
	Where results make sense

Topic: Mental models

Related Topics

Cognitive psychology

Knowledge representation

In the News (Sat 28 Nov 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Mental Models
		Gentner and Stevens (1983) argues that because a mental model is a model that evolves in the mind of a user as he or she learns and interacts with a computer system, the mental model will represent the structure and internal relationships of a system.
		To be able to categorise the mental model of the concept "atom", one should look at the historical development of the model of an atom and the mental models scientists have formed of the atom over the years (Table 6).
		The mental models of the concept "Electricity" for 6 students have remained unchanged, while the changes in the mental models of this concept for the other six students are highlighted in Table 11.
	hagar.up.ac.za /jf/mentmod/mentmod.htm (7040 words)

	Interaction-Design.org Encyclopedia: Mental models - Interaction-Design.org: A site about HCI, Usability, UI Design, ...
		The slower processing of ambiguous sentences is one area where mental model research is relevant to interaction design, as interaction designers are, among other things, interested in measures of learnability and ease of use.
		In his book, he used mental models to describe how a system is designed and implemented on the basis of the designer's mental model.
		Mental models are what people really have in their heads and what guides their use of things.
	www.interaction-design.org /encyclopedia/mental_models.html (1033 words)

	Mental Models as an Instrument for Bounded Rationality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		They constructed a computational model of a social system composed of individuals, none of whom was able to discover the regularity of the relationship between the phase of the moon and the amplitudes of the tides from experience alone in a single lifetime.
		The mental models of the movement of the islands in reference to the stars and canoe permit the superimposition of several kinds of structure thereby producing a mental model that forms a distance/rate/time computer.
		Mental models can be stabilized by a cultural model (internal mental structure defined by culture) or use of external media.
	hci.ucsd.edu /wsark/cogs200/mental_models.htm (1819 words)

	[No title]
		These mental models that hinder the acceptance of new insights are deeply ingrained internal images that managers working in a given organization tend to internalize unconsciously and often fail to adjust even though they are no longer relevant in a rapidly changing business environment.
		Mental models can be simple generalizations, such as "people are untrustworthy," or they can be complex theories.
		The Detroit auto makers didn't say, "We have a mental model that all people care about is styling." They said, "All people care about is styling." Because they remained unaware of their mental models, the models remained unexamined.
	deming.eng.clemson.edu /pub/tqmbbs/tools-techs/menmodel.txt (5385 words)

	Knowledge and Mental Models in HCI
		The theory of mental models demolished an assumption which was until then prevalent in psychological theories of reasoning: that humans employ a kind of mental logic, which is similar to the propositional logic employed by logicians, when making inferences about the world.
		Mental models scope is wide enough to range from naive models of natural phenomena such as electricity to instructional models of scientific concepts used in teaching.
		The theory of mental models was formulated in the early 40's by Kenneth Craik.
	www.cs.umd.edu /class/fall2002/cmsc838s/tichi/knowledge.html (1916 words)

	Mental models: a gentle guide for outsiders
		The model captures what is common to any situation in which a triangle is on the right of a circle, but it represents nothing about their size, color, distance apart, or other such matters.
		The mental model theory has also had some success in accounting for the difficulty of inferences in terms of the numbers of explicit models that have to be constructed in order to carry them out.
		Mental models suggest how people infer the probability of an event from their knowledge of the different ways in which the event can occur.
	www.si.umich.edu /ICOS/gentleintro.html (7284 words)

	Mental models (User experience design resources)
		Mental models are representations of reality that people use to understand specific phenomena.
		Mental models have been studied by cognitive scientists as part of efforts to understand how humans know, perceive, make decisions, and construct behavior in a variety of environments.
		Scientists sometimes use the term "mental model" as a synonym for "mental representation", but it has a narrower referent in the case of the theory of thinking and reasoning.
	www.deyalexander.com.au /resources/uxd/mental-models.html (941 words)

	[No title]
		Mental models are symbolic structures, and the relation of a model to the world cannot simply be read off from the model.
		A mental model represents the reference of a discourse, that is, the situation that the discourse describes.
		But, although mental models may differ markedly in their content, there is no evidence to suggest that they differ in representational format or in the processes that construct and manipulate them.
	www.cs.umu.se /kurser/TDBC12/HT99/Laird.html (10457 words)

	Mental Models Website
		Mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories.
		They have studied how children develop such models, how a model of one domain may serve as an analogy for another domain, how mental models engender emotions, and how to design computer systems for which it is easy to acquire a model.
		The controversy about whether people reason by relying on models or on inference rules has been long but fruitful: it has led to better experiments, to explicit theories implemented in computer programs, and to developments of the mental model theory of thinking and reasoning in novel domains.
	www.tcd.ie /Psychology/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models (434 words)

	Bokardo » Do you believe in Mental Models?
		Mental models are similar in structure to the thing or concept they represent.
		To borrow the example from McDaniel’s article, the mental model shown on the left is the user’s mental model of a document.
		The level at which mental models correspond to design is not the immediate operational level, but the motivational level, the level where explcit goals can be matched to end-states that are desirable.
	bokardo.com /archives/do-you-believe-in-mental-models (1239 words)

	Mental model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A mental model is an explanation in someone's thought process for how something works in the real world.
		It is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesised to play a major part in cognition.
		Walter Kintsch and Teun A. van Dijk, using the term situation model (in their book Strategies of Discourse Comprehension, 1983), showed the relevance of mental models for the production and comprehension of discourse.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mental_model (300 words)

	UPDATING OUR MENTAL MODELS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF MODERN COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TO PROMOTE COMPUTER MEDIATED ...
		We are limited in our model formation by many complex factors, such as perceptions which influence how we interpret facts and new information and color our thinking, inferences which we make during learning and store along with information learned, and the current state of our mental models.
		Often models are formed so naturally and inconspicuously that their presence is rarely obvious, much like the ring on your finger of which you take no conscious notice the vast majority of the time.
		Through a discussion of mental models and their formation plus the current situation with respect to the rapid change being experienced by all aspects of society, it is hoped that we will carefully but quickly re-think our mental models.
	www.quasar.ualberta.ca /IT/research/Szabo/models.html (7117 words)

	TIP: Concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Johnson-Laird (1983) proposes mental models as the basic structure of cognition: "It is now plausible to suppose that mental models play a central and unifying role in representing objects, states of affairs, sequences of events, the way the world is, and the social and psychological actions of daily life." (p397)
		The rules comprising the model act in accord with the principle of limited parallelism, both competing and supporting one another." (p343) Schumacher and Czerwinski (1992) describe the role of mental models in acquiring expertise in a task domain.
		Mental models have been applied extensively in the domain of troubleshooting (e.g., White and Frederiksen, 1985).
	tip.psychology.org /models.html (550 words)

	P540 - Schema theory & mental models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A schema (plural schemata) is a hypothetical mental structure for representing generic concepts stored in memory.
		Mental models goes beyond schema theory to include perceptions of task demands and task performances.
		Mental models researchers are interested in how people perform tasks and solve problems in school settings and in the real world.
	education.indiana.edu /~p540/webcourse/schema.html (2441 words)

	IIMS 1994: Ring, Ellis and Reeves - mental models research and human computer interface design
		The concept of mental models is explained, measures of mental models are presented, and an on going research study at Edith Cowan University is described.
		The existence and value of the mental models concept (Moray, 1987; Rasmussen, 1990) can be summarised by the premise that the quality of interaction within system operation depends upon the functionality of the mental models users have of the system.
		Mental models are the vehicle for understanding overall system configurations, their elements, and functional interrelationships.
	www.ascilite.org.au /aset-archives/confs/iims/1994/qz/ring2.html (5612 words)

	Mental Models For Search Are Getting Firmer (Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox)
		Search is such a prominent part of the Web user experience that users have developed a firm mental model for how it's supposed to work.
		Earlier guidelines for search usability continue to hold, and are becoming even more important with the new mental model.
		Users are now forming mental models that they expect to apply across the Web, and even to their intranets.
	www.useit.com /alertbox/20050509.html (612 words)

	Mental Models ® -- User Interaction Design: Process
		Mental Models is an information architecture and interaction design firm.
		The Mental Model Demo depicts a single high-level pass through the product and places the product in the context of the company's overall mission and existing brands.
		We find this step to be critical in building consensus among the team, in nailing down the high-level mental model of the product, and in helping to ensure that the IA is extensible to future releases.
	www.mentalmodels.com /frame.jsp/pages/process/process (1453 words)

	Structuring Information With Mental Models: A Tour of Boston
		By "mental model" we mean not the explanatory model offered by Johnson-Laird [5], but rather a more general definition: the cognitive layout that a person uses to organize information in his or her memory.
		The mental models from TM and MDS provide an excellent basis for measuring the efficiency of an information structure that has been built from the models.
		If one considers the set of tourist attractions as an information space to be explored, we can also use the mental models to give the user well-founded suggestions as to his or her next step of exploration.
	www-bcs.mit.edu /people/stephen/papers/chi96 (2768 words)

	Amazon.ca: Models for Mental Disorder: Conceptual Models in Psychiatry, 3rd Edition: Books: Peter Tyrer,Derek Steinberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The authors tackle head on the fact that psychological medicine is not a unified whole but a highly variegated field which relies on very different conceptual models.
		The models of psychiatric thought are outlined in a clear and accessible fashion, with the liberal use of entertaining cartoons to lighten the subject.
		' Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing'This book is deservedly into its second edition, and will continue to provide an invaluable introduction to the diverse schools of thought by which clinical work and research in psychiatry are structured.
	www.amazon.ca /Models-Mental-Disorder-Conceptual-Psychiatry/dp/0471974331 (562 words)

	Mental Models Notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Mental Models is one of the 5 Disciplines from:
		The skill needed for seeing and understanding mental models is “watching our minds’.
		They are not held back by the mental model that only one person can win.
	www.umass.edu /umext/jgerber/agsystems/MentalModelsNotes.htm (420 words)

	Raph’s Website » Mental models
		The example of a game grammar is different — it’s trying to bring in mental models from completely different spaces into the world of games, and for me it’s a totally new mode of thinking that is powerfully shaping how I regard games.
		I do not have a crystal ball as to which of these models will survive and which will fail as business conditions change, but I do know that I think that the industry as a whole, and especially the current MMORPG segment, is at an inflection point.
		We do need to figure out where our mental models for words are different but when we hit something that is already well-understood, let’s leave that well alone, and find other ways to express ourselves.
	www.raphkoster.com /2006/04/10/mental-models (6948 words)

	Instructional Design Models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		An instructional design model gives structure and meaning to an I.D. problem, enabling the would-be designer to negotiate her design task with a semblance of conscious understanding.
		The value of a specific model is determined within the context of use.
		A model should be judged by how it mediates the designer's intention, how well it can share a work load, and how effectively it shifts focus away from itself toward the object of the design activity.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~mryder/itc_data/idmodels.html (1442 words)

	Publications on Mental Models in Reasoning
		Listed below are articles on mental models in reasoning supplied by individual researchers published in 2000.
		There is also a list of latest publications in 2004, a list of publications in press, a list of publications prior to 1998, and a list of publications in 1998/1999, 2001, 2002 and 2003.
		Vandierendonck, A., De Vooght, G., Desimpelaere, C. and Dierckx, V. Model construction and elaboration in spatial linear syllogisms In W. Schaeken, G. De Vooght, A. Vandierendonck and G. d'Ydewalle (Eds.).
	www.tcd.ie /Psychology/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models/pub_00_press.html (896 words)

	Publications on Mental Models in Reasoning
		Listed below are articles on mental models in reasoning in 1998/99 supplied by individual researchers.
		There is also a list of latest publications in press and a list of publications in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005.
		Lecas, J.F., and Barrouillet, P. Understanding conditional rules in childhood and adolescence: A mental models approach.
	www.tcd.ie /Psychology/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models/pub_98_99.html (1335 words)

	Sparks of Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction
		Excerpt by Ben Shneiderman: Increasingly, researchers and designers are conducting experiments on the profound effects that design improvements can have on users: reduced learning times, faster performance on tasks, lower rate of errors, higher subjective satisfaction, and better human retention over time.
		Theories, taxonomies, and models at differing levels of abstraction are competing for attention.
		The Electronic Teaching Theater: interactive hypermedia and mental models of the classroom, Kent L. Norman TR: 90-13
	www.cs.umd.edu /hcil/pubs/books/sparks-of-innovation.shtml (903 words)

	Connectionist Models of Mental Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Neural Network Models of Cognitive and Brain Disorders Conference
		Siegle, G. Connectionist Models of Cognitive, Affective, Brain, and Behavioral Disorders.
		This page has been accessed untold times since November 29 at its current address.
	www.cnbc.cmu.edu /disordermodels (135 words)

	MENTAL MODELS
		Johnson-Laird, Philip N. Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
		Fetzer, James H. "Deduction and Mental Models", Minds and Machines 9(1): 105-110.
		Fetzer, James H. "Mental Models: Reasoning without Rules", Minds and Machines 9(1): 119-126.
	www.cse.buffalo.edu /~rapaport/mental-models.html (263 words)

	CONTENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		3.3 Mental models of natural phenomena and devices
		Figure 7: User's model (UC) of word processor as extension of typewriter
		Table 4: Procedures for mapping propositional representations into mental models (Johnson-Laird, 1983)
	www.cs.ucl.ac.uk /staff/a.sasse/thesis/Contents.html (283 words)

	Volume 8 (2002) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On a New Powerful Model for Knowledge Management and its Applications
		The Role of Interaction Histories in Mental Model Building and Knowledge Sharing in the Legal Domain
		Mental Models to Represent Dynamics - Using the Example "factorial"
	www.jucs.org /jucs_8 (480 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)