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Topic: Meniscus

	Meniscus Inform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The meniscus is 70 to 90% avascular, and tears in the avascular portion, generally remain idle with limited healing capacity.
		Meniscus Transplants: For the patient who has lost the bulk of their meniscus cartilage, either as a result of a devastating tear or meniscectomy, another alternative is meniscal transplant.
		Meniscus transplant can be thought of as the "ultimate meniscus repair" wherein the donor meniscus is inserted into the prepared knee and stitched in place in the same fashion a torn cartilage would be repaired.
	www.genufix.com /meniscus_inform.htm (2585 words)

	Meniscus (anatomy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In anatomy, a meniscus is either of two parts of the human knee.
		The menisci are also known as 'semi-lunar' cartilages - referring to their half-moon shape - a term which has been largely dropped by the medical profession, but which led to the menisci being called knee 'cartilages' by the lay public.
		In sports and orthopedics, people will sometimes speak of "meniscus surgery" or a "torn meniscus" and be referring to an injury to one of these two pads.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meniscus_(anatomy) (167 words)

	Meniscus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A meniscus (plural: menisci, from the Greek for "crescent") is a curve in the surface of a liquid and is produced in response to the surface of the container or another object.
		A convex meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid repel the molecules of the container or object.
		Conversely, a concave meniscus occurs when the molecules of the liquid attract those of the container.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Meniscus (212 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Meniscus tears
		Meniscus tears describes a tear in the shock-absorbing cartilage (meniscus) of the knee.
		The meniscus is a C-shaped fibrous piece of cartilage which is found in certain joints and forms a buffer between the bones to protect the joint.
		The meniscus also serves as a shock-absorption system, assists in lubricating the joint, and limits the joint flexion and extension.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001071.htm (649 words)

	Patient Guide to Meniscus Injuries - The Orthopedic Center of St. Louis
		The meniscus is a wedge shaped cartilage ring found on both the inside and outside of the knee between the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone).
		The meniscus is usually injured by twisting on a planted foot or squatting down and forcefully bending the knee.
		Depending on the type of tear, the piece of meniscus that is torn may be removed from the knee (partial meniscectomy) or repaired (meniscus repair).
	www.toc-stl.com /info/meniscus.htm (1864 words)

	The Sports Medicine Institute of Indiana
		The ability of the meniscus to spread out the force on the joint surfaces as one walks is important because it protects the articular cartilage from excessive wearing.
		The meniscus can also have a flap torn from the inner rim, or the tear can be a degenerative tear where a portion of the meniscus is frayed and torn in multiple directions.
		Degenerative tears of the meniscus are commonly seen as a part of the overall condition of osteoarthritis of the knee in the older population.
	www.sportsmedofindiana.com /meniscus.html (1097 words)

	Injuries to the Meniscus
		A partial or total tear of a meniscus may occur when a person quickly twists or rotates the upper leg while the foot stays still (for example, when dribbling a basketball around an opponent or turning to hit a tennis ball).
		If the tear is tiny, the meniscus stays connected to the front and back of the knee; if the tear is large, the meniscus may be left hanging by a thread of cartilage.
		If the tear to a meniscus is more extensive, the doctor may perform either arthroscopic surgery or "open surgery" to see the extent of injury and to repair the tear.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/926052253.html (848 words)

	Meniscus Tear and Torn Knee Cartilage
		Meniscus tear is another common injury that affects the knee joint.
		Another common problem associated with a meniscus tear is 'joint locking.' Joint locking prevents the knee joint from either fully straightening or fully bending and is the result of a piece of the torn cartilage being lodged within the knee joint.
		In this case a meniscectomy is performed to remove the torn portion of the meniscus and reform the remaining portion.
	www.thestretchinghandbook.com /archives/meniscus-tear.htm (1311 words)

	Meniscus Injury -- eCureMe.com
		A meniscus is a type of cartilage inside the joint of the knee, located between the shinbone (tibia) and thigh bone (femur).
		Meniscus also allows the bones to glide safely and move on each other by acting as cushions between the two bones.
		A torn meniscus may lead to the degeneration of the joint, causing pain, stiffness and swelling.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/data/Meniscus_Injury.asp (336 words)

	The Meniscus
		The meniscus is a half moon shaped piece of cartilage that lies between the weight bearing joint surfaces of the femur and the tibia.
		In terms of descriptive terminology orthopaedic surgeons divide the meniscus into thirds with three geographical zones; the front third is referred to as the anterior horn, the back third the posterior horn, and the middle third the body.
		A torn meniscus will usually cause pain on the side of the knee that is localized to the meniscus (at the level of the joint line between the femur and tibia).
	www.orthoassociates.com /meniscus.htm (1709 words)

	Meniscus Tear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A meniscus tear is a common knee joint injury.
		Each knee has two C-shaped menisci (plural of meniscus): a lateral meniscus at the outer side of the knee and a medial meniscus at the inner side of the knee.
		A meniscus tear is usually caused by a twisting or pivoting motion, often with the foot planted and the knee partially flexed (for example, when lifting or playing tennis).
	www.luhs.org /health/kbase/htm/te73/45/te7346.htm (797 words)

	THE KNEE - meniscus
		The medial meniscus is on the inner aspect of the knee and the lateral meniscus on the outer aspect of the knee.
		The meniscus fills in the gap between femur and tibia bone - accomodating the fact that the contact surface of the femur is rounded while that of the tibia is flattened.
		An intact meniscus is vital to the proper functioning of the knee, but this has only been fully appreciated in the last 20 years, prior to which time a damaged meniscus was often simply removed in its entirety - with the patient later developing osteoarthritis as a consequence.
	www.kneeguru.co.uk /html/steps/step_04_meniscus/anatomy.html (309 words)

	The Knee and Shoulder Centers - [PRINTABLE] Meniscus Repair vs. Removal
		Several forms of meniscus damage and deterioration are known to occur, which for general convenience have traditionally been lumped together under the umbrella terms "meniscus tear" or "torn cartilage".
		When a patient hears a surgeon say "You have torn your meniscus", they naturally infer that their meniscus was healthy and functioning properly before it "tore", and that like freshly torn ligaments, their "torn" meniscus can simply be repaired back together again or "fixed", neither of which is the case with degenerated menisci.
		When deciding whether to repair or remove problematic meniscus tissue, each patient's case must be considered individually, taking into account the patient's circumstances and wishes, the degree of pre-existing meniscal degeneration evident, and the overall physical condition of the knee at the time it is first inspected arthroscopically.
	www.kneeandshoulder.md /print/print_meniscus.html (2289 words)

	Meniscus Tear-Topic Overview
		A meniscus tear is a common knee joint injury.
		Each knee has two C-shaped menisci (plural of meniscus): a lateral meniscus at the outer side of the knee and a medial meniscus at the inner side of the knee.
		A meniscus tear is usually caused by a twisting or pivoting motion, often with the foot planted and the knee partially flexed (for example, when lifting or playing tennis).
	www.webmd.com /a-to-z-guides/Meniscus-Tear-Topic-Overview (886 words)

	eMedicine - Meniscus Injuries : Article Excerpt by Bradley S Baker
		The medial meniscus, with excursion of approximately 5 mm, is half as mobile as the lateral meniscus, whose mobility may exceed 10 mm.
		Various zones of the meniscus are described based on the blood supply; the red zone is the well-vascularized periphery, the red-white zone is the middle portion with vascularity peripherally but not centrally, and the white zone is the central avascular portion.
		The wedge-shaped meniscus attached to the tibia serves as a secondary stabilizer.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/byname/meniscus-injuries.htm (1513 words)

	CIGNA - Meniscus Tear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are many factors to consider when deciding how to treat your torn meniscus, including the extent and location of the tear, your pain level, your age and activity level, your health professional's preference, and when the injury occurred.
		Another factor when considering treatment is that repairs to the lateral meniscus (on the outer side of knee) typically heal better than repairs to the medial meniscus (on the inner side of the knee).
		Orthopedists most often perform meniscus surgery with arthroscopy, a procedure used both to examine and then to repair the inside of a joint by inserting a thin tube (arthroscope) containing a camera and a light through small incisions near the joint.
	www.cigna.com /healthinfo/te7345.html (2700 words)

	The Steadman-Hawkins Clinic
		The medial meniscus, located on the inside of the knee, is more of an elongated "C"- shape, as the tibial surface is larger on that side.
		The front portion of the meniscus is referred to as the anterior horn, the back portion is the posterior horn, and the middle section is the body.
		The meniscus acts as a shock absorber for the knee by spreading compression forces from the femur over a wider area on the tibia.
	www.steadman-hawkins.com /meniscus/overview.asp (1005 words)

	Torn Meniscus
		Between the bones of the knees are two crescent-shaped discs of connective tissue, called menisci, which also act as shock absorbers to cushion the lower part of the leg from the weight of the rest of the body.
		Meniscus tears can occur during a rotating movement while bearing weight, such as when twisting the upper leg while the foot stays in one place during sports and other activities.
		Tears can be minor, with the meniscus staying connected to the knee, or major, with the meniscus barely attached to the knee by a cartilage thread.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/adult_orthopaedics/torn.cfm (476 words)

	Should I have surgery for my torn meniscus?
		How you and your health professional treat your meniscus tear, an injury to the cartilage that protects the knee joint, depends upon several variables, including your health professional's preferences, your age, health, and activity level, and when the injury occurred.
		A meniscus tear usually occurs with a twisting or pivoting motion and often with the foot planted and the knee partially flexed (for example, when lifting or playing tennis).
		Meniscus surgery poses a risk of infection, damage to nerves or blood vessels around the knee, and blood clots in the leg.
	www.everettclinic.com /kbase/dp/topic/te7366/dp.htm (1572 words)

	Meniscectomy for a meniscus tear
		Orthopedists most often perform meniscus surgery with arthroscopy, a procedure used to both examine and repair the inside of a joint.
		If a meniscus tear is causing pain or swelling, it probably means that torn pieces of the meniscus need to be removed and the edges surgically shaved to make the remaining meniscus smooth.
		If the meniscus can be repaired successfully, it reduces the risk of knee joint degeneration that may occur with removal of all or part of the meniscus.
	www.webmd.com /a-to-z-guides/Meniscectomy-for-a-meniscus-tear (1214 words)

	TORN CARTILAGE (MENISCUS)
		The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of fibrocartilage which is located at the peripheral aspect of the joint.
		For that reason, when damaged, the meniscus is unable to undergo the normal healing process that occurs in most of the rest of the body.
		Typically, when the meniscus is damaged, the torn piece begins to move in an abnormal fashion inside the joint.
	www.arthroscopy.com /sp05005.htm (835 words)

	eMedicine - Meniscus Injuries : Article by Bradley S Baker
		Meniscus tears typically occur as a result of twisting or change of position of the weight-bearing knee in varying degrees of flexion or extension.
		The lateral meniscus is evaluated by extending from the fully flexed position with the foot/tibia externally rotated while applying a valgus stress to the knee.
		Meniscus repair is recommended for tears that occur in the vascular region (red zone or red-white zone), are longer than 1 cm, involve greater than 50% of meniscal thickness, and are unstable to arthroscopic probing.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/topic160.htm (4577 words)

	Diagnosing a Meniscus Tear \| Warren I. Hammer, MS, DC, DABCO
		Therefore, during meniscus testing, if the pain or snapping occurs near maximum knee flexion, the posterior horns are probably involved, and if the pain or clunk occurs toward knee extension, the middle to anterior portion of the meniscus is probably involved.
		It is thought as with the McMurray test that lateral rotation of the tibia stresses the medial meniscus and medial rotation stresses the lateral meniscus.
		Steinmann II Sign: Since the meniscus moves posteriorly with knee flexion and anteriorly with knee extension, if you palpate a tender meniscus in the joint line and slowly flex the knee, the portion palpated will probably lose its tenderness if a meniscus is involved.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/10/14/27.html (1296 words)

	Meniscal Injuries - Orthogate - The Gateway to the Orthopedic Internet
		The meniscus is a commonly injured structure in the knee.
		The meniscus grows weaker with age, and meniscal tears can occur in aging adults as the result of fairly minor injuries, even from the up-and-down motion of squatting.
		The constant rubbing of the torn meniscus on the articular cartilage may cause the joint surface to become worn, leading to knee osteoarthritis.
	www.orthogate.com /patient-education/knee/meniscal-injuries.html (1739 words)

	Injuries to the Meniscus
		A partial or total tear of a meniscus may occur when a person quickly twists or rotates the upper leg while the foot stays still (for example, when dribbling a basketball around an opponent or turning to hit a tennis ball).
		If the tear is tiny, the meniscus stays connected to the front and back of the knee; if the tear is large, the meniscus may be left hanging by a thread of cartilage.
		If the tear to a meniscus is more extensive, the doctor may perform either arthroscopic surgery or "open surgery" to see the extent of injury and to repair the tear.
	www.healthlink.mcw.edu /article/926052253.html (848 words)

	Knee Pain Info - Meniscus (Cartilage) Injuries
		The meniscus is a "C" shaped "shock absorber" which lies between the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia).
		There is a meniscus on the inner (medial) side of the knee and one on the outer (lateral) side of the knee.
		Injuries to either the medial meniscus or the lateral meniscus are common and are often referred to as a "torn cartilage".
	www.kneepaininfo.com /kneemeniscus.html (484 words)

	Summary - Meniscus Allograft Replacement Surgery: A minimally invasive method to restore previously removed torn knee ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Meniscus allograft replacement surgery is a minimally invasive method to restore previously removed torn knee cartilage with cadaver tissue.
		A meniscus tear requires a blood supply to heal, and since only the peripheral third of the meniscus has it, repairs are generally limited to the peripheral region.
		Meniscus replacement is considered for young, active patients who have previously had most of their meniscus removed, and develop pain in the area without having advanced degenerative changes to the articular (gliding surface) cartilage.
	www.orthop.washington.edu /uw/tabID__3367/print__full/ItemID__287/mid__0/Articles/Default.aspx (3072 words)

	IASM \| Institute For Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine - Knee Meniscus
		The Injury: The meniscus is a circular shaped disc of cartilage tissue that function as a shock absorber between the bones of the knee.
		In cases where the torn meniscus cannot be repaired, the smallest possible amount of tissue is removed, in order to preserve as much cushion for the joint as possible.
		In rare cases, where a large portion of the meniscus has to be removed, current techniques allow transplantation of a new meniscus from a cadaver.
	www.iasm.com /kneemen.html (258 words)

	Meniscus Cartilage
		Our preferred technique is to shape the meniscus when trimming it to replicate the normal curvature and slope of the meniscus cartilage.
		Meniscus Repair Meniscus tissue, the soft shock absorber in the knee is frequently torn and often repairable.
		In patients who have lost their meniscus usually due to previous surgery we have replaced the cartilage with a donor meniscus.
	www.stoneclinic.com /index_menisc.htm (397 words)

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