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Topic: Menstrual periods

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	OurGyn - Menstrual periods: The Good, the Bad and the Way Too Heavy (!) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Menstrual periods are the result of cyclical hormonal communication between the brain and the ovaries in women of reproductive age (from about 13 to 51).
		Periods typically change throughout the course of a woman’s reproductive life, representing her evolving physiology as well as the effects of many internal and external influences.
		Menstrual disorders are surprisingly common; one recent survey estimates that 2.5 million U.S. women between the ages of 18 and 50 have this problem, with nearly a third losing (on average) 9.6 days of work per year2.
	www.ourgyn.com /article_retrieve.php?articleid=33 (1667 words)

	Irregular Menstrual Periods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It is not uncommon for these women to go several months between menstrual periods, or even have no periods at all.
		When menstrual periods are widely separated, it is called oligomenorrhea.
		There are MANY causes for irregular periods, and women with irregular menstrual periods should be evaluated by a physician to determine the cause.
	www.pcos-doctors.com /irregular_menstrual_cycles.htm (365 words)

	Menstrual Problems and Thyroid Disease: The Effects of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism on Menstruation / Thyroid ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The linkage between thyroid disease and the menstrual cycle is not well understood by medical professionals, but there are some established linkages between menstruation and thyroid disease that are well-established.
		Painful Menstruation, Dysmenorrhea: Hypothyroidism is associated with painful menstrual periods, known as dysmenorrhea.
		Women who are having menstrual irregularities should have their doctor conduct a thorough hormonal evaluation at several points in their cycle, looking at estrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels, among others, to evaluate whether the hormonal cycle is normal.
	www.thyroid-info.com /articles/menstruation.htm (935 words)

	The menstrual cycle
		Menstruation - having periods - is part of the female reproductive cycle that starts when girls become sexually mature at the time of puberty.
		Menstrual discharge is composed of the endometrium itself, together with a little fresh blood caused by the breaking of very fine blood vessels within the endometrium as it detaches itself from the inside of the uterus.
		Periods are often light or infrequent both when a young woman starts having periods, and also when a woman is nearing menopause.
	www.netdoctor.co.uk /health_advice/facts/menstruation_cycle.htm (1295 words)

	HON Mother & Child Glossary, Menstruation
		Menstuation (also known as the menstrual cycle or the period) refers to the monthly haemorrhage caused by the the shedding of the lining of the uterus (termed the endometrium).
		Menstruation reflects a woman's reproductive years and extends from the menarche (first menstruation) Menstruation begins in puberty and ends with menopause.
		The menstrual cycle is typically separated into three phases, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal, which begin with the first day of menses (bleeding).
	www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/female_repro/menstruation.html (524 words)

	Symptom - Menstrual periods - heavy, prolonged, or irregular - Hartford, Connecticut
		Irregular menstrual periods are those that occur at unusual or unexpected times.
		Keep a record of your menstrual cycles, including when menstruation begins and ends, how much flow you have (count numbers of pads and tampons used, noting whether they are soaked), and any other symptoms you experience.
		Your periods have been heavy or prolonged for 3 or more cycles, compared to what is normal for you.
	www.saintfranciscare.com /12865.cfm (1031 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Painful menstrual periods
		Your pain is significant, your period is over one week late, and you have been sexually active.
		Your pain occurs at times other than menstruation, begins more than 5 days prior to your period, or continues after your period is over.
		Birth control pills may be prescribed to alleviate menstrual pain.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003150.htm (847 words)

	All About Menstruation
		The amount of time between a girl's periods is called her menstrual cycle (the cycle is counted from the start of one period to the start of the next).
		Menstrual cramps are pretty common - in fact, more than half of all women who menstruate say they have cramps during the first few days of their periods.
		Depending on the person, menstrual cramps can be dull and achy or sharp and intense, and they can sometimes be felt in the back or the thighs as well as the abdomen.
	kidshealth.org /teen/sexual_health/girls/menstruation.html (1647 words)

	Missed Menstrual Periods (Amenorrhea) \| AHealthyMe.com
		The absence of menstrual periods is a symptom, not a disease.
		If a woman has missed three or more periods in a row, a physician may recommend blood tests to measure hormone levels, a scan of the skull to rule out the possibility of a pituitary tumor, and ultrasound scans of the abdomen and pelvis to rule out a tumor of the adrenal gland or ovary.
		If the halt in the normal period is caused by stress or illness, periods should begin again when the stress passes or the illness is treated.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic13081 (1178 words)

	Missed Menstrual Periods (Amenorrhea) -- Women's Health Advisor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Secondary amenorrhea is the absence of 3 or more periods in a row in a woman who has had regular menstrual periods.
		Menstruation requires that the uterus, cervix (opening to the uterus), vagina, and ovaries be normal and healthy.
		If your periods are irregular, keep a record of the dates that they start, how long they last, the amount of menstrual flow, and any symptoms.
	www.medformation.com /ac/crswa.nsf/file/crs-wha-aha_obg_amenorrhea (968 words)

	Menstruation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Menstruation is part of the menstrual cycle, which helps a woman's body prepare for the possibility of pregnancy each month.
		During the menstrual period, the thickened uterine lining and extra blood are shed through the vaginal canal.
		This term is used to describe the absence of a period in young women who haven't started menstruating by age 16, or the absence of a period in women who used to have a regular period.
	www.4woman.gov /faq/menstru.htm (1309 words)

	Menstrual Disorders: Irregular and Missed Menstrual Periods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Her menstrual cycle (or menses) begins on the first day of bleeding and continues to the first day of her next menstrual period.
		For some, a menstrual cycle is as short as 21 days or as long as 35 days.
		If a woman has irregular or abnormal menstrual bleeding, a doctor may prescribe hormones or other therapies to help regulate her period.
	www.menstrual-disorders.co.uk (319 words)

	Amenorrhea
		No menstrual period for 6 months in a woman who usually has normal periods OR for a length of time equal to 3 cycle intervals in a woman with less frequent cycles.
		No menstrual period by age 14 in the absence of growth or development of secondary sexual characteristics.
		Amenorrhea in a woman who has had menstrual periods is quite common at some time during her reproductive life.
	classes.kumc.edu /son/nrsg835/amenorrhea.htm (574 words)

	UpToDate Patient information: Menstrual cycle disorders
		Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstrual periods, and is classified as primary (absence of the onset of menstrual periods by age 16) or secondary (absence of menstrual periods for more than three to six months in a woman who previously had periods).
		Menstrual cycle disorders can be temporary or permanent, and both amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea can interfere with a woman's ability to get pregnant.
		Not all patients with menstrual cycle disorders are alike, and it is important that your situation is evaluated by someone who knows you as a whole person.
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=endo_hor/9299 (2050 words)

	Menstrual Disorders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Menstrual flow is the result of the complex interplay of many factors that arise from the central nervous system, the pituitary gland, the ovary, the uterine muscle, and its lining.
		Women over the age of 35 with progressively heavier menstrual flows should be tested so that an underlying cancer can be ruled out as the cause of their heavy menstrual periods.
		Your menstrual cycle length (generally 25 – 35 days), number of days of menstrual flow, frequency of pad or tampon changes, nocturrhagia (nighttime pad changes), clots, cramps, a family history of bleeding disorders, excessive bleeding (such as with cuts, scrapes, or tooth extractions).
	www.cmdrc.com /menstrual.htm (2402 words)

	All about menstrual periods and alternative treatments
		Fortunately, there is some help for women who suffer heavy periods, or menorrhagia, in the form of nutritional therapy, which is both safe and effective.
		If you have extremely heavy periods, meaning periods that last for more than five days during which you bleed excessively, your first step should be a visit to your gynecologist to rule out conditions that should be treated with traditional medicine.
		The most common and well-known nutritional aid to regulate heavy periods is vitamin A. In fact, vitamin A is so closely tied to normal hormone production, and thus period regulation, that laboratory-reduced deficiencies of vitamin A in animals can completely suspend tile menstrual cycle.
	alternative-medicine-and-health.com /conditions/hvyperiod.htm (580 words)

	Menstrual Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As inconvenient as it can sometimes be, the monthly menstrual period reassures a woman of reproductive age that she is normal.
		First we must understand that the menstrual cycle is a delicate balance between hormones of the brain and ovaries, with resulting effects in the uterus (womb).
		Periods that are painful can be quite harmless, but many young women are concerned about the possibility of a condition called endometriosis, normal menstrual tissue placed in abnormal locations, like the abdomen.
	www.gynob.com /menses.htm (6666 words)

	► Dysmenorrhea in the adolescent
		Periods - painful (adolescent); Adolescent dysmenorrhea; Menstrual pain - adolescent; Painful menstrual periods - adolescent
		It consists of crampy lower abdominal pain that generally begins several hours prior to the onset of a menstrual period, but may begin as much as 1 or 2 days in advance.
		Pain may be mild to severe, and may be associated with nausea and vomiting and changes in bowel habits (either constipation or diarrhea).
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/001194.htm (286 words)

	Menstrual Cycles:: What Really Happens in those 28 Days?!
		The length of a woman's menstrual cycle (the number of days from the first day of one period to the first day of the next) is determined by the number of days it takes her ovary to release an egg.
		Society for Menstrual Cycle Research - a nonprofit organization and multidisciplinary group of women pioneers in understanding the centrality of menstrual cycle research to women's health.
		Menstruation - connecting heart, mind, body and spirit - Menstruation is an Art because if we are living our cycles and tapping into the gifts, power and responsibilities of being authentically Feminine, then we are tapping into an ever-changing, never-ending source of creativity.
	www.fwhc.org /health/moon.htm (3343 words)

	Menstruation: Late Period and Missed Period
		If you have a late period and a negative pregnancy test, then consider whether or not you’ve recently been sick, gained or lost a significant amount of weight, have been under excessive stress or have taken any new medications.
		Sometimes, you may have your period but, instead of your usual menstrual flow and period length, this time around your period is shorter and lighter.
		Maybe a late menstrual period isn’t your problem but a heavier and longer period is. One possible explanation is uterine fibroids.
	www.epigee.org /guide/lateperiod.html (709 words)

	Sports and Menstrual Periods: The Female Athlete Triad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, some girls who train really hard may skip many menstrual periods, or they may get their period at a late age, especially if they have lost weight or have developed an eating disorder.
		Girls may begin to skip periods if they are not getting enough nutrition, or if there is too much stress on their body from sports.
		If you are skipping periods and your health care provider is worried about osteoporosis, he/she may suggest that you have a test that tells whether your bones have lost thickness or strength.
	www.youngwomenshealth.org /triad.html (1421 words)

	Young Adult Health - Health Topics - Periods
		A period is when the lining separates from the rest of the uterus because it is not needed for this egg to grow.
		Periods tend to come around the same time each month for many women (about 28 days from the start of one to the start of the next), but they can come more often (maybe 3 weeks apart), or further apart (around 5 or 6 weeks).
		For normal periods to occur, many parts of your body need to be working well, including your ovaries, uterus, pituitary gland (part of the brain) and hypothalamus (another part of your brain).
	www.cyh.com /cyh/youthtopics/usr_index0.stm?topic_id=1386 (2396 words)

	Absence of periods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Amenorrhea (ah-men-o-REE-ah) is the absence of menstrual periods.
		If, however, the girl has not menstruated by the age of seventeen, it is recommended she visit a physician for a gynecological examination.
		Sometimes there is a false primary amenorrhea during which the patient is menstruating, but the blood is prevented from reaching the outside due to a blockage of some type.
	www.harthosp.org /HealthInfo/scripts/scr0404.htm (254 words)

	► Menstrual periods - abnormal
		Normal menstrual flow occurs about every 28 days, lasts about 4 days, and produces a total blood loss of 30 to 80 milliliters (2 tablespoons to about 1 cup).
		Periods may be regular, irregular, light, heavy, painful, pain-free, long, or short, and still be normal.
		Variation in the menstrual cycle is medically less significant than bleeding, pain, or discharge between periods.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/003263.htm (242 words)

	Stress Linked to Painful Menstrual Periods
		Painful periods -- called dysmenorrhea -- are a common problem affecting 43% to 90% of women in various populations, say the researchers, who included Xiaobin Wang, MD, MPH, ScD, of Children's Memorial Hospital in Chicago.
		Overall, about 44% of participants reported painful periods, which were defined as at least two days of abdominal or low-back pain during menstrual bleeding within a menstrual cycle.
		After adjusting for other influences, women reporting high stress levels during the preceding month were 2.4 times as likely to have painful periods in their next menstrual cycle as those with low stress.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/97/104067.htm (455 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.2: Missed Menstrual Periods (Amenorrhea)
		Primary amenorrhea is not having menstrual periods by the age of 16.
		Sometimes a breast-feeding mother may not have menstrual periods.
		Not having menstrual periods is a symptom, not a disease.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_amenor_crs.htm (975 words)

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