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Topic: Mental images

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	SparkNotes: Perception: Mental Imagery
		When we examine a mental image in the "mind's eye," we feel as though we are looking at a picture, even though the image we see is entirely in our mind.
		We use mental imagery to imagine possible configurations of objects, as when we think through packing a trunk or solving a jigsaw puzzle; to anticipate possible futures, as when we plan ahead in chess; or to represent the past, as when we reexamine the layout of a childhood playground.
		Studies of mental imagery often ask subjects to manipulate a remembered image in some way, for example, by searching for a particular feature, by rotating an object to compare it to a new one, or by scanning across an image like a map.
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/cognitive/perception/section1.html (889 words)

	Mental image - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mental images are an important topic in classical and modern philosophy, as they are central to the study of knowledge.
		Mental images, and particular images from dreams, are the basis for the theories of Sigmund Freud about human behavior.
		His basic thesis was that our childhood experiences strongly influence the mental images that we make in later life; he believed that humans form mental images that they are not aware of -- our unconscious -- and that these are as important as their conscious images as explanations for human behaviour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mental_image (910 words)

	Mental images as Mental Objects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mental images, from a common sense point of view, might be regarded as "objects" in the sense that they are like "materials" or "constituents" in the overall economy of mental life.
		Mental images are more like descriptions in that we can specify as many details as we want, but the failure to do so does not change their basic character.
		The fundamental intuition that consciousness of mental images is due to internal processes in the subject is a strong one, and it may be that one could still conceive of the inner object as a part or sub-process of consciousness.
	www.scatpakprod.com /~tbirch/ws1b.htm (11043 words)

	Mental images - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mental images are images as seen in the mind's eye, which CNN reporter Walter Rogers called the "camera in your mind".
		One complicating factor is the ambiguity of interpretation of an image.
		Computer vision pioneer David Marr produced a famous photograph of a woman's face, which includes an ambiguous feature that could be either her nose or her finger.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mental_images (93 words)

	PM
		The word visual image is related to the physical world rather than the more abstract word of mental images, which are images that are perceived in an individual person's mind.
		The claim that visual imagery is a distinct c omponent of the cognitive architecture, requires that it must be shown that the visual representations a person experience as images have to bind characteristics that are not easily alterable as a function of b eliefs.
		This means that during mental rotation the object represented must pass through different st ates that correspond to the actual path of the physical rotation of the subject.
	oldwww.cs.umu.se /tdb/kurser/TDBC12/HT-97/LABBAR/6-LABGRP (2907 words)

	Mental Images: Philosophical Psychology: Introduction
		Imagination images are often thought to be essential to creativity.
		Attempts to define mental images as they are understood by traditional psychology.
		Indicates the current disagreement in cognitive science on the issue of the status of mental images.
	www.gis.net /~tbirch/hp5.html (741 words)

	20th WCP: The Depictive Nature of Visual Mental Imagery
		A mental image of an F (though no one F in particular) is a symbol-filled array to which a sentential interpretation having the content "This represents an F" is affixed.
		For mental images, the visual buffer is activated by generational processes that act on the viewer-centered information stored in long-term memory about the appearances of objects and their spatial structures.
		The important point is that the function of the 2 1/2-D sketch is to assign portions of the image to the surfaces in the environment and to specify the distance and orientation of those surfaces relative to the viewer.
	www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Mind/MindTeng.htm (3294 words)

	Mental Images: In search of a Theory
		The important question about mental imagery is; which properties and mechanisms are intrinsic to, or constitutive of having and using mental images, and which arise because of what we believe, intend, or attribute to the situation we are imagining.
		A plausible explanation for this, which does not appeal to special properties of a mental image system, is that the reason one has to imagine going through a sequence of individual folds is the same as the reason one had to go through a series of letters in the earlier alphabet example.
		Another reason to think of mental images as being spatial is that they appear to connect with spatial aspects of the motor system in a way that is similar to how visually perceived space connects with the motor system.
	ruccs.rutgers.edu /faculty/zpimagery.htm (13343 words)

	Imagery and Imagination [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		As this analogy suggests, the pictorialists claim that underlying the experience of mental imagery is some sort of representation that is pictorial in nature while the descriptionalists claim that underlying the experience of mental imagery is some sort of representation that is descriptional or linguistic in nature.
		Mental images can be indeterminate with respect to visual properties (e.g., the number of stripes on a tiger).
		First, once someone invokes mental images in an account of imagination, she appears to commit herself to the claim that such images are the objects of our imaginings—a highly implausible claim.
	www.iep.utm.edu /i/imagery.htm (8355 words)

	Mental Imagery (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Mental imagery (varieties of which are sometimes colloquially refered to as “visualizing,” “seeing in the mind's eye,” “hearing in the head,” “imagining the feel of,” etc.) is quasi-perceptual experience; it resembles perceptual experience, but occurs in the absence of the appropriate external stimuli.
		The belief that such mental representations are real is justified in the same sort of way that belief in the reality of electrons, or natural selection, or gravitational fields (or other scientifically sanctioned “unobservables”) is justified: Imagery is known to exist inasmuch as the explanations that rely upon imaginal representations are known to be true.
		Such representations are “mental” in the sense now commonplace in cognitive science: i.e., they are conceived of as being embodied as brain states, but as individuated by their functional (and computational) role in cognition.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/mental-imagery (15131 words)

	Working With Mental Images
		Images may arise anywhere in space, that is in any direction and at any distance.
		Object Images (a mental picture of an object producing sound, such as a bird, car, airplane, person talking, etc.) These images are usually clear and located where the object actually resides in surrounding physical space.
		Mental pictures of the whole body or specific location(s) in the body where a touch sensation is received.
	www.shinzen.org /shinsub3/artWorkWithImage.htm (6491 words)

	Company/News/03. MAR 1998
		mental images also acknowledged that as part of this program, it has already determined its code is IA--64 ready and that with minimal work, this code now runs on a pre--production Intel Merced--based simulator.
		mental images, founded in 1986, is a recognized leader in providing rendering and surface approximation technology to the entertainment, CAD, scientific visualization, architecture and other industries where sophisticated images are required.
		The main product of mental images is the high performance, photorealistic rendering software mental ray, which is capable of running on a wide variety of platforms, ranging from workstations and networks of workstations to parallel supercomputers.
	www.mentalimages.com /1_1_news/news_texte/980303.html (423 words)

	Company/News/06. MAR 2006
		mental images®, founded in 1986, is the recognized international leader in providing component and platform software for the creation, manipulation and visualization of 3D content.
		mental images is a privately held company with headquarters in Berlin, Germany, a subsidiary in the United States, mental images, Inc., and an office in Stockholm, Sweden.
		mental images has a multinational staff of top-qualified engineers exclusively dedicated to research and development in the area of 3D graphics and 3D Web Services technologies.
	www.mentalimages.com /1_1_news/news_texte/060306.html (747 words)

	CD Baby: POETONE: Mental Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		He feels his body of work paints a mental picture of life, the good in life as well as the bad.
		In his opinion he is one of the greatest written and or spoken word poets to ever utilize an ink quill and parchment.
		His goal is to take the listener on a mental voyage while enjoying his project.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/poetone (283 words)

	Mental Images software developers receive Academy Award (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Rendering software is used to "translate" 3D scene data into humanly visible, realistic images and the Academy commended mental ray as "a highly programmable computer-graphics renderer incorporating ray tracing and global illumination to realistically simulate the behaviour of light in computer-generated imagery".
		The world's leading cinematographers use mental ray to generate images of unsurpassed realism in visual effects and with films that are produced entirely using digital techniques.
		Mental Images was founded by Rolf Herken in Berlin, Germany in 1986 with the goal to develop the world's best rendering software.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/03/articles/monthly/AE-PR-02-03-20.html (553 words)

	Chevilly1: mental images
		The power of the new technical images no longer lies in their autonomy or superiority, but rather, in the functions they serve: they help to increase both knowledge and insight.
		The \\international\media\award is looking for images from the boundaries of art and science, images behind which the brain and its functions are concealed – the inner images.
		Artists and scientists are invited to explore what these images mean for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, and to present their findings for discussion in animations and moving mental images.
	serendip.epfl.ch /Chevilly1/2006/02/mental_images.html (405 words)

	Mental Representation (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		In philosophy, recent debates about mental representation have centered around the existence of propositional attitudes (beliefs, desires, etc.) and the determination of their contents (how they come to be about what they are about), and the existence of phenomenal properties and their relation to the content of thought and perceptual experience.
		On Tye's account, images are "(labeled) interpreted symbol-filled arrays." The symbols represent discursively, while their arrangement in arrays has representational significance (the location of each "cell" in the array represents a specific viewer-centered 2-D location on the surface of the imagined object).
		That mental processes are computations, that computations are rule-governed sequences of semantically evaluable objects, and that the rules apply to the symbols in virtue of their content, are central tenets of mainstream cognitive science.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/mental-representation (7875 words)

	Plugin.com - mental images - Plug In to Plugin.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		mental images®, founded in 1986, is the recognized international leader in providing rendering and 3D modeling technology to the entertainment, computer-aided design, scientific visualization, architecture, and other industries that require sophisticated images.
		mental images is a privately held company based in Berlin, Germany with a subsidiary in San Francisco, California.
		mental images has a multinational staff of more than 30, including one of the world’s largest top-qualified teams exclusively dedicated to basic research and development in the area of 3D graphics technologies.
	www.plugin.com /vendor/231 (135 words)

	Mental Images: In search of a Theory
		Nobody denies that the content and behavior of our mental images can be the result of what we intend our images to show, what we know about how things in the world look and work, and the way our cognitive or our imagery system constrains us.
		constitutive of having and using mental images, and which arise because of what we believe, intend, or attribute to the situation we are imagining.
		The distinction between effects attributable to the intrinsic nature of mental representations and mechanisms, and those attributable to more transitory states, such as people’s beliefs, utilities, habits, or interpretation of the task at hand, is central not only for understanding the nature of mental imagery, but for understanding mental processes in general.
	bbsonline.cup.cam.ac.uk /Preprints/Pylyshyn/Referees (4422 words)

	Company/News/04. MAY 2006
		mental images®, founded in 1986, is the recognized international leader in providing rendering software to the entertainment, computer-aided design, scientific visualization, architecture, and other industries that require sophisticated images.
		mental ray was initially released in 1989 and has been used in the production of more than 150 major motion pictures.
		mental images GmbH is a privately held company based in Berlin, Germany, with a wholly owned subsidiary mental images, Inc. in San Francisco, California and an office in Stockholm, Sweden.
	www.mentalimages.com /1_1_news/news_texte/060504.html (677 words)

	:::Interview with Larry Bonn Phoenix
		A few years ago, his focus shifted from sculpture to the study of mental images in various states of consciousness.
		He rapidly sketches the fleeting images that pass through his mind while sitting alone in his pitch-fl Wicker Park studio, creating drawings that have the raw power of a modern cave painting.
		However, since mental images have such a short life, when you switch from one mental object to another, you may overlap the previous drawings.
	www.charcoll.com /collective/phoenixprofile.html (961 words)

	mental images Accelerates Development of RealityServer with Million Investment - Plugins and Digital Tools For Digital ...
		mental ray simulates reality correctly, creates an unparalleled level of visual richness in computer-generated imagery, and blurs the line between what is real and what is computer generated.
		As a result of mental images's close collaboration with the software industry leaders in these fields, the RealityServer platform enjoys native data compatibility with their tools and with millions of existing CAD and digital content files.
		The world's leading cinematographers use mental ray to generate images of unsurpassed realism in visual effects and with films that are produced entirely using digital techniques.
	www.pluginz.com /news/1252 (1141 words)

	Autodesk and mental images Expand License And Development Agreement - Plugins and Digital Tools For Digital Artists - ...
		“mental images is greatly honored to extend the relationship with Autodesk,” said Rolf Herken, CEO and CTO of mental images.
		mental images is the recognized international leader in providing rendering component software to the world’s leading manufacturers of professional software solutions for the creation of and interaction with 3D data and sophisticated visualization The world's leading cinematographers use the company’s main product, mental ray, to generate images of unsurpassed realism in visual effects and feature animation.
		Founded in 1986, mental images GmbH is a privately held company based in Berlin, Germany, with a wholly owned subsidiary mental images, Inc. in San Francisco, California. For more information, please visit www.mentalimages.com.
	www.pluginz.com /news/3262 (765 words)

	Company/News/04. AUG 1997
		"mental images is recognized worldwide as a leading innovator in rendering technology.
		By incorporating mental images technology, 3D Studio MAX R2 will feature NURBS surfaces with facetless tessellation and analytical normals that enable 3D animators and special effects artists to render perfectly smooth surfaces with precise highlights.
		Autodesk, the Autodesk logo, 3D Studio MAX are registered trademarks, and Kinetix is a trademark, of Autodesk, Inc. mental ray and mental images are trademarks of mental images GmbH and Co. KG, Berlin, Germany.
	www.mentalimages.com /1_1_news/news_texte/970404.html (669 words)

	How do I improve my ability to form mental images? \| Ask MetaFilter
		Since visualisations and meditations should focus and calm your mind, I think it might work better to help you concentrate and develop the mental creativity more so than just listening to audio books, which might not allow your brain to be as free form as it can to be.
		It's pretty common for people to think that their mental images are full-fledged "pictures in the head", but there's a lot of good psychological data that suggests that isn't the case.
		I love my images when I read novels, but I have to work a lot harder when I read a play- which ends up being not that often because of the hard work.
	ask.metafilter.com /53783/How-do-I-improve-my-ability-to-form-mental-images (2494 words)

	Mental Images purchases 16-Processor SGI Origin 3400 system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Users of Mental Images products include most of the leading visual effects and digital film studios, game developers and companies in the automotive and aerospace industries.
		Mental ray 3.0, the most recent version of mental ray, will be released commercially in October and will feature expanded capabilities developed on the SGI 2000 series and SGI Origin 3400 servers.
		Mental Images and Incremental Images, a subsidiary of Mental Images, will also use the new SGI Origin 3400 system to further develop Reality Server, the interactive, scalable, server-based, multi-user 3D graphics platform for Internet and intranet applications.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/01/articles/monthly/AE-PR-10-01-29.html (411 words)

	Mental Images: In search of a Theory
		Nobody denies that the content and behavior of our mental images can be the result of what we intend our images to show, what we know about how things in the world look and work, and the way our cognitive or our imagery system constrains us.
		constitutive of having and using mental images, and which arise because of what we believe, intend, or attribute to the situation we are imagining.
		The distinction between effects attributable to the intrinsic nature of mental representations and mechanisms, and those attributable to more transitory states, such as people’s beliefs, utilities, habits, or interpretation of the task at hand, is central not only for understanding the nature of mental imagery, but for understanding mental processes in general.
	cogsci.ucsd.edu /~coulson/203/pylyshyn.html (4422 words)

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