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	Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
		Mendel, the first person to trace the characteristics of successive generations of a living thing, was not a world-renowned scientist of his day.
		Mendel's brilliant performance at school as a youngster encouraged his family to support his pursuit of a higher education, but their resources were limited, so Mendel entered an Augustinian monastery, continuing his education and starting his teaching career.
		From his studies, Mendel derived certain basic laws of heredity: hereditary factors do not combine, but are passed intact; each member of the parental generation transmits only half of its hereditary factors to each offspring (with certain factors "dominant" over others); and different offspring of the same parents receive different sets of hereditary factors.
	www.accessexcellence.org /RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.html (511 words)

	Gregor Mendel
		Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel patiently cultivated and tested at least 28 000 pea plants, carefully analysing seven pairs of seeds for comparison, such as shape of seed, colour of seed, tall stemmed and short stemmed and tall plants and short plants.
		Mendel discovered that by crossing tall and short parent plants he got hybrid offspring that resembled the tall parent rather than being a medium height blend.
		Mendel successfully produced a hybrid strain of bees which produced excellent honey, however, they were so vicious they stung everybody around for miles and had to be destroyed.
	www.zephyrus.co.uk /gregormendel.html (916 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
		Before Gregor Mendel formulated his theories of genetics in 1865 the prevailing theory of inheritance was that of blending inheritance, in which the spermatozoan and egg of parent organisms contained a sampling of the parent's "essence" and that they somehow blended together to form the pattern for the offspring.
		Mendel proposed instead a theory of particulate inheritance, in which characteristics were determined by discrete units of inheritance that were passed intact from one generation to the next.
		Mendel based his theory on studies of inheritance patterns in garden peas (Pisum sativum), which were useful because they could be both cross-pollenated between two plants or self-pollenated with just one.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=369 (1600 words)

	Basic Principles of Genetics: Mendel's Genetics
		Mendel picked common garden pea plants for the focus of his research because they can be grown easily in large numbers and their reproduction can be manipulated.
		Mendel realized that this was the key to understanding the basic mechanisms of inheritance.
		One of the reasons that Mendel carried out his breeding experiments with pea plants was that he could observe inheritance patterns in up to two generations a year.
	anthro.palomar.edu /mendel/mendel_1.htm (1157 words)

	Mendel, Gregor Johann. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Mendel was the first to fashion, by means of a controlled pollination technique and careful statistical analysis of his results, a clear, analytic picture of heredity.
		Briefly summarized, as we understand it today by means of the science of genetics, the Mendelian system states that an inherited characteristic is determined by the combination of a pair of hereditary units, or genes, one from each of the parental reproductive cells, or gametes.
		The law of segregation (Mendel’s first law) states that in the process of the formation of the gametes (see meiosis) the pairs separate, one going to each gamete, and that each gene remains completely uninfluenced by the other.
	www.bartleby.com /65/me/Mendel-G.html (510 words)

	Gregor Mendel
		Gregor Mendel who is often called the "Father of Genetics" was born on July 22, 1822 to a relatively poor peasant family.
		Mendel was fortunate to have all the needed materials at the monastery.
		Mendel raised and tested over 28,000 pea plants between the years 1856 and 1863, carefully analyzing seven pairs of seed and plant characteristics.
	library.thinkquest.org /20465/mendl.html (290 words)

	Intro to Genetics
		Mendel's contribution was unique because of his methodical approach to a definite problem, use of clear-cut variables and application of mathematics (statistics) to the problem.
		Mendel reasoned that factors must segregate from each other during gamete formation (remember, meiosis was not yet known!) to retain the number of traits at 2.
		Mendel analyzed each trait for separate inheritance as if the other trait were not present.The 3:1 ratio was seen separately and was in accordance with the Principle of Segregation.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html (2465 words)

	Gregor Mendel - MSN Encarta
		Mendel was born on July 22, 1822, to a peasant family in Heinzendorf (now Hynčice, Czech Republic).
		As a result of years of research in population genetics, investigators were able to demonstrate that Darwinian evolution can be described in terms of the change in gene frequency of Mendelian pairs of characteristics in a population over successive generations.
		Mendel's later experiments with the hawkweed Hieracium proved inconclusive, and because of the pressure of other duties he ceased his experiments on heredity by the 1870s.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761562358 (398 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mendel, he wrote, "may have known of other factors in peas in addition to those with which his experiments are concerned, which, however, could not have been introduced without bringing in an undesirable complication" [3, p.
		Given Mendel's vast data, his personality, and his conviction about the importance of his work, a decision to condemn his records to the flames is not incompatible with the possibility that he was aware of some irregularities in the records.
		Mendel was also highly accurate in noting and summarizing his data from meteorological observations and from the measuring of the water level in the monastery well.
	www.nih.gov /about/director/ebiomed/mendel.htm (5517 words)

	Gregor Mendel Summary
		Mendel was not the first person to study heredity, but he was the first to carefully study the inheritance of traits with planned experiments, carefully recorded data, and statistical analysis of results.
		Gregor Mendel was born Johann Mendel in Heinzendorf, Moravia, in 1822.
		Mendel was born on July 20, 1822, in a German-speaking family of Heinzendorf in Silesia, part of the Austrian Empire (now Hynčice in the Czech Republic) and was baptized 2 days later.
	www.bookrags.com /Gregor_Mendel (11319 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mendel, Mendelism
		Mendel, however, in addition to the multiplicity of his duties as abbot, became involved in a lengthy controversy with the Government which absorbed his attention and embittered the last years of his life.
		The Government had imposed special taxes on religious houses, and these Mendel refused to pay, alleging that, as all citizens were, or should be, equal in the eye of the law, it was unjust to ask one kind of institution to pay a tax from which another kind was free.
		Mendel's experiments, on which his fame rests, were commenced while he was still a novice, and carried out in the large gardens attached to his monastery.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10180b.htm (2185 words)

	Rocky Road: Gregor Mendel
		Mendel astutely studied simple either/or characteristics such as purple or white flowers, and discovered that they are passed to offspring intact, although at different rates (often a 3:1 ratio).
		Mendel's main interest in studying genetics may have been simply to better understand hybridization for Moravian agricultural breeders, rather than develop a general theory of inheritance.
		Mendel's work was cited in a few papers in the late 19th century, but it wasn't until the dawning of the 20th, motivated in part by a priority dispute about publication, that other scientists took note of the 19th-century genius.
	www.strangescience.net /mendel.htm (903 words)

	Gregor Mendel (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gregor Mendel was born in Heinzendorf, Austria on July 22, 1822.
		Mendel's rediscovery of his works brought a close to an era of speculation on heredity.
		Therefore Mendel opened a new pathway of study on heredity to reveal a new mechanism operating in the sense of evolution.
	oz.plymouth.edu /~biology/history/mendel.html (144 words)

	Mendel Biotechnology \| Press Releases
		Mendel Biotechnology, Inc. is a pioneer in the application of functional genomics to the study of plant genes.
		Mendel Biotechnology, Inc. is a pioneer in the application of functional genomics to the study of plant regulatory genes.
		Mendel's president and CEO is Michael Fromm, a former research director at Monsanto, and its chairman of the board is Christopher Sommerville, director of the Department of Plant Biology at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
	www.mendelbio.com /news (8804 words)

	Gregor Mendel: The Pea Plant Experiment
		Mendel published his findings in 1866, but his discoveries were ignored till 1900 when a number of researchers independently rediscovered Mendel's work and grasped its significance.
		Mendel learned from this that there are two kinds of traits - dominant and recessive.
		Mendel repeated his experiment many times and the f2 generation consistently had a 3:1 ratio of yellow to green and round to wrinkly.
	www.juliantrubin.com /bigten/mendelexperiments.html (672 words)

	Gregor Mendel
		After his ordination, Mendel was assigned to pastoral duties, but it soon became apparent that he was more suited to teaching.
		By tracing these characteristics, Mendel discovered three basic laws which governed the passage of a trait from one member of a species to another member of the same species.
		Mendel's work and theories, later became the basis for the study of modern genetics, and are still recognized and used today.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/information/biography/klmno/mendel_gregor.html (435 words)

	Mendel
		Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was trained as a physicist and brought a quantitative approach to the study of inheritance.
		Mendel noted that this was a 3.15 to 1 ratio of purple to white
		Mendel reasoned that if 3/4 of the F2 had round peas and if 3/4 had yellow peas then if the traits were determined independently 3/4 x 3/4 = 9/16 (.5625) of the progeny should have both round and yellow peas.
	www.csuchico.edu /~jbell/Biol207/mendel.html (1458 words)

	Mendelian Genetics
		Genetic analysis predates Gregor Mendel, but Mendel's laws form the theoretical basis of our understanding of the genetics of inheritance.
		Mendel coined two terms to describe the relationship of the two phenotypes based on the F
		Mendel performed one other cross to confirm the hypothesis of segregation --- the backcross.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/mcclean/plsc431/mendel/mendel1.htm (851 words)

	Gregor Johann Mendel - Founder of Genetics
		Johann Mendel was born July 22, 1822, to Anton and Rosine Mendel who worked a farm and orchard in Heizendorf (now Hyncice), in Silesia (now the Czech Republic).
		Mendel was a shy man, but well liked by his fellow monks and students.
		There is a theory that Mendel hoped to refute the ideas of Charles Darwin and prove that characteristics from one generation to the next are predictable and the changes seen are not due to evolution.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/biographies_scientists/103599 (476 words)

	The Exhibition On-Line
		Mendel's own systematic experiments on pea plants were started in 1856 in the Abbey's greenhouse.
		The concepts he established in 1865 came to be known universally as Mendel's laws of heredity, and the man himself came to be regarded as the "father of genetics".
		As a key event in the public exposure of Mendel's great achievement, this exhibition is the first step in a larger programme to re-establish his home abbey as a centre for genetics.
	www.mendel-museum.org /eng/1online (620 words)

	Mendel Art Gallery - History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mendel Art Gallery’s founder, Frederick (Fred) Salomon Mendel, was a successful businessman and art collector who established Intercontinental Packers Limited in Saskatoon in 1940 after encroaching Nazi threats forced him and his family to flee Europe and start a new life in Canada.
		Fred Mendel made a generous financial donation to the City of Saskatoon, which was matched by the Province of Saskatchewan, and a beautiful location along the South Saskatchewan River was selected as the site for the future art museum.
		Today, the Mendel Art Gallery is an important community and heritage landmark, an invaluable educational resource, one of the most popular and culturally significant tourist destinations in Saskatoon and Saskatchewan, and is among the foremost art galleries in the country.
	www.mendel.ca /about/history/index.html (474 words)

	Villanova University - Gregor Mendel
		Mendel demonstrated that the appearance of different characters in heredity followed specific laws which could be determined by counting the diverse kinds of offspring produced from particular sets of crosses.
		Mendel was not able to replicate his findings as the hawkweed reproduces asexually from diploid tissue in the ovary (apomixis), producing clones of the parent.
		Mendel, alone among the monastery superiors, vigorously contested the tax and refused to recognize the validity of the law.
	astro4.ast.vill.edu /mendel/gregor.htm (1099 words)

	Mendel
		Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) was an Austrian monk who discovered the basic rules of inheritance.
		Mendel crossed a pure-breeding round-seeded variety with a pure-breeding wrinkled-seeded one.
		The parents (designated the P generation) were pure-breeding because each was homozygous for the alleles at the gene locus (on chromosome 7) controlling seed texture (RR for round; rr for wrinkled).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mendel.html (975 words)

	Amazon.com: Mendel's Daughter: A Memoir: Books: Martin Lemelman (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MENDEL'S DAUGHTER details the harrowing story of Martin Lemelman's mother and her family during the Holocaust.
		The four siblings survived in the woods through two winters, digging themselves a series of underground shelters, burying the potatoes and sugarbeets they'd steal from fields in the middle of the night, and getting some help from a few people who were sympathetic to their plight.
		The drawings, the photographs, and the text of "Mendel's Daughter" all combine to create a timeless memorial to a family, a people, and a period in our history that must never be forgotten or dismissed.
	www.amazon.com /Mendels-Daughter-Memoir-Martin-Lemelman/dp/074329162X (1823 words)

	"Pea Soup" - Biography
		In 1843, at the age of 21, Mendel became a friar at the Augustinian monastery in Brno, Czechoslovakia, a center of learning whose members studied theology, philosophy and natural sciences.
		From 1868 until his death, Mendel was the abbot of the monastery.
		Around this time, Mendel was experimenting with flowers in the monastery's gardens, trying to develop new color variations.
	www.sonic.net /~nbs/projects/anthro201/bio (252 words)

	Science NetLinks: A Mendel Seminar
		To learn about Gregor Mendel's discovery of a process of biological evolution: how recessive and dominant traits are passed from one generation of living organisms to the next.
		We have also built the lesson around the first half of Mendel's paper, because of the length of the paper, and because enough pertinent information is discussed in the first half.
		Using the A Mendel Seminar student E-Sheet, tell students to go to Experiments in Plant Hybridization (1865), by Gregor Mendel and read the first section, Introductory Remarks, of the Mendel paper.
	www.sciencenetlinks.com /Lessons.cfm?DocID=42 (1585 words)

	MendelWeb Table of Contents 97.1
		"Mendel, Mendelism and Genetics", by Robert C. Olby, Professor in the Department of the History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh.
		"In the Footsteps of Mendel", by Margaret Peaslee, Professor of Biology and Vice President of Academic Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh at Titusville.
		Recent Journal Articles about Mendel and His Work This is a selection of articles published between 1965 and today.
	www.mendelweb.org /MWtoc.html (523 words)

	Mendel in the Kitchen:
		While European restaurants race to footnote menus, reassuring concerned gourmands that no genetically modified ingredients were used in the preparation of their food, starving populations around the world eagerly await the next harvest of scientifically improved crops.
		The practice officially dates back to Gregor Mendel who was not a renowned scientist, but a 19th century Augustinian monk.
		Mendel spent many hours toiling in his garden, testing and cultivating more than 28,000 pea plants, selectively determining very specific characteristics of the peas that were produced, ultimately giving birth to the idea of heredity and the now very common practice of artificially modifying our food.
	books.nap.edu /catalog/11000.html (1648 words)

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