
	Where results make sense

Topic: Mensural notation

	Columbia Encyclopedia- musical notation - AOL Research & Learn
		Notation of Gregorian chant was by means of neumes, which are thought to have been derived from symbols used in the Greek language to indicate pitch inflection.
		Mensural notation, in which each note has a specific time value, became a necessity with the development of polyphony.
		Notation for electronic music is still not standardized but generally uses traditional reference symbols (staff and clef signs) in conjunction with specially adapted pitch and rhythm notation.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/musical-notation/20051206224209990003 (723 words)

	Dreams Machine > The Immaterial World - Music Sound
		Mensural notation was the first system in the development of European music that systematically used individual note shapes to denote temporal durations.
		Mensural notation is most closely associated with the successive periods of the late medieval Ars nova and the Franco-Flemish or Dutch school of Renaissance music.
		The most significant difference between Mensural and modern notation in the area of pitch is the use of musica ficta: while some accidentals were written out, most routine chromatic alterations were not notated and left to be supplied by the performer.
	www.sfetcu.com /modules.php?name=Music_Sound-MM&page=Mensural_notation.html (3008 words)

	Musical notation
		By the middle of the 9th century, however, a form of notation began to develop in monasteries in Europe for Gregorian chant, using symbols known as neumes; the earliest surviving musical notation of this type is in the Musica disciplina of Aurelian of Réôme, from about 850.
		The earliest known music notation was encoded in cuneiform script in the region of Mesopotamia, with surviving examples dating as far back as the middle of the second millennium B.C.E. Later civilizations, most notably that of Ancient Greece, developed their own forms of notation, which were often written on sheets or scrolls of papyrus.
		Notation conventions for percussionnists is varied because of the atonality of the set of instruments available such as with a drum kit.
	www.musicsonglyrics.org /Musical_notation.html (3697 words)

	Untitled Document
		The standard music notation of the Western world is a language of symbols, a graphical code used for various purposes: performance, pedagogy, analysis, etc. There are other systems, and possibilities for more, including ones that are not graphical, or that are hybrids.
		The notational consequences were epochal: the vagueness of neumatic pitch notation was rendered obsolete and was replaced with the intervallic precision of staff notation.
		So, having considered notation from many angles, we end by reminding ourselves that while the highly artificial internal structure of music notation documents is (paraphrasing Herbert A. Simon) "particularly susceptible to simulation by simplified models," their social context is not so easily dealt with.
	polaris.gseis.ucla.edu /canderso/notation.htm (3531 words)

	Musical notation information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		By the middle of the 9th century, however, a form of notation began to develop in monasteries in Europe for Gregorian chant, using symbols known as neumes; the earliest surviving musical notation of this type is in the Musica disciplina of Aurelian of Réôme, from about 850.
		The earliest known music notation was encoded in cuneiform script in the region of Mesopotamia, with surviving examples dating as far back as the middle of the second millennium B.C.E. Later civilizations, most notably that of Ancient Greece, developed their own forms of notation, which were often written on sheets or scrolls of papyrus.
		Notation conventions for percussionnists is varied because of the atonality of the set of instruments available such as with a drum kit.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Musical_notation (3740 words)

	Mensural notation at AllExperts
		Mensural notation is the musical notation system which was used from the later part of the 13th century until about 1600.
		In modal notation, ligatures had been used to represent stereotyped sequences of short and long notes, grouping notes together in much the same way as metric feet are used to group short and long syllables in Latin poetry.
		Accidentals in mensural notation look essentially identical to those of today, and include both sharps and flats, of which flats are somewhat more common.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/me/mensural_notation.htm (2943 words)

	The Neume Notation Project - Glossary of Musicological Terms
		The singer in charge of the choir in a church or monastery, generally responsible for the choir and for seeing to it that the correct chants are sung for the liturgy.
		Notation symbols that represent the gestures of the hand that inform singers of the correct note to sing in a chant.
		Neume notation, especially in early sources, that does not have horizontal guidelines and is likely indicative of general melodic shape rather than specific tones and pitches.
	www.scribeserver.com /medieval/glossary.htm (1926 words)

	Lute Tablature
		Notation: the entire history of Western music is based upon and influenced by its methods, yet we often overlook the study of historical methods.
		Mensural notation is, in contrast, a diastematic notation that represents pitch intervals graphically on a staff.
		Apel claims that pitch notation “proves in the end to be by far the more successful one,” (54) while Richard Rastall states that “the most successful instrumental notations have been those that provide the performer with precise instructions on the placing of his fingers on the strings, holes or keys of the instrument” (6).
	webpages.charter.net /jakehagedorn/lutetablature.html (2177 words)

	Musical notation - Cunnan
		The ancestors of modern symbolic music notation originated in the Catholic church, as monks developed methods to put plainchant (sacred songs) to paper.
		Although capable of expressing considerable musical complexity, they could not exactly express pitch or time and served mainly as a reminder to one who already knew the tune, rather than a means by which one who had never heard the tune could sing it exactly at sight.
		Because the neum system arose from the need to notate songs, exact timing was initially not a particular issue as the music would generally follow the natural rhythms of the Latin language.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Musical_notation (434 words)

	Reading White Mensural Notation-Home Page
		The music notational style was fairly stable by this time, and remained so for a period of 40-50 years, and yet contained much of the complexity that makes looking at Renaissance notation such a fascinating pastime.
		Because the manner of notation allowed different divisions of the notes (sometimes a note divides into two of the next-shorter value notes, sometimes three) the musician looking to read mensural notation has to recognize the signs of mensuration and know how to apply them.
		There is one thing that a student of renaissance notation should be mindful of before attempting this, which is Musica Ficta, and many things which demand further consideration, such as Coloration and Proportions, and with the trinary mensurations, Imperfection and Alteration.
	ieee.uwaterloo.ca /praetzel/mp3-cd/info/raybro/index1.html (824 words)

	Accentuation and Duration in the Music of the
		A few shapes, however, were designed specifically for mensural notation, most notable among them is the ligatura cum opposita proprietate, i.e., a grouping of two notes, the first of which bears an upward stem on its left side indicating that both notes are to be read as semibreves.
		Most notable among these is the double note, 3 which, in nonmensural notation, indicates that the pitch concerned is to be held twice as long as a single note; in mensural notation, the doubling of a notevalue was indicated in a different way.
		Because the mensuration of this neume is unclear, I refrained from transcribing it mensurally,.
	faculty.washington.edu /petersen/alfonso/muswerf.htm (3567 words)

	Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music: Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The rest of the ms is in the usual 13th century square plainsong notation with such English traits as rhombs for breve shapes and the English form of the conjunctura.
		The notation is reminiscent of StG A, a half-way stage between neumatic and square notation.
		The notation is in many cases om., as in the monodic Licet eger which may be by Johannes de Garlandia; here even the staves are om.
	www.diamm.ac.uk /apps/Archive.jsp?navToggle=2&archiveKey=17 (2100 words)

	Musical notation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Knowledge of the ancient Greek notation was lost to the West around the time of the fall of the Roman Empire.
		Non-pitched percussion notation on a conventional staff once commonly employed the bass clef, but a neutral staff of two parallel vertical lines is usually preferred now.
		Finally there are notational forms that are not intended to be processed by computer, but are nonetheless commonly used to transmit information via computer, such as text file guitar tablature which has become extremely popular following the growth of the world wide web.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Musical_notation (4488 words)

	The Good Shepherd Institute: Pastoral Theology and Sacred Music for the Church (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		If Morley found the situation of tactus, rhythm, and mensuration confused in his day, so much the greater is the confusion in our day, both because of the remoteness of the times and the additional contradictions of modern authorities with their problems of transcription.
		One aspect of mensural theory must be reviewed here as a necessary preliminary to understanding the interrelationships among tactus, rhythm, and meter—namely, the mensuration schemes that form the basis of the rhythmic systems of the 14th to the 16th century.
		In the development of mensural notation from the early 14th century to the end of the 16th century, three basic systems can be discerned in the application of the tactus.
	www.goodshepherdinstitute.org /musical-heritage/volume/6/function_tactus.php (4982 words)

	[No title]
		French tab for 8 & 9 course lute and 6 course bandora with mensural notation.
		Mensural notation and French tab for 10 course Baroque lute.
		French tab for 12 course lute, 13 course archlute or theorbo and mensural notation.
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~lsa/publications/LSA_Lib_Catalog.txt (8680 words)

	Liturgica.com \| Liturgics \| Western Catholic Liturgics \| Development of Manuscript Notation
		The beginnings of western notation are to be found in the grammatical accents of Greek: the acute accent [ / ] for a rise of the voice, and the grave accent [ \ ] for a fall; in combination, the circumflex [
		Such notation could only vaguely indicate the course of a melody, serving as a memory aid to singers who had already learned it by heart or for the choirmaster in conducting it.
		The square form, also know as Plainchant notation, was used to notate the large body of secular monophonic music from the 12th to 15th centuries, including melodies of the Troubadours, Trouveres, Minnesinger, Meistersinger and others.
	www.liturgica.com /html/litDevMan_wc.jsp (1365 words)

	SoWeirdProductions » The history of notation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		A specific aspect of the former was the use of colorationthe use of differently coloured inks in some Mediaeval music in order to notate complex syncopations and metrical relationships in a musical score, involving the addition of red ink to certain tenor parts: the red notes equalled two-thirds of the value of the fl notes.
		Most scholars accepted that notated polyphony of this period required performers to interpret under-prescriptive notation in accordance with their training (by contrapuntal and melodic criteria about which scholars disagree), ensuring the perfection of consonances, and approaching cadences correctly.
		For instance, the pitch notation for Sprechgesang (or Sprechstimme) in which a singer half sings, half speaks, the music, is particularly associated with Schoenberg (1876-1951), and was taken up by both Berg (1885-1945) and Boulez (b.1925).
	www.soweirdproductions.com /?page_id=291 (2811 words)

	THE RHYTHM OF BARTOLOMEO DA BOLOGNA'S QUE PENA MAIOR
		The original mensural notation of late medieval polyphony has the capacity to suggest complex temporal relationships that cannot be expressed using modern notation.
		A particularly revealing example of the conceptual distance between mensural and modern notation is a late fourteenthcentury virelai, Que pena maior, by Bartolomeo da Bologna, one of the first pieces to use proportional numbers in mensural notation.
		The original notation of the work shows that the composer is playing a kind of game with the relationship between mensuration, pulse, and duration.
	www.societymusictheory.org /smt/html/events/abstracts/smt-96.abstracts/stone.html (216 words)

	MUSIC 992 MUSICOLOGY SEMINAR Fall 2002 Course information
		Description: Study of the notations of polyphonic music of the Renaissance, and selected notations of the Middle Ages; study of historical and current practice in editing early music and of related musical performance issues.
		Reading and discussion of the notational systems presented in the text, beginning with Renaissance mensural notation, proceeding next to Renaissance tablatures, and finally taking up selected notations of the Middle Ages.
		General differences between early and modern notation, as to format, note shapes, clefs, mensurations, barring, detail of performance indications, coordination of parts, distribution of text, specification of accidentals, uniformity of copies, etc. How modern note shapes derived from those of the Renaissance.
	www.msu.edu /course/mus/992/992SYL2002.htm (944 words)

	Lute tablature - Cunnan
		Often referred in modern times as "lute tablature" because of the preeminence of the lute, tablature was also used for viola da gamba, cittern, bandora, and orpharion.
		Mensural notation, both modern and period, tells the reader what note to play.
		Tablature declined with the ascent of keyboard instruments and the invention of a simpler form of mensural notation in the 17th century, but never completely disappeared.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Lute_tablature (390 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Theory Online - Notes & Rests
		It would appear that prior to mensural notation the length of notes would be determined by the ancient rules of proportional rhythm applied to the words accompanying the melody (prosodic feet and proportions).
		Mensural notation had become, then, a system of rhythmic notation where distinct note-shapes (from about 1260, maxima, longa, brevis and semibrevis - from the fourteenth-century, minima - from the fifteenth-century, semiminima, fusa and semifusa) indicated the relative lengths of different notes.
		In mensural notation (or mensuration), the ratio between the semibreve and the long, called the modus, could be 2 (or duple), in which case it was described as being minor, or 3 (or triple), in which case the ratio was said to be major.
	www.dolmetsch.com /musictheory2.htm (4772 words)

	LA NOTAZIONE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Latin alphabetic notation was mainly used only in theoretical treatises and indicated the names of the notes and their succession.
		The neumatic notation was used for the monodic liturgical and profane chants, and also for the first forms of polyphony.
		The development of the counterpoint also contributed to an increased precision in establishing the note-length, therefore the mensural notation was originated.
	digilander.libero.it /mediaivrea/medioeng/music/notzionen.htm (352 words)

	Note value at AllExperts
		In music notation, a note value indicates the relative duration of a note, using the color or shape of the note head, the presence or absence of a stem, and the presence or absence of flags.
		This fl mensural notation gave way to white mensural notation around 1450, in which all note values were written with white (outline) noteheads.
		Around 1600 the modern notational system was generally adopted, along with barlines and the practice of writing multipart music in scores rather than only individual parts.
	en.allexperts.com /e/n/no/note_value.htm (826 words)

	Mensuration in renaissance music - introduction
		Mensuration signs found at the beginning of each part told which notes were in ternary or in binary relationships.
		Mensurations weren't necessarly the same in each part, and they might change when a new sign was written further inside the staff.
		Though the mensuration sign first specifies that a perfect note weights three smaller ones, this long note may be imperfected by a neighbouring smaller note, and then weights only two of them; the total values still amount to three, and this is called a perfection.
	anaigeon.free.fr /e_mensur_intro.html (2106 words)

	Distributed Digital Library of Medieval Chant Manuscript Transcriptions
		It is not surprising, therefore, that the earliest forms of musical notation were devoped for the purpose of recording religious chants.
		Around the time of the Renaissance, so-called "mensural" notation for music was invented, whereby the durations of notes could be explicitly shown.
		The NEUMES data representation allows all types of neume notation to be encoded, in a manner that preserves the native characteristics of the original notation while, at the same time, allowing the neumatic symbols and melodic information to be systematically compared across notational types.
	www.scribeserver.com /digital_library (659 words)

	HOASM: The Ars Nova In France
		The rapid rise of polyphony in the 12th and 13th centuries depended upon corresponding advances in style and notation.
		In this old system duple divisions of the beat (as in 2/4 or 3/4 meter), while feasible, were neither theoretically recognized nor adequately provided for, thanks to the longstanding mystical belief in the perfection of the number 3 (the Trinity, etc.).
		Notational advances in the 14th century were but the means to an end: the triumph of polyphony.
	www.hoasm.org /IID/IIDArsNovaFrance.html (1027 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)