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Topic: Mental stimulus

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	Louis. L. Thurstone: The Nature of Intelligence: Chapter 1. The Stimulus-Response Fallacy in Psychology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The stimulus is treated as the datum or starting-point, while the resulting behaviour or conduct is treated as the end-point for the psychological inquiry.
		The stimulus appears to be the first cause in such a situation, and it would seem to be primarily provocative of the response.
		Mental life is an irreversible process beginning with the life-impulse and terminating in the successful overt act.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Thurstone/1924/1924_01.html (5659 words)

	Dr. Ferguson's Introductory Psychology Website - Lectures
		In classical conditioning, a reflexive response that is elicited by a stimulus (the conditioned stimulus) because of the previous pairing of that stimulus with another stimulus (the unconditioned stimulus) that already elicits a reflexive response.
		The theory that perceptual mechanisms register directly the critical stimulus relationships that are present in the external environment, such that perception is not dependent upon mental inference.
		A mental disorder characterized by prolonged, severe anxiety that is not consistently associated in the person's mind with any particular object or event in the environment or any specific life experience.
	www.usu.edu /psycho101/glossary/a-z.html (5416 words)

	HRW: Ill Equipped: U.S. Prisons and Offenders with Mental Illness: I. SUMMARY
		Mental illness impairs prisoners’ ability to cope with the extraordinary stresses of prison and to follow the rules of a regimented life predicated on obedience and punishment for infractions.
		The lack of human interaction and the limited mental stimulus of twenty-four-hour-a-day life in small, sometimes windowless segregation cells, coupled with the absence of adequate mental health services, dramatically aggravates the suffering of the mentally ill. Some deteriorate so severely that they must be removed to hospitals for acute psychiatric care.
		Correctional mental health professionals work in facilities run by security staff according to rules never designed for or intended to accommodate the mentally ill. For example, mentally ill prisoners are consigned to segregated units even though the harsh, isolated confinement in such units can provoke psychiatric breakdown.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2003/usa1003/1.htm (2988 words)

	[No title]
		We acknowledged "that the precise etiology of most mental disorders is inexplicable," and that because of the diverse factors that may cause mental illness, diagnosing cause is a highly uncertain task.
		In Dr. Rosen's opinion, claimant's mental condition is related to the manner in which he was transferred to the new shift and the calls from his new superior, Captain Berard, to do extra duty while he was on vacation.
		Greater objectivity is necessary in mental injury cases because the claimant's subjective impression that work-related stress caused her injury often forms the basis for the medical opinion that the injury was caused primarily by work-related stress.
	www.state.vt.us /labind/wcdecisions/1999/H02446crosby.txt (12900 words)

	Mental Medicine
		That it is a mental energy that thus requires assistance, no one denies; for science teaches us that the whole body is made up of a confederation of intelligent entities, each of which performs its functions with an intelligence exactly adapted to the performance of its special duties as a member of the confederacy.
		All that can be reasonably claimed is that, in therapeutics, a mental stimulus is necessarily more direct and more positive in its effects, other things being equal, than a physical stimulus can be, for the simple reason that it is intelligent on the one hand and intelligible on the other.
		The mental cortex of man is the apex of the evolutionary pyramid, whose base is composed of the swarming pyramids of bacilli and other monocellular germs which we now see to be almost all-pervading in nature.
	www.psitek.net /pages/PsiTekMC11.html (1268 words)

	William H. Burnham: The Group as Stimulus to Mental Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is the stimulus which comes from our social impulses as inherited from the past, and yet it should be noticed that such affective stimuli, which, I take it, are what is really meant by ambition and the like, may act either to increase or to inhibit the mental activity.
		The measure of this is of course the increase of the performance by the distracting stimulus.
		Perhaps the greatest stimulus to mental activity from the group is social success to those who can achieve it.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Burnham/Burnham_1910.html (2885 words)

	2001 National Victim Assistance Academy - June 2001
		If the neutral stimulus of a bell ringing is presented to the dog at approximately the same time that the food stimulus is presented, the bell stimulus (conditioned stimulus) will acquire the capacity to produce a conditioned response of salivation similar to the unconditioned response of salivation produced by the unconditioned stimulus of food.
		So are other mental health disorders that were either not present before the crime, or that were exacerbated after the crime, as well as other areas of functioning that deteriorated after the crime.
		The prior mental health history of the victim appears to be related to the extent of crime-related psychological trauma a victim experiences (Resnick and Kilpatrick 1990).
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /ovc/assist/nvaa2001/chapter6_1.html (7506 words)

	Robertson v. DaimlerChrysler Corporation (2002) * Michigan
		This standard applies where the plaintiff alleges a disability resulting from either a physical or mental stimulus and honestly, even though mistakenly, believes that he is disabled due to that work-related injury and therefore cannot resume his normal employment.
		Mental disabilities and conditions of the aging process, including but not limited to heart and cardiovascular conditions, shall be compensable if contributed to or aggravated or accelerated by the employment in a significant manner.
		On the other hand, an employee with a susceptibility to mental disability may not exhibit the same outward manifestations of his vulnerabilities, or he may be less cognizant of the extent of his vulnerabilities.
	www.claimrep.com /laws/cases/MI/caseMIRobertson.htm (8151 words)

	PLWeb Document
		He maintained that the ability of a given stimulus to evoke anxiety is permanently weakened if "a response antagonistic to anxiety can be made to occur in the presence of (the) anxiety-evoking (stimulus) so that it is accompanied by a complete or partial suppression of anxiety responses" (p.
		This mental image, or emotional schema, is hypothesized to contain propositions about the characteristics of the fear stimulus, propositions concerning verbal, behavioral, and physiological responses to the stimulus, and interpretive propositions concerning the meaning of the fear stimulus and the probability of its occurrence in given contexts.
		The modification of a fearful stimulus schema and thus the effectiveness of exposure therapy may depend in part on a patient's self-awareness of his or her own habituation in the presence of a feared stimulus (Foa & Kozak, 1986 ; Wilkins, 1971).
	www.uri.edu /coun/228readings/22807.htm (9240 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. Miscellaneous (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		All negative and depressing mental states, fear, grief, anxiety, melancholy, interfere with the healthful action of the digestive organs, while persons of a prevailing mirthful disposition, are seldom found in the number of dyspeptic patients.
		And if that mental state which sustains a causal relation to the healthy tone of the excreting organs can be discovered, and is capable of being induced upon a patient, it will be of more value in the healing art than all the drugs and patent nostrums in the universe.
		The mental act of listening, or hcarkening, infuses into the auditory nerve a spiritual and cerebral stimulus, that increases its sensibility and renders it more impressible to the undulatory movements of the atmosphere and the ether which are necessary to the sensation of hearing.
	www.webroots.org /library/usamisc/tmciotm3.html (12858 words)

	Bernstein et al., Psychology, 6/e Keyterms
		Cognitive psychology is the study of the mental processes people use to modify, make meaningful, store, retrieve, use, and communicate to others the information they receive from the environment.
		A reactiontime is the amount of elapsed time between the presentation of a physical stimulus and an overt reaction to that stimulus.
		Mental sets occur when knowing the solution to an old problem interferes with recognizing a solution to a new problem.
	college.hmco.com /psychology/bernstein/psychology/6e/students/key_terms/ch08.html (2281 words)

	Instructions for the Mental Rotation Experiment
		If the left hand stimulus is allowed to rotate, then it can assume any angle and be either the original image or the mirror image.
		If the left hand stimulus is fixed, it is not rotated nor will it be a mirror but always the normal image.
		Is the stimulus on until you respond or only one for a given period of time.
	psych.hanover.edu /JavaTest/Cognition/Cognition/mentalrotation_instructions.html (517 words)

	frontline: the new asylums: some frequently asked questions \| PBS
		The idea was that the mentally ill would do better living back in the community with a community-based mental health care system in place to handle their needs.
		The other policy shift behind the rise in mentally ill behind bars was the tougher sentencing laws implemented in the 1980s and '90s that have resulted in a large increase in the prison population.
		Judges in California, Wisconsin, and Texas have ruled that holding the mentally ill in segregation is unconstitutional and violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/etc/faqs.html (2565 words)

	Shriver Center - Research - Psychological Sciences - Staff - William Dube - Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Dube, W. and McIlvane, W. Reduction of stimulus overselectivity with nonverbal differential observing responses.
		Stimulus overselectivity and observing behavior in individuals with mental retardation.
		Dube, W. and McIlvane, W. Stimulus overselectivity and observing behavior in mental retardation.
	www.umassmed.edu /shriver/Research/Psychological/Staff/Dubepubs.htm (2313 words)

	The Concept of Health - Homeopathy 4 Everyone
		Technically speaking, our emotions are neuro-hormonal reactions occurring in response to some physical or mental stimulus, which in turn, affect our response to the same stimulus on the physical and mental plane.
		There is a primary stimulus which generates the 'emotions' based on the perception of stimulus, and which leads to appropriate physical and mental response.
		There are so many people around us who are unable to cry when they need to; who are unable to fight when they need to; who fear every passing wind; who lose their ability to reason when they fall in love.
	www.hpathy.com /papersnew/bhatia_concepthealth2.asp (998 words)

	Biasetti v. City of Stamford
		The parties have stipulated and the commissioner found that PTSD is compensable as an occupational disease under § 31-275(15) because it is peculiar to the occupation of police officer and is due to causes in excess of the ordinary hazards of employment.
		Thus, as of July 1, 1993, a mental or emotional impairment that does not arise from an accidental injury, repetitive trauma, or an occupational disease cannot be a personal injury under Chapter 568.
		Rather than defining “occupational disease” in terms of the absence of a mental impairment claim, the Act does the opposite: it permits a mental impairment to be recognized as a personal injury if the impairment arises from an occupational disease.
	wcc.state.ct.us /CRB/1998/3632crb.htm (1943 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology
		It should be noted that in talking about Darwin I have used "stimulus" to refer to the physical environment, but the term as used here, as in the case of Wright, is not restricted to this meaning.
		Rather one would have to know how a stimulus is "seen" or "understood" -- what it means" to the responding organism -- before one could know what the stimulus actually is.[31] In other words, a response would have to occur before the stimulus could be constituted as meaningful.[p.
		The series of events from stimulus to response can be described in terms of physical energies impinging upon receptors and continuing in the physical activity of motor nerves and muscles.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Wright/madden.htm (5059 words)

	The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Article
		T is generally believed that ill-health creates a mental stimulus that some times gives rise to great works of art.
		There have been writers, thinkers, poets and philosophers who have been afflicted with some kind of physical or mental illness during their lifetime, perhaps for a short time, which has stimulated their mental potential and they have produced great works of art.
		The study conducted by a British psychiatrist Dr Felix Post says: "Mentally ill health may fuel some form of creativity." It further establishes that a genius suffering for his art and losing his health in depression is a fact.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20011202/spectrum/main5.htm (849 words)

	News & Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		If the injured worker is initially hired in Pennsylvania, AND the injured worker's employment is "principally localized" in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania laws may apply even though the injury happened outside of Pennsylvania.
		A physical stimulus giving rise to a physical injury (physical - physical), a physical stimulus giving rise to a mental injury, such as depression or anxiety (physical - mental), a mental stimulus giving rise to physical injuries (mental - physical) or a mental stimulus giving rise to a mental injury (mental - mental).
		In this case, the Court found that a physical stimulus (being stuck by a needle) gave rise to a mental injury (depression and anxiety about potential contagious diseases) did not require the injured worker satisfy the higher burden of proof.
	www.skpklaw.com /news.htm (1219 words)

	Systematic review of mental stress-induced myocardial ischaemia -- Strike and Steptoe 24 (8): 690 -- European Heart ...
		Mental stress and the induction of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease.
		Mental stress test is an effective inducer of vasospastic angina pectoris: comparison with cold pressor, hyperventilation and master two-step exercise test.
		Exaggeratedreactivity to mental stress is associated with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in an asymptomatic high-risk population.
	eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/24/8/690 (5235 words)

	FindLaw's Writ - Mariner: Prisons as Mental Institutions
		Not only is the experience of imprisonment counter-therapeutic for such prisoners, many mental health experts believe that it dramatically increases their chances of psychiatric breakdown.
		Rather than receiving continuing mental health treatment, thousands of mentally ill people were released to communities that had made little or no accommodation for their care.
		It also allocates funding to improve the quality of prison and jail mental health services, and to establish discharge programs for mentally ill prisoners who are released.
	writ.news.findlaw.com /mariner/20031027.html (1065 words)

	Cognitive Psychology Lecture Notes (Mental Imagery)
		mental representations of physical objects or events that are no longer present
		they also found that with a mental imagery task in which Ss had to imagine small versus large letters, in the small condition the visual cortex was activated in a more posterior region closer to where the center of the visual field is (topographically) represented in the visual cortex...
		Ss had to make some kind of mental transformation on the second to picture to determine if it was the same or not - mentally rotating
	www.alleydog.com /cognotes/imagery.html (692 words)

	Gentry, Locke, Rakes & Moore \| News, Articles, Events
		The treating physician causally related her mental disorder to the ongoing pain resulting from the numerous surgeries required by the original compensable accident.
		A psychiatric condition can be compensable if it was caused by some mental stimulus, even where no physical injuries are incurred.
		The employee must prove that the condition is the result of an obvious, sudden shock or fright arising in the course of the employment.
	www.gentrylocke.com /news_articles/article_detail.php?article_ID=91 (1041 words)

	Commonwealth Court Cases - Commonwealth Court Case Law from PA - Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court - unoffical reports -
		exposed to mental stimuli that caused anxiety and depression, and it was her
		mental injury that prevented her from returning to work.
		continues after the psychological stimulus is removed; and (2) a disability, i.e.
	www.romingerlegal.com /pacaselaw/commonwealth1/1411CD99.html (1770 words)

	Mind & mental gymnastics. People can train themselves to be happy
		Then, in the normal course of our mental activity, we create a new link to that original stimulus: in our example, not finding food.
		Let's say (it's just an imaginary case) that one day when we're particularly hungry we open a red tin box in our kitchen where we expect to find biscuits and there's nothing there.
		In the end, our mind works almost totally with these new thoughts and respond to them as if they were the original, biological stimulus.
	www.health-nutrition.fsnet.co.uk /mind.html (1203 words)

	Vasoconstriction and blood flow responses in visceral arteries to mental task in humans -- Hayashi et al. 91 (1): 215 ...
		Sympathetic activity is influenced by task difficulty and stress perception during mental challenge in humans.
		Hemodynamic and sympathoadrenal responses to mental stress during nitric oxide synthesis inhibition.
		Impact of acute mental stress on sympathetic nerve activity and regional blood flow in advanced heart failure.
	ep.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/91/1/215 (3127 words)

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