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	BOLSHEVISM AND MENSHEVISM. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In a pamphlet published in 1905, Lenin outlined his concept of revolution in Russia: since the Russian bourgeoisie was too weak to lead its own revolution, the proletarians and peasants must unite to overthrow the czarist regime and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat and peasantry.
		The Mensheviks, led by Plekhanov, believed that Russia could not pass directly from its backward state to a rule by the proletariat and that first an intermediary bourgeois regime must be developed.
		The Mensheviks opposed this coup and participated in the short-lived Constituent Assembly (Jan., 1918), but they generally refused to side with the anti-Bolshevik forces during the civil war.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/bo/Bolshevi.html (423 words)

	Flewers: Review - Lenin and the Mensheviks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Vera Broido, Lenin and the Mensheviks, Gower, Aldershot 1987, pp.216, £17.50
		The Mensheviks, Russia’s moderate Marxists, were completely marginalised in the summer of 1917, when the course of history found itself at odds with their strategy of building a parliamentary Socialist opposition within a capitalist society.
		The Mensheviks were not consigned to the dustbin of history (to use Trotsky’s apt term) because of Bolshevik mendacity.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol2/no1/broido.html (550 words)

	[No title]
		If the Mensheviks were advocates of civil liberties and democracy, their behavior up to the schism reveals that they were among the most anemic and apathetic advocates of political freedom in history.
		Mensheviks and Bolsheviks were alike in most respects whether one examines them at a particular party congress or over the course of a decade.
		The Mensheviks were, in principle, opposed to this, but failed to come forth and defend the rights of their "class enemies." Then, the Bolsheviks turned on their fellow socialists; to this, the Mensheviks responsed with anger.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/menshev.txt (8450 words)

	Mensheviks
		The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged from a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov[?], both members of of the Social Democratic Labour Party[?].
		The majority of party members agreed with Martov and formed the Mensheviks, while Lenin's faction became known as the Bolsheviks.
		The Mensheviks played a leading role in the 1905 Revolution and were particularly active in the the soviets and the emerging trade union movement.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/me/Mensheviks.html (154 words)

	Bolshevik
		In fact, the Mensheviks were in the majority until the Bolshevik seizure of power in October of 1917.
		Bolsheviks were distinguished from the Mensheviks by a belief in limited Party membership comprised of professional full-time revolutionaries in a centralised hierarchy striving to achieve power, a refusal to co-operate with bourgeois democratic government or even eventually other socialist organizations,and in addition the adoption of Lenin as great leader.
		Leon Trotsky was initially a member of Mensheviks, but in one of the key defections from that wing of the party lined up behind Lenin after the First Russian Revolution.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Bolshevism.html (250 words)

	ipedia.com: Mensheviks Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Mensheviks were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1903 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
		The Mensheviks swung to the left in the 1905 Revolution and were particularly active in the Soviets and the emerging trade union movement.
		After a while, Lenin's patience wore out with their compromising and in 1908 called the Mensheviks "liquidationists" and this eventually led to the Bolsheviks declaring their faction to be the party in 1912 with the aid of a handful of Mensheviks.
	www.ipedia.com /mensheviks.html (718 words)

	Trotsky - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The Bolsheviks were led by Lenin, and the Mensheviks were led by Martov.
		However, he soon clashed with the Mensheviks on the question of who would lead the world revolution of the working classes that Marxists anticipated.
		In contrast to the Mensheviks, who favored cooperation with the liberals, the Bolsheviks sought to bring down the government and replace it with a so-called “dictatorship of the proletariat”—in other words, a government ruled by the Bolsheviks on behalf of Russia’s industrial workers and peasants.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761557000__1/Trotsky.html (2388 words)

	Chapter Thirty-Seven, THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION OF 1905
		The Mensheviks were of the opinion that socialist revolutions were not possible in agrarian countries, that the private property of the peasants was irretrievably bound up with bourgeois ownership and imperialism.
		At the Menshevik Congress, it was decided that the socialists must drive the revolution forward, but must not organize it and must not aim at sharing power in the provisional government except where the revolution should spread to European countries more or less ripe for socialism.
		The Mensheviks were horrified at this and at the Fourth Congress passed a resolution demanding the immediate liquidation of these groups of "partisans." The Bolsheviks supported the terrorism on principle, on the ground that such actions disorganized the reactionaries and educated the revolutionists.
	www.weisbord.org /conquest37.htm (12794 words)

	Lenin: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
		The Mensheviks argued that the regime and government that succeeded the tsarist system must necessarily be led by the bourgeoisie, and that the role of the working class would be to strive to win concessions within this regime, while generally supporting it.
		Second, the Mensheviks favoured alliance with the liberal bourgeoisie, on condition that it promised to support the workers’ demands.
		Third, the Mensheviks favoured a more elastic form of party organisation, one that would leave membership open to individual supporters of the programme and intellectuals who were not directly members of any of the underground working groups but worked broadly under their control.
	www.marxlibrary.net /lenin/lenin_8.htm (1239 words)

	Bolshevik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mensheviks organized a rival conference and the split was thus formalized.
		As the Russian Revolution of 1905 progressed, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and smaller non-Russian social democratic parties operating with the Russian Empire attempted to reunify at the Fourth (Unification) Congress of the RSDLP held at Folkets hus, Norra Bantorget in Stockholm, April 1906.
		With both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks weakened by splits within their ranks and by Tsarist repression, they were tempted to try to re-unite the party.
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Bolshevik (3467 words)

	RUSNET.NL :: Encyclopedia :: M :: Menshevik Party
		During the 1905-07 revolution the Mensheviks opposed the working class and peasantry who were in open revolt.
		After the successful bourgeois revolution of February 1917, most Mensheviks joined the provisional government, though as a party they had no power.
		After the October Revolution the Mensheviks opposed the Soviet government, primarily through bureaucratic lobbying, though some members later joined the white armies.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/m/print/mensheviks.shtml (134 words)

	Ann McMillin
		The Mensheviks, still holding true to their want of a broad-based workers’ party, wanted trade unions to become actively involved in politics, instead of just being confined to advancing their economic needs.
		The liquidationist tendency among the Mensheviks and the Bolshevik practice of expropriations were upsetting the fragile balance of the Social Democratic Party.
		Now two separate parties, the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks would again clash over their stances regarding the outbreak of World War I. Traditionally, Marxists believed that war was wrong because it would prevent an international socialist order.
	www.unc.edu /~amcmilli/russia.htm (2929 words)

	[No title]
		The Anarchists are one; the state capitalists are one; the mensheviks are a third.
		Mensheviks and others who pour scorn on the Bolshevik revolution are in reality reponsible for its bureaucratisation, not the demise of the working class in Russia as Louis, and Tony Cliff argue.
		Mensheviks were against the Bolshevik revolution - the closet Mensheviks Stalin, Zinoviev and Karmenev even conspired to prevent the insurrection - but failed to stop it.
	www.kmf.org /malecki/cockroach/cr0041.txt (3642 words)

	Karl Marx by V.I. Lenin
		During the 1905-07 revolution, the Mensheviks opposed the hegemony of the working class in the revolution and its alliance with the peasantry and demanded agreement with the liberal bourgeoisie, which, they maintained, should lead the revolution.
		In the years of reaction which followed the defeat of the 1905 revolution, most of the Mensheviks became liquidators: they demanded the liquidation of the revolutionary illegal party of the working class.
		After the victory of the February bourgeois-democratic revolution in 1917, the Mensheviks accepted posts in the bourgeois Provisional Government, supported its imperialist policy and opposed the socialist revolution being prepared by the Bolsheviks.
	www.newyouth.com /archives/classics/lenin/karl_marx.html (2643 words)

	Melberg, Hans O. (1996), Dynamic counterfactual correlations
		First, that the Mensheviks basically had a dogmatic Marxist outlook and - based on their intellectual history - there was little indication that they were going to change their minds (develop in a more democratic direction), nor that they were particularly interested in issues of civil liberties.
		With Mensheviks in power we do not know what would have happen and to infer that the French and Italian communists would have developed in the same direction as they did when the Bolshevik were in power, is false.
		The distinction between the reliability of a belief based on correlation, as opposed to the reliability of a belief based on a theory of causal connections, is both valid and important.
	www.geocities.com /hmelberg/papers/961214.htm (1638 words)

	Theses of the Right Mensheviks, 1919
		It exists as a typescript in the archive of the Menshevik activist S O Portugeys, held in Amsterdam, and is clearly a response to the programme "What is to be done?" issued by the Menshevik Central Committee on 12 July 1919.
		Basing their case on traditional Menshevik perspectives and passages from Engels, the Right Mensheviks argued that the cause of historical progress and the working class would be better served by a White victory.
		It is partly this circumstance, and partly the confusion of the masses which explain the objections on the part of certain leaders of the Socialist International to the Allies' intervention in Russian affairs, under the pretext of respecting the right of nations to self-determination.
	www.uea.ac.uk /his/webcours/russia/documents/rite-men.shtml (2987 words)

	Mike Haynes: Was there a parliamentary alternative in Russia in 1917? (Part 3)
		The Mensheviks remained rooted in the synthesis of 1905 (economic analysis – comparatively low development of Russian capitalism, derivative political practice – the realisation of the democratic revolution).
		Thus the better known swing away from the SRs and Mensheviks in the soviets and factory committees was a reflection of a much wider trend clearly apparent in the local government elections in the two biggest cities.
		Moreover it was in the “Bolshevik belt” (as Larin described it in September 1917) of industrial Russia that the Menshevik Internationalist wing was the stronger part of the party reflecting the way that the base of the party was being pulled to the left.
	www.marxists.de /russrev/haynes/parlalt3.htm (6881 words)

	::Julius Martov:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In theory, no Menshevik should have joined the Provisional Government because the head of it, Alexander Kerensky, wanted Russia to stay in a war that Martov was greatly against.
		At a meeting of other Mensheviks in June 1917, Martov failed in his attempt to get the party to support the belief that there should be an immediate end to Russia’s involvement in war.
		Martov continued to lead the Mensheviks in the failed Constituent Assembly until the assembly was dispersed by force by the Red Guards.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /julius_martov.htm (629 words)

	Socialist History: 100th anniversary of division between Leninâs Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks
		Iskra's new minority, the Mensheviks, had, before the Congress, been among those who had agreed to the proposals and stressed the authority of the Congress decisions.
		In the struggle at the Congress, Martov and the Mensheviks had allied with the party right wing, which, in turn, was reinvigorated.
		In the first Russian revolution of 1905, the Mensheviks were totally taken up with the idea that the capitalist class should be involved, because the next phase of Russia’s development would be a democratic capitalist society.
	www.socialistworld.net /eng/2003/08/211903.html (2485 words)

	::The Mensheviks:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Mensheviks wanted to make their movement less elitist than the Bolsheviks in the belief that it would attract the support of the uneducated workers and peasants.
		If the Mensheviks had one belief, it was the support of pure Marxism as laid down by Karl Marx in his publications.
		During the days of Kerensky’s Provisional Government, the Mensheviks made the mistake of associating themselves with Kerensky — as they deemed that the Bolsheviks were more of an enemy to Russia than the leader of the Provisional Government.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /mensheviks.htm (545 words)

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