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	Mengrai - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Mengrai (or Mangrai) (1239-1317) was the founder of the Thai kingdom Lannathai.
		Mengrai was born in Chiang Saen as son of the local ruler Lao Meng and Princess Ua Ming Chommuong, from the ruling family of the Thai Lue of Chiang Rung, Yunnan.
		In 1287 Mengrai made a peace pact with King Ramkhamhaeng the Great of Sukhothai and Ngam Muang, ruler of the smaller principality of Phayao.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mengrai (189 words)

	E-Citylife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mengrai’s father is forenamed ‘Lao’, and Mengrai is often recorded as being of Lawa descent.
		Mengrai returned from Burma early in the year, and it seems likely that the Mongol capture was as the dry (campaigning) season ended, i.e.
		Mengrai was then definitely too old for battlefield leadership and, I suspect, Prince Khram (now Cheyyasongkhram) or other generals took the saddle in place of the Great King.
	www.chiangmainews.com /ecmn/april03/5051.php (1687 words)

	History of Chiang Mai and Lanna Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		King Mengrai was the son of Phra Chao Lao Meng, descendent of Phra Chao Lawa Chakarach who was founder of the Yonok Kingdom.
		After consolidating the Lanna Thai Kingdom, King Mengrai successfully defeated the city of Haripunchai the year 1281 A.D. and appointed "Ai Fa", one of his close officials, to rule over the city.
		From the year 1296 A.D., it served as the center of the Lanna Thai Kingdom and was ruled by the kings of the Mengrai Dynasty until it was finally invaded and taken as a vassal state by the Burmese.
	atthaitours.com /History_of_Chiang_Mai.html (614 words)

	Lanna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The kingdom was founded in 1259 by King Mengrai the Great, when he succeeded his father as the leader of the Chiang Saen kingdom.
		This political instability invited an invasion from the neighboring Burmese kingdom, and in 1558 Lanna had to surrender and became a vassal of Burma.
		When the dynasty of Mengrai became extinct in 1578, the Burmese sent their own princes to serve as rulers of Lanna.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lannathai (528 words)

	The North of Thailand - Wat Chiang Man The First Royal Temple of Chiang Mai :: ThailandGateway.Com
		Phya Mengrai developed his Wiang Lek residence in to the royal temple and built in 1306 and consists of four significant as t he first royal temple in the city.
		The location is in the compound of Phya Mengrai's Wiang Lek, relocated from Wiang Kumkam, which was affected by flooding before it was finally developed as Wat Chiang Man. Although Chiang Mai won over Hariphunchai in terms of political and military strength, it nevertheless failed in terms of culture and art.
		Phya Mengrai's move to change his palace into a te mple should be viewed as shrewd judgement by him to create social faith and underline his supreme power as king of Chiang Mai.
	www.thailandgateway.com /about_thailand/chiang.html (768 words)

	simply-thai.com-King Mengrai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		King Mengrai was born to the ruler of Ngoen Yang (in the region of
		Mengrai gained further strength from his association with King Ngam Muang of Phayao, who had been tutored as a child with King Ramkamhaeng of Sukhothai.
		This helped Mengrai forge an alliance with the latter in 1287, securing his southern flank from attack and giving him a free hand to counter threats from the Mongol Chinese empire to the north.
	simply-thai.com /Thailand_History_the_Lanna_kingdom_Chao_Mengrai.htm (372 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the mid-13th century, King Mengrai marched south to create an empire in the Kok River Valley, establishing first the city of Chiang Rai, in 1296.
		But, as they were unsuitable, he moved further north to establish Chiangmai (New City) in 1296.
		Because the Ping River frequently overflowed its banks, Mengrai built the royal city of Chiangmai on high ground to the west, surrounding it with a brick and earth wall 1 mile on each side and surrounded by a defensive moat.
	thailand-chiang-mai.triprating.com /chiang-mai-info-01.html (193 words)

	CHIANG RAI GUIDE By Joel John Barlow - History of Lanna - Forging a Successful Buffer State
		In 1263, young King Mengrai came from Hiram Ngoen Yang (Chiang Saen), the capital of Yonok, to found Chiang Rai at Doi Jomtong, by the village of Pantu Nakorn, on the banks of the Kok River.
		Mengrai's mother was a daughter of the Tai Leu ruler of Chiang Rung (Jinghong, just north of the present border of Burma and Laos); an alliance between Yonok and Chiang Rung can be assumed.
		Mengrai mediated peace between Ramkhamhaeng and Ngam Muang, and by maintaining that peace, while instituting Theravada Buddhism as the state religion, consolidated political power in central and north Thailand (around 1287).
	www.chiangraiprovince.com /guide/eng/40_03.htm (963 words)

	Chiang Rai Info
		The city of Chiang Rai was founded in 1262 by King Mengrai, who later moved the capital of his Lanna Kingdom from Chiang Saen to Chiang Rai.
		The home to the ashes and the relics of King Mengrai, the stupa is situated in Wat Ngam Muang, which is perched on top of a small hill overlooking the town and countryside.
		It was established in 1328 by King Saen Phu, the grandson of King Mengrai.
	www.traveller2000.com /province/chiangrai (1522 words)

	TravelVoice Journal - Chiangmai - Northern Thailand
		At the time of Mengrai's successful conquest of Haripoonshal he was battling two peoples in the area, the Mons and the Lawa tribes who had traditionally inhabited the North long before the Mons or the Khorm arrived.
		Mengrai's conquest of Harlpoonshai was not an incidental event in the history of the North, nor was it accidental.
		Mengrai's dream City eventually attracted the power of Burma which occupied Chiangmai for nearly 300 years; and ultimately Chiangmai and Lanna were incorporated into Thailand at the end of the 19th century.
	www.travelvoice.com /story.cfm?id=12 (3842 words)

	Mengrai (1259-1317) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mengrai verbrachte in seiner Jugend eine Zeit seiner Ausbildung in Lopburi, wo er dem jungen Rama und späteren Ramkamhaeng, König von Sukhothai und Ngam Muang, dem späteren Herrscher von Phayao begegnete.
		Mit der Unterstützung Ngam Muangs von Phayao eroberte Mengrai in den nächsten Jahren diese kleinen Reiche und vereinigte sie unter seiner Herrschaft.
		Mengrai hinterliess nach 58 Jahren erfolgreicher Herrschaft seinen Nachfolgern ein geeintes Nordthailand.
	www.siam-infocenter.de /siam/lan_na/mengrai_00.htm (392 words)

	Chiang Mai
		However, one must be aware that Mengrai was of course designated in Thai and with a Thai title, and ranks of nobility in Western and Thai history are not equivalent to each other.
		Certainly, Mengrai was an independent and absolute ruler, but his realm just had the size of what would be considered as a principality in European history.
		The development was aided by Mengrai’s close alliance to the ruler of Sukhothai, King Ramkhamhaeng who conquered a territory larger then present day Thailand but did not touch the considerably smaller neighbor in the north.
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /asia/thailand/about_destin/chiangmai.html (2416 words)

	History of Chiang Mai and Northern Thailand
		Mengrai first established and fortified the city of Chiang Rai, in which he kept his palace until he died.
		From Chiang Mai, Mengrai moved south in 1281 A.D. to take the the city of Lamphun from the Mons by using Lawa hill tribe allies to spread dissent in the city, thus ensuring little resistance when Mengrai’s army appeared.
		In 1287 A.D. King Mengrai of Lan-Na, King Ramakhamphaeng of Sukhothai, and King Ngam-Muong of Phayao made an allegiance which led to the expulsion of all other claimants to control Northern Thailand, and laid the groundwork for the first Thai kingdom of Siam.
	www.track-of-the-tiger.com /html/history.html (1983 words)

	CHIANG RAI GUIDE By Joel John Barlow - History of Lanna
		Unlike Mengrai, Ramkamhaeng was at least nominally a vassal of others, both of the Mongol empire, under Kublai Khan, and also of the Ankor Khom, his antecedents.
		Certainly, Mengrai could not have maintained his position as king without removal of his court and people to a less vulnerable position.
		Mengrai did all he could to establish good relations, at least peaceable when not actively supportive, with most of his newly closer neighbors, more than a few of whom must have been noticed a need for more protection than they were able to provide for themselves.
	www.chiangraiprovince.com /guide/eng/40.htm (1187 words)

	Bangkok Post Jul 19, 2001 - Walking through history Ron Emmons takes a stroll with his camera through Chiang Mai's old ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		King Mengrai, who founded the city in 1296, is in the centre of the monument and is flanked by his allies, King Ramkhamhaeng and King Ngam Muang.
		The alliance that Mengrai forged with these leaders of neighbouring kingdoms allowed his own Kingdom of Lanna to flourish in its early years.
		Mengrai's name for the city, Chiang Mai, means New City, which seems ironic these days, as its principal attractions are precisely those features like the protective walls and moat that give it an aura of great age.
	www.bangkokpost.com /horizons/190701_Horizons01.html (1809 words)

	Chiang Mai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		King Mengrai built the city of Chiang Mai in 1296.
		On the same leg of your tour, drive on to Phu Ping Palace, the winter palace of the royal family the gardens of the palace are open to the public during weekends and holidays.
		Wat Chiang Man. One of the finest examples of northern Thai architecture, it was built by King Mengrai in 1296.
	se-ed.net /ed15/chiagmai.htm (930 words)

	About ChiangMai
		Because of its prime location and fertile land, the valley that extends from the base of Suthep Mountain to the Ping River was settled in early times by several different ethnic groups, including the hilltribe group know as the Lua tribe.
		Later, King Mengrai unified the different towns and villages into what came to be known as the Lanna Kingdom.
		King Mengrai went on to expand his kingdom to both sides of the Ping River and beyond, naming it "Nop Buri Sri Nakorn Ping Chiang Mai".
	www.queen-bee.com /aboutchiangmai.html (1108 words)

	Northern Thailand : In Depth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Mengrai, whose brilliant rule was characterized by strategic alliances, saw a threat in the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan's incursions into Myanmar (Burma) and quickly forged ties with the powerful Kingdom of Sukhothai in the south.
		The Lanna Thai king moved swiftly to consolidate his position when he vanquished the vestiges of the Mon Empire in Lamphun (Nakorn Hariphunchai), and in 1296 moved his new capital south to what is now Chiang Mai.
		There is a monument to King Mengrai, across from Chiang Mai's Wat Phan Tao, where he is said to have been struck by lightning and killed in 1317.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/print-narrative.cfm?destID=3026&catID=3026010012 (328 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Coming south, King Mengrai built a small fortress called 'Wiang Goom Garm' (now in what is known as Saraphee district, with many ruins still in existence).
		Three years later, King Mengrai moved out of there due to flooding from the River Ping and built a new fortified settlement which he called 'Wiang Lek' (The Iron City).
		Originally planned to be much bigger, the moat dimensions were finally agreed upon at 800 meters wide by 1,000 meters long (approximately one mile by one and a quarter miles) with the work starting at the north-east corner (Jaeng Sriphum or Sriphum corner) The building work was completed in 1296 AD.
	www.holidaytimes-online.com /history.htm (344 words)

	Thailand,Chiang mai free travel hotel guides,cheap Chiang mai guesthouse,information and accomodations in ...
		Founded by King Mengrai the Great as the capital of the Lanna Thai kingdom by merging the various city-states in the region in 1296.
		King Mengrai allegedly lived here while the new city of Chiang Mai was constructed.
		King Mengrai established a town in the northeast of Chiang Mai for 5 years and then resettled a town near the Mae Ping River in 1277 and renamed it “Wiang Kum Kam”.
	chiangmaiclassifieds.com /articles/chiangmai_information.php (2204 words)

	Sightseeing > Monuments >The Mengrai Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the heart of the city of Chiang Mai stands this small memorial of King Mengrai the Great.
		During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries Thai people began to move into the area from the north.
		The first real historical character we know anything about was King Mengrai the Great.
	www.chiangmainews.com /sight/mengrai.php (203 words)

	Mengrai -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		King Mengrai (or Mangrai) (1239-1317) was the founder of the Thai kingdom (Click link for more info and facts about Lannathai) Lannathai.
		In 1281 (or 1292) he defeated the (The Mon-Khmer language spoken by the Mon people) Mon kingdom of (Click link for more info and facts about Haripunchai) Haripunchai, adding (Click link for more info and facts about Lamphun) Lamphun to his kingdom.
		In 1296 Mengrai moved his capital south by founding (Click link for more info and facts about Chiang Mai) Chiang Mai (new city).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/me/mengrai.htm (217 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Chiang Mai
		The city is nevertheless growing rapidly, and its actual population probably exceeds the official estimate.
		King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai (meaning "new city") in 1296 and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lannathai kingdom.
		King Mengrai used this city for ten years before the founding of Chiang Mai.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Chiang_Mai (1437 words)

	Thai Architecture: Chiang Mai, Thailand
		In 1292 the region went into upheaval when Mengrai, whose ancestors had ruled at Chiang Saen (near Chiang Mai) conquered the Mon city of Hariphunchai (Lamphun) and took control of the last major non-Thai kingdom in the north.
		The town was divided into four quarters in accordance with Buddhist and Chinese principles, with the favored quarter being the northeast, where Mengrai's palace stood until the early 20th century.
		Legend says that King Mengrai died in 1311 when he was struck by lightning.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /chiangmai/CHIANGMAIMAP.htm (1103 words)

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