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	Encyclopedia: Menominee language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		An endangered language is a language with so few surviving speakers that it is in danger of falling out of use.
		Judging by Bloomfield's 1962 grammar and [1], the phonology of Menominee is (with the transcription of some phonemes to their right; long vowels are generally written with a macron or diaresis): In human language, a phoneme is a set of phones (speech sounds or sign elements) that are cognitively equivalent.
		In linguistics, a diaeresis or dieresis (AE) (from Greek diairein, to divide) is the modification of a syllable by distinctly pronouncing one of its vowels.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Menominee_language (1436 words)

	Menominee language - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian languages, are its heavy use of the low front vowel /æ/, its rich negation morphology, and its lexicon.
		Judging by Bloomfield's 1962 grammar and [1], the phonology of Menominee is (with the transcription of some phonemes to their right; long vowels are generally written with a macron or diaresis):
		Menominee language, Phonology, External links, Algonquian languages, Languages of the United States and Indigenous languages of the North American eastern woodlands.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Menominee_language (332 words)

	Menominee Language and the Menominee Indian Tribe (Menomini, Mamaceqtaw)
		Menominee Language and the Menominee Indian Tribe (Menomini, Mamaceqtaw)
		Language: The Algonquian language Menominee (or Menomini) is today spoken by only a few tribal elders in Wisconsin, though some younger Menominees hope to revive the language.
		Of all the surviving Native American peoples in Wisconsin, the Menominee and the Winnebago are the only ones who claim to be original to that area: the Fox and Sauk, Dakota, Illinois, and even Cheyenne migrated into the region from elsewhere, and the Menominee, never a large tribe, couldn't do much to stop it.
	www.native-languages.org /menominee.htm (494 words)

	Menominee
		Although the Jesuits visited the Menominee, most of their efforts were concentrated on the Huron and Ottawa (with whom there had been earlier converts), and for the most part, the Menominee kept their traditional religion for the time being.
		Menominee warriors fought at Fort Duquesne, Fort Oswego, Fort William Henry, and in the defense of Quebec.
		Besides the Menominee, the conference was attended by the Ojibwe, Fox, Sauk, Iowa, Sioux, Winnebago, Ottawa, and Potawatomi.
	www.dickshovel.com /men.html (6089 words)

	AICS: Tribal Language Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The eighth grade Nez Perce language teacher is expanding her students' knowledge of the Nez Perce language and culture through a study of Nez Perce place names and the meanings behind the names.
		Language classes are also going to be offered at the tribal community center for people of all ages and levels of Passamaquoddy language proficiency; middle school language students are responsible for preparing newspaper announcements for these classes.
		Native language students in the middle school in Cherokee, North Carolina are developing a bilingual tribal timeline in conjunction with an elementary school language class.
	www.ldoe.org /cetia/triblang.htm (3056 words)

	Journal of American Indian Education-Arizona State University
		Third, medical records at the Menominee Tribal Clinic were reviewed in detail to tally the occurrence and types of middle ear disease, as observed in well-baby examinations, early periodic screening and diagnostic treatments, medical treatment for specific ailments, audiological evaluations and referrals for suspected otitis media.
		Language and speech assessments were conducted by the first author, known to the children as a former Head Start staff member.
		Viewed from this perspective, each of the language, speech, and educational outcomes and trends observed in the present study plausibly can be viewed as a consequence of early otitis media with effusion.
	jaie.asu.edu /v29/V29S2eff.htm (3409 words)

	Early Menominees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Menominee’s like other tribal groups used metaphors when describing their environment especially when they were telling stories.
		The Menominee had a complicated structure of clans or groups which were known by spirits of the air, earth or water or by certain animals.
		The Menominee clan structure reveals the thought and logic that was an important part of the tribal social relationships.
	www.menominee.nsn.us /History/History/HistoryPages/HistoryEarlyMenominees.htm (1645 words)

	Menominee language
		An Algonquian language spoken on the Menominee Nation lands in Northern Wisconsin in the United States.
		The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian/Yematasi languages, are its heavy use of the low front vowel /ae/, its rich negation morphology, and its lexicon.
		The name of the tribe, and the language, omae:qnomenew, comes from the word for wild rice, which was a staple of this tribe's diet for millenia.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/menominee_language (252 words)

	Canku Ota - October 5, 2002 - Wisconsin Tribal Languages in Danger of Dying Out
		Due to globalization and the rapid spread of English and other world languages, tribal languages, such as the tribal language Menominee, are dying off at an unnaturally fast rate.
		Lemley is interested in the teaching of second languages and is observing and helping the teachers within the schools.
		Menominee is polysynthetic, meaning it builds extremely long words with many suffixes.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues02/Co10052002/CO_10052002_Wisconsin_Languages.htm (738 words)

	Menominee on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		MENOMINEE [Menominee], indigenous people of North America whose language belongs to the Algonquian branch of the Algonquian-Wakashan linguistic stock (see Native American languages).
		The Menominee were, however, bitter enemies of the neighboring Algonquian tribes, who waged constant warfare to drive the Menominee out of the rich wild-rice area.
		In 1854 the Menominee were settled on a reservation (Menominee Reservation) on the Wolf River, in N central Wisconsin.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/M/Menomin-peo.asp (512 words)

	Revitalizing the Menominee Language
		Only about 600 of the 6,000 languages spoken in the world in the twenty-first century are ‘safe’ from the threat of extinction over the next century.
		The rapid endangerment of these threatened languages is due, in large part, to linguistic and cultural assimilation.
		Language revitalization is the process of reversing that endangerment by increasing both the number of speakers of the language, and the places where the language is used.
	csumc.wisc.edu /newsletter/ilpp.htm (340 words)

	Menominee Culture - Indian Country Wisconsin
		The Menominee, who speak a language of the Algonkian language family, are the only present-day tribe in Wisconsin whose origin story indicates they have always lived in the state.
		During the 1700s, the Menominee were involved in a number of intertribal and European wars which both weakened their populations and provided them with strong allies.
		While traditional Menominee religion remained strong in some communities such as Zoar, the Peyote religion was also introduced in 1914 by a Potawatomi missionary and the Warrior's Dance or Brave Dance-a Menominee tradition which had fallen out of use-was reintroduced in 1925 from the Ojibwe.
	www.mpm.edu /wirp/ICW-54.html (2548 words)

	Canku Ota - December 14, 2002 - Tribe Fights for Its Identity, One Word at a Time
		Ron Corn Jr., 20, who is studying to become a Menominee language teacher through a federal grant, said those who are working to preserve the language are fighting history.
		Linguists studied and recorded the Menominee language as long ago as the 1920s, Teller said, but to him and many others on the reservation, the effort to save their speech is personal and spiritual.
		Among other things, that law spurred the formation of the Menominee Language and Culture Commission and requires all schools on the reservation - from preschools to colleges - to teach the language.
	www.cankuota.org /Issues02/Co12142002/CO_12142002_Menominee_Language.htm (1001 words)

	RELEASE: Professor documents endangered Menominee language
		Language preservation is a remarkably fertile service field for researchers; scholars estimate that between 50 and 90 percent of the world's languages will disappear in the course of the present century.
		Her specialty, formally known as morphology, is the study of the structure and formation of a language.
		That she came to indigenous American languages was the purest of accidents, she says.
	www.news.wisc.edu /releases/7804.html (793 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Menominee Indians
		The Menominee mission grew and flourished until the outbreak of the long war inaugurated by the Foxes against the French (1712), which continued some thirty years, and resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Fox tribe and the ruin of the Wisconsin missions.
		Physically the Menominee are among the finest of the native tribes of America, being well formed, straight, and of a rathe rlight complexion, with manly, intelligent, and mild expression.
		Father Engelhardt is also the author of a collection of Menominee translations of the Gospel, a volume of sermons and instructions, an extended vocabulary and several linguistic treatises on the language, all still in manuscript.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10192a.htm (1544 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Algonquian Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Algonquian linguistic family encompasses those languages spoken aboriginally and currently in regions stretching from the plains to the eastern seaboard, as far south as present-day North Carolina and as far north as the Canadian Subarctic.
		Algonquian languages, like English, also mark number (singular and plural) and person (first, second, and third), although Algonquian languages make an additional distinction between the first person plural in which the hearer or addressee is included (first person plural inclusive) and the one in which the hearer is not included (first person plural exclusive).
		Algonquian languages such as Cree and Ojibwa still serve the needs of large communities of speakers, and many of the surviving languages such as Maliseet-Passamaquoddy are now the subject of revitalization programs designed to bring the languages back into use among younger speakers.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_001400_algonquianla.htm (790 words)

	masterfile
		She co-facilitated a language workshop with the district curriculum director for the public elementary and secondary Menominee language teachers to provide an opportunity for professional growth.
		Languages promote diversity, express identity, function as repositories of history, and contribute to the sum of human knowledge.
		However, the tribes, as evidenced by the Menominee, are making huge strides toward making sure their language, their heritage, and their culture is maintained and preserved for future generations.
	csumc.wisc.edu /newsletter/insidepage2.htm (326 words)

	Articles & Updates: Death of Ingrid Washinawatok and two other U'wa supporters in Colombia
		Tthe Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin and Ingrid Washinawatok's Family are setting up a Trust Fund to deal with retrieving her remains, investigating the tragedy and related expenses.
		Many are watching the Menominee Nation for clues as to how indigenous nations in North America will deal with international tragedies, particularly with countries like Colombia that have a record of genocide of their own indigenous peoples.
		The Menominee Tribe is demanding an inquiry be made by the appropriate Congressional Committees into the State Department actions, which they feel showed no consideration for the three Americans' situation and resulted in their death.
	www.alphacdc.com /treaty/ingrid.html (11101 words)

	Menomene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Menominee are part of the Algonquian linguistic family and are Wisconsin's oldest continuous residents, having lived on this land for at least 4000 years.
		Ironically, it was this very image of the Menominee as "advanced" and "prosperous" that marked them to be one of the first tribes to face the federal government's termination experiment during the 1950's.
		Aspects of traditional culture remain vital on the reservation, the tribe having preserved and restored the Menominee clan structure, the tribal creation story, and the use and teaching of the Menominee language.
	www.cradleboard.org /sites/meno.html (1302 words)

	Native Americans: Menominee History and Culture
		As a complement to our Menominee language information, we would like to share our collection of indexed links about the Menominee people and various aspects of their society.
		Menominee history is interesting and important, but the Menominee are still here today, too, and we try to feature modern writers as well as traditional folklore, contemporary artwork as well as archaeology exhibits, and the issues and struggles of today as well as the tragedies of yesterday.
		Menominee tribal college and the CMN Cultural Institute.
	www.native-languages.org /menominee_culture.htm (311 words)

	Monica Macaulay (University of Wisconsin), Menominee Language and Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Monica Macaulay (University of Wisconsin), Menominee Language and Linguistics
		Of more than 7,000 enrolled members of the Menominee Nation in Wisconsin, only 36 claim the ancestral language as their mother tongue, and a small group list it as their second language.
		Unfortunately, despite Leonard Bloomfield's major work on the language half a century ago, very little has been done since and so there is much that needs to be known for a practical language teaching program to be developed.
	www.ling.yale.edu /~elf/macaulay.html (165 words)

	Menominee language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
		The name of the tribe, and the language, Omāēqnomenew, comes from the word for wild rice, which was a staple of this tribe's diet for millennia.
		This page was last modified 22:19, 25 January 2006.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Menominee_language (319 words)

	ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Algic/Menominee
		Menominee Linguistics - Thorough bibliography of Menominee linguistics.
		Menominee Language (Menomini) - Information and indexed links on the tribe's language, culture, history and genealogy.
		Menominee - The Lord's Prayer and Hail Mary in Menominee.
	www.sciencedaily.com /directory/Science/Social_Sciences/Linguistics/Languages/Natural/Algic/Menominee (210 words)

	Wisconsin Native American Language Project.
		Miner was a Menominee linguistic specialist hired by UWM as part of a sub-contract made with the GLITC.
		The main goal of the Project was to further linguistic analysis of the Native Wisconsin languages, and to prepare Native Americans in linguistic and methodological skills for the teaching of these languages.
		Twelve native speakers were hired as language resource consultants, working with a staff linguist in analyzing grammatical aspects of the language and in preparing written and recorded sound materials.
	www.uwm.edu /Library/arch/findaids/uwmmss20.htm (2412 words)

	Linguistics professor documents endangered Menominee language (Sep 19, 2002)
		Linguistics professor documents endangered Menominee language (Sep 19, 2002)
		In her work, Macaulay uses these cassette tapes of the Menominee language, recorded in the 1970s at reservation schools in Wisconsin.
		In turn, Macaulay, professor of linguistics and chair of the department, is recording and documenting a traditionally oral language markedly different from any European counterpart.
	www.news.wisc.edu /7804.html (827 words)

	Statements: Death of Ingrid Washinawatok & two other U'wa supporters in Colombia
		The Indigenous Women's Network, joining with the Menominee Nation, and other Indigenous Nations, is calling for a full prosecution of those responsible, and an investigation into the actions of the US State Department in reference to this incident.
		Apesanahkwat, Chairman of the Menominee Nation was active in attempting to negotiate the release of the hostages as soon as he heard of their capture.
		I just received word that Ingrid Washinawatok, a North American Menominee Indian who served on the board of the Indigenous Woman's Network, who had a big bright smile and was always laughing, who also cried easily at the many tragedies suffered by Indian people was found dead today somewhere in Colombia.
	www.alphacdc.com /treaty/ingrid-s.html (6688 words)

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