil.org /silesr/2000/2000-003/silesr2000-003.htm (1292 words)

	[BIRG] Fw: Gullah-Mende
		Amelia's song had been handed down in > her family for so many generations she did not even realize > it was language, mistaking its strange cadence --starting with > a-wa-ka-mu-mona -- as nonsense syllables, like the doe-ray-me of Western > music.
		It was hard > to believe that a song in their own Mende language was coming from a little > village in coastal Georgia.
		The > old woman said it was a funeral song used long ago to bury people in their > village, including all of Baindu's ancestors, and she urged her > granddaughter to learn it, and pass it on to the younger women.
	oak.conncoll.edu /pipermail/birg/2004-July/000170.html (1560 words)

	Mende Song
		Although Amelia did not know which language the song was in, a Sierra Leonean graduate student in the United States recognized it as Mende, his native tongue.
		Amelia’s song is almost certainly the longest text in an African language known to have been preserved by a fl family in the United States.
		The Mende are the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, numbering in the millions, but fortunately Koroma recognized a dialect word in the song, pointing to a specific area.
	www.unt.edu /news/song.htm (1064 words)

	SEI: Unicode Scripts Research
		It is still used as a liturgical language by Christian communities in Syria, Lebanon and Iraq, and is still spoken by small numbers of people in Azerbaijan, Iraq, Turkey, Israel, Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Lebanon and Syria.
		Mende is used for correspondence and record keeping, especially accounting.
		Use of the Naxi language and script was discouraged after the Communist victory in 1949, and they were actively suppressed during the Cultural Revolution in the 60s when thousands of manuscripts were destroyed.
	www.linguistics.berkeley.edu /sei/USR.html (7458 words)

	Web Page - Cinque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Cinque and most of the other Mende men were present in Hartford when the circuit court convened and a grand jury considered the criminal indictment.
		His description of the time spent at sea and in Havana helped to establish the fact that the Mende had recently arrived in Cuba and thus were not legally held as slaves there.
		In the numerous public appearances of the freed Mende, Cinque’s speeches, even though in the Mende language, proved to be the dramatic climax.
	air.fjc.gov /history/amistad.nsf/page/cinque (597 words)

	Hindi Translation Service - English to Hindi Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Some estimates, put the total number of native speakers at about 500 million and the total number of people who understand the language may be as high as 800 million.
		Hindi is the national language of India and is spoken by almost half a billion people in India and throughout the world and is the worldâs second most spoken language.
		Languages and dialects in the Western Hindi group are Hindustani, Haryanvi, Braj Bhasha, Kanauji, Bundeli; see separate entries.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/hindi_translation.shtml (519 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / MendeBandiLoko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although Mende is in the Mande branch of Niger-Congo the name is a separate term from Mande (see also Manding).
		Mende, Bandi, and Loko are spoken in Sierra Leone/Liberia, northeastern Liberia, and north-central Sierra Leone, respectively.
		Bandi [Lexical similarity 96% among the 6 dialects, 83% with the closest Mende dialect.
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/MendeBandiLoko (297 words)

	The Five Minute Linguist
		Or dialogue in the film, Amistad, in which characters portraying African slaves speak Mende, a language of present-day Sierra Leone.
		African languages are in flux, especially in cities, where diverse peoples come together.
		And this is the Five-Minute Linguist at the College of Charleston, in cooperation with the National Museum of Language.
	www.cofc.edu /linguist/archives/2005/09/whats_the_langu.html (612 words)

	Latin Translation Service - English to Latin Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Latin is unlike most of the languages we translate, in that it’s an extinct language.
		This award is not handed out lightly and the whole team at Applied Language had to put a lot of hard work into achieving the strict working standards required by the examining board.
		The Romance languages are directly descended from Latin, and many words adapted from Latin are found in other modern languages.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/latin_translation.shtml (421 words)

	Mende - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		a commune of France, Mende in the Lozère département.
		a village in Pest county Hungary: Mende, Hungary
		Mende (Greece) was a city of Ancient Greece, located on the Chalcidice peninsula in Macedonia and founded in 8th century BC by Greek settlers from Chalcis and Eretria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mende (118 words)

	Some 2000 Language Reference Resources
		Beaton, A. A Grammar of the Fur Language.
		In H. McKaughan (Ed.), The Languages of the Eastern Family of the East New Guinea Highland Stock, Volume 1 of Anthropological Studies in the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea, pp.
		Blust, R. Sketches of the morphology and phonology of bornean languages 1: Uma juman (kayan).
	www.cs.chalmers.se /~harald2/n.htm (6831 words)

	Key to stolen .pdf reference grammars list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1935 A Grammar of the Mende Language Language 11(3):7-111.[
		1873 On the Language of the Natchez PAPS 13(90):483-499.
		1940 A Grammar of the Language of Lotora, Maewo, New Hebrides, Melanesia BSOAS 10(3):679-698.
	www.cs.chalmers.se /~harald2/grammars/grammars.html (7120 words)

	Hebrew translation you can trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hebrew is one of the world's oldest languages, spoken and written today in much the same way as it was more than two thousand years ago.
		After ceasing to exist as a spoken language about 250 B.C., it was reborn as a modern language in the 19th century, and today it is the principal language of the State of Israel.
		Hebrew gradually came into use among the Jewish settlers in Palestine and became the official language of the State of Israel when that nation was created in 1948.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/hebrew_translation.shtml (436 words)

	The Amistad Incident - from CDAccess.com
		It provides interesting experiences in history, language, geography, law, government - and life during the turbulent 1800's.
		The Mende World Visit the world of Sengbe Pieh (Joseph Cinqué) and some of the other Africans who ultimately became part of the Amistad odyssey.
		Included are challenges to perform, tasks similar to those which confronted the historical figures, an opportunity to speak Mende and interesting history-based games.
	www.cdaccess.com /html/pc/amistad.htm (414 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - A History Of The African-Olmecs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They used the Mende script to write and they spoke the Mende language, the same language spokenby Cinque in the move Amistad.
		The Mende script found on monuments at Monte Alban in Mexico, has been deciphered and it was found to be identical to the Mende script used in West Africa.
		Afterwards, the language was found to be the very same language spoken by the Mende of West Africa.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/04022002.htm (1855 words)

	Learn Mende, Mende Windows, Mende Office, Mende Software, Mende Dictionary, Mende Translation, Mende Keyboards, Mende ...
		The Languages of the World has long been the essential handbook for al language students and linguists.
		Mende is the most important native language of Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa.
		Mende is a member of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family of languages.
	www.worldlanguage.com /Languages/Mende.htm (272 words)

	California Newsreel - THE LANGUAGE YOU CRY IN
		The Language You Cry In tells an amazing scholarly detective story reaching across hundreds of years and thousands of miles from 18th century Sierra Leone to the Gullah people of present-day Georgia.
		Although the Mende are the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, Koroma recognized one word as unique to a dialect spoken only in southern Sierra Leone.
		When Opala asked Nabi Jah why a Mende woman exiled two hundred years ago would have preserved this particular song, he replied that the answer was obvious.
	www.newsreel.org /nav/title.asp?tc=CN0053 (1191 words)

	Translation Services Company - Language Translation Agency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		At Applied Language Solutions we are committed to protecting your data and privacy.
		So, we have published this data protection guide to ensure that you are fully aware of how and why we collect information from you, to whom such information is disclosed and what your rights are.
		You may continue to receive communications on route to you for a short period of time while your suppression is being processed.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /privacy_policy.shtml (481 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		--- The Role of Culture in the Language Classroom (with Lioba Moshi and Antonia Schleicher).
		In Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 4:197-8.
		1971 Mende Tone, in Studies in African Linguistics, 2.2:117-30.
	www.msu.edu /~dwyer/dwyer-cv.html (1278 words)

	Translation Services Company - Translation Quotes Available Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Applied Language fund raising for Barnardoâs in Huddersfield
		Applied Language Solutions started in October 2003 and has grown from one man Gavin Wheeldon to over 60 employees.
		We want you to become part of the team and start your way to a fantastic career and benefits as a Applied Language member of staff.
	www.appliedlanguage.com (453 words)

	RaceandHistory.com - BLACK CIVILIZATIONS OF ANCIENT AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The language connection is of significant importance, since it has been found out through decipherment of the Olmec script, that the ancient Olmecs spoke the Mende language and wrote in the Mend script, which is still used in parts of West Africa and the Sahara to this day.
		These "Magicians," are said to have entered Mexico from West Africa between 800 B.C. to 600 B.C. and were speakers of the Mende language as well as writers of the Mende script or the Bambara script, both which are still used in parts of West Africa and the Sahara.
		In fact, the Mende agricultural culture was well established in West Africa and the Sahara during that period.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/ancientamerica.htm (6998 words)

	mende - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Mende : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		MENDE : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
		Phrases that include mende: arrondissement of mende, mende people, mende tribe
	www.onelook.com /?w=mende (144 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		To search for language resources, select a language, material type, and level from the menus below.
		Each Language Profile includes information about the historical, cultural, and social roots of the language, a map showing where the language is spoken, basic facts about the grammar, writing systems, and history of the language, and a wealth of other sociolinguistic information.
		Each page also includes contains links to the LMP citations for that language and a list of websites of interest to teachers and learners of the language.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /profiles/profa02.htm (132 words)

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