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Topic: Menuas of Urartu

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	Urartu civilization - All About Turkey
		This was the kingdom of the Urartu, who were related to the Hurrians and were closely related to the Hittites in origin.
		The frontiers of Urartu were threatened on several occasions, and to combat this, the Urartu built buffer towns on the edges of their territory that were abandoned in times of danger, and later inhabited.
		The art of metalwork was certainly highly advanced in Urartu, and perhaps the greatest proof of this was the fact that Urartu artifacts were exported to Phrygia and Etruria.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /urartu.htm (734 words)

	Erebuni \| Armenia Travel, History, Archeology & Ecology \| TourArmenia \| Travel Guide to Armenia
		Urartu was a remarkably developed culture that had extensive contacts with the major empires of the Ancient world stretching between the Mediterranean and India, and rivaled them for trade, military and cultural hegemony.
		The real rise of the empire of Urartu is centered around three kings: Menuas, Argishti and Sardur I. Menuas in particular established the outlines of the empire, and organized the centralized administrative structure that enabled his son Argishti and grandson Sardur II to extend the empire to its furthest reaches.
		Argishti, Menuas' younger son, succeeded to the throne in 786 BC, and was immediately embroiled in war with a newly revived Assyria, which suddenly began to expand its empire, and had particular eyes on the rich mining resources in the Armenian Plateau.
	www.tacentral.com /erebuni/urartu.asp (1525 words)

	ART OF VANISHED CIVILIZATIONS By Maximillien de Lafayette (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Before Urartu were the Nairi, before the Nairi the Metsamor Kingdom, and before that untold numbers of now anonymous kingdoms and states that sprung from the Indo-European race born on the Armenian Plateau, spreading their language, ethnic identity and the secrets of bronze, iron and astronomy to both Asia and Europe.
		By the time Urartu rose in prominence it was already influenced by Indo-Europeans which originated in the Armenian Plateau, and held both genetic and cultural links with the tribes of Nairi as well as those that would later subsume it's place during the formation of the Yervanduni and Armenian Achaemenid Kingdoms.
		Urartu artifacts were exported to Ertruria, Phoenicia, Egypt, Mesopotamia and Phrygia.
	www.internationalnewsagency.org /Urartu.htm (2762 words)

	The Kingdom of Urartu
		Urartu is regarded by history today as one of the earlier incarnations of Armenia.
		In Urartu was manifest not only the indomitable fighting spirit of the later Armenians, but also the same tendency towards development of a higher culture.
		Menuas planted a garden, dedicated to the memory of the wife of Ispuinis; he repaired and embellished the temple of Khaldi in Van, and he strengthened the great fortification of Melazkert.
	www.armenian-history.com /Nyuter/HISTORY/ArmeniaBC/Urartu/kingdom_of_urartu.htm (2726 words)

	Urartian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During the Early Urartu period, the Urartu were grouped in a series of small kingdoms known as the Nairi, who consisted of, at least, the Mitanni, southwest of Lake Van, the Manah, around Lake Urmia, and the Diaukhi, around present day Erzurum, the most powerful of the Nairi.
		Menuas armies reached the northern spurs of Mount Ararat and the banks of the Arax River.
		The Urartu were weakened by the constant raids of the Assyrians, Medes, Cimmerians, and Scythians.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /westcivi/urartian_history.htm (1786 words)

	Urartu, Het Verloren Koninkrijk van de Vans
		Urartu begon ook oorlogen tegen het tweede Georgische verbond, Colchis.
		De hoofdstad van Urartu was TUSHPA (het huidige Van) of ook Tospa, Shamiramashen of Yervandashen genoemd, is gelegen aan de kusten van de Nairi Zee (nu Van Zee genoemd).
		Toprakkale was the capital of Urartu from 694 to 673 BC.
	www.amarcord.be /georgia/urartu01.html (1644 words)

	Menuas of Urartu Information
		Menuas was the fifth known king of Urartu, an ancient country in Anatolia, from ca 810 to 785 BC.
		Menuas enlarged the kingdom greatly in numerous wars against the neighbouring countries and left a large number of inscriptions over a wide area.
		He established the outlines of the empire, and organized the centralized administrative structure, fortified a number of cities and founded fortresses, among them Menuakhinil at the Mount Ararat.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Menuas_of_Urartu (132 words)

	URARTU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Urartu was in de Oudheid een koninkrijk ten noorden van Assyrië.
		De hoofdstad Tushpa (iets buiten de stad Van) lag aan het Van-meer in het oosten van het huidige Turkije en het rijk begon als een klein vorstendom aan dit meer.
		De bevolking van Urartu sprak een taal die verwant was aan de taal van de Hurri (de Horieten van de Bijbel) en die noch tot de Semitische noch tot de Indo-Europese talen gerekend kan worden.
	www.thumpershollow.com /encyclopedia/U/Urartu (147 words)

	ANATOLIAN HISTORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The constant raids of the Assyrians, Medes and Scythians weakened the Urartu.
		The art of metalwork was certainly highly advanced in Urartu, and perhaps the greatest proof of this was the fact that Urartu artifacts were exported to Phrygian and Etruria.
		Subsequent to the downfall of Gordion, the Phrygian capital that was obliterated by the Cimmerian hordes in 676 B.C., the Lydians took control of the Meander plains and Gediz, which had been heavily influenced by the Hittites and Phrygians.
	www.traveltoturkiye.com /history.html (15081 words)

	Edremit Kaymakamlığı \| Tarihce \|
		Bunun yanında Menua Kanalı boyunca 14 çivi yazılı kitabe daha kaybolmuştur.
		Oysa Urartu Kralı Menua asma bahçesini kızı Tariria,sulama kanalını da kendi adına yaptırdığını bırakmış olduğu toplam 14 adet çivi yazılı kitabeyle kanıtlamaktadır.
		İlginçtir ki Menua Sulama Kanalı, günümüzde bile bölge halkı arasında tıpkı efsanede geçtiği gibi Şamram Kanalı adıyla yaşamaya devam etmektedir.
	www.edremit.gov.tr /html/tarihce.html (5382 words)

	DBA Urartu (I/39) by Tony Wilson
		During this and the next reign, Urartu and Assyria cease their warring in the face of the threat from the Medes.
		Urartu appears to have enjoyed a high level of cultural sophistication, with their metalwork exported as far as Greece and Italy.
		In addition to ore for arms and armour, gold and silver were mined in Urartu, and the remarkable list of spoils taken by the Assyrians from one provincial capitol is indicative of a comfortably wealthy state.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/I39 (1624 words)

	[No title]
		The main part of the Urartu remained almost always unsubdued behind its barrier of woods, rocks, and lakes, which protected it from the attacks levelled against it, and no one can say how far the kingdom extended in the direction of the Caucasus.
		Urartu comprised the district of Ararat proper, the province of Biaina, and the entire basin of the Arzania.
		He was, indeed, as much afraid of Urartu as of Damascus, and though he approached quite close to its boundary in his second campaign, he preferred to check his triumphant advance rather than risk attacking it.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/7/3/2/17327/17327-8.txt (15555 words)

	History of Egypt, by Maspero, Volume 7, Part B.
		Events proved that, in this period, at any rate, the decadence of Assyria was not due to any exhaustion of the race or impoverishment of the country, but was mainly owing to the incapacity of its kings and the lack of energy displayed by their generals.
		If Menuas and Argistis had again and again triumphed over the Assyrians during half a century, it was not because their bands of raw recruits were superior to the tried veterans of Rammân-nirâri in either discipline or courage.
		Urartu was still undaunted, and Sharduris remained king as before; but he was utterly spent, and his power had sustained a blow from which it never recovered.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/17327/17327-h/v7b.htm (13028 words)

	Toprak Home Page
		Ishpuinis appointed his son Menuas as co - administrator during his reign and extended the Urartu frontiers, taking the city of Mushashir near Gevas.
		King Ishpuinis died in 810 BC and was succeeded by his son Menuas (810 - 780 BC).
		After the death of Argishtish I, Sardur II came to the throne (760 - 730 BC), and it was during his reign that the Urartu state reached its greatest proportions.
	web.deu.edu.tr /atiksu/turkiye/tarih04.html (738 words)

	Viggo Kampmann . Social Democrats (Denmark)
		Sarduris I of Urartu Sarduris I Sardur I 840 BC 840-825 BC; expanded the fortress of Van.
		Ishpuinis of Urartu Ishpuinis 825 BC 825-810 BC; expansion and conquest of Mushashir.
		Menuas of Urartu Menuas 810 BC 810-785 BC.
	www.uk.kunsimuna.net /Viggo_Kampmann_UK_195911_nv (323 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Urartu
		Urartu was first mentioned in Assyrian annals ca.
		The Kingdom of Urartu was unified/established by King Sarder ca.
		Encyclopedic description : Nairi, The Rise of Urartu and The End of Urartu, all three from arminco; from infoplease, from Tevfik Emre Serifoglu and from exploreturkey
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/asmin/urartu.html (251 words)

	Phrygia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For instance, they imported the Urartu figure of a bull's head and worked it on a cauldron of strictly Phrygian form.
		Metal ores were known and used in metalwork during the Early and Mid-Bronze Ages, from 2500 BC onwards.
		However, they were also directly influenced by the Urartu in Eastern Anatolia.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /westcivi/phygria.htm (16363 words)

	NOYAN TAPAN Inc. Not For Profit Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Urartu was the famous Kingdom and Civilization in the
		Urartu's leaders were wise and had powerful Kings who ruled from 885-535 B.C. and created a very rich heritage.
		In Urartu there was also a well-known tribe by the name of Hayassa with an organized state.
	www.noyantapan.org /ahist1.html (4641 words)

	Armenian Names (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During the eighth century BC, the kingdom expanded until it reached from Colchis to Syria and as far north as the land of the Georgians.
		Urartu fell apart around 600 BC under the pressure of Cimmerians and Scythians from the north and from the Iranian Medes.
		The Romans later battled with the Armenians and the emperor Nero handed Armenia to a Parthian prince, known as Trdat or Tiridates.
	www.geocities.com /mariamnephilemon/names/asia/armenian.html (327 words)

	THE GREAT ART OF THE KINGDOM OF URARTU
		In the early twentieth century, a long forgotten magnificent kingdom and a cradle of civilization was rediscovered in the Anatolian highlands of Asia Minor.
		Urartu’s remarkable status, power and prosperity in the ancient world were recorded in 13
		To better understand the Urartian Empire, we go back a few thousand years to the beginnings of Kingdoms and city-states on the Armenian Plateau, and to the Nairi, an often neglected period of Armenia's ancient history, which is now believed to have been the first true empire in Armenia's history.
	www.worldartcelebritiesjournal11.netfirms.com /great_art_of_the_kingdom_of_urar.htm (2539 words)

	Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		URARTU As we should expect from geographical circumstances, Assyria's most perilous and persistent foreign enemies were the fierce hillmen of the north.
		THE MEDES Menacing as this power of Urartu appeared at the end of the ninth century to an enfeebled Assyrian dynasty, there were two other racial groups, lately arrived on its horizon, which in the event would prove more really dangerous.
		So soon as movements in Urartu and south-western Asia Minor had been suppressed, and, more important, Babylon, which his father had dishonoured, was appeased, Esarhaddon took up the incomplete conquest.
	www.richread.com /057east10.html (17723 words)

	Diauehi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diauehi (Diauhi or Diaokhi; “the Land of the Sons of Diau”) was an ancient country in northeastern Anatolia, mentioned in the Urartian inscriptions.
		In the early 8th century, Diauehi became the target of the newly emerged regional power of Urartu.
		Both Menuas (810-785 BC) and Argishtis I (785-763 BC) campaigned against the Diauehi king Utupurshi, annexing his southernmost possessions and forcing him to pay tribute.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diaokhi (421 words)

	Myths of Babylon and Assyria: Chapter XVIII. The Age of Semiramis
		Menuas was a great war-lord, and was able to measure his strength against Assyria on equal terms.
		Menuas erected a magnificent palace, which rivalled that of the Assyrian monarch at Kalkhi, and furnished it with the rich booty brought back from victorious campaigns.
		Menuas was succeeded by his son Argistis, who ascended the throne during the lifetime of Adad-nirari of Assyria.
	www.sacred-texts.com /ane/mba/mba24.htm (7106 words)

	[No title]
		MÖ 900 yıllarında kurulan Urartu Devleti, Urmiye gölünden Erzincan'ın batı kesimlerine, Kafkasya'nın güneyi ve Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarından, Suriye'nin kuzeyine ve Akdeniz'e kadar uzanan bölgeler arasında genişleyebilmiştir.
		Menuas yazıtlarından, Urartu Devlet topraklarının güneyde Diyarbakır, batıda Malatya ve Elazığ, kuzeyde ise Erzincan'a kadar genişlediği ve Ön Asya'nın en güçlü devletlerinden biri olduğu öğrenilmektedir.
		Bölgenin en güçlü devleti Asurlular'la egemenlik çatışması içinde olan Urartu Krallığı'nın kesin olarak tarih sahnesinden silinmesi, kuzeyden gelen Kimmer ve İskit akınlarıyla olmuştur.
	www.angelfire.com /country/cemisgezek/history/mhistory.html (3024 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Diaokhi
		The dominancy in the region (called Nairi in Assyrian sources) then was disputed between Diaokhi and newly emerged Urartu.
		Diaokhi was subdued by the Urartan King Menuas in ca.
		Permanent wars with Urartu resulted in the decline and subsequently fall of Diaokhi in the mid-8th century BC.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Diaokhi (397 words)

	Myths of Babylon and Assyria: Index: M-R
		Mati-ilu (ma´ti-i´lü), of Agusi, relations of with Assyria and Urartu, 443, 446, 447; overthrow of by Tiglath-pileser IV.
		Menuas (men´ü-äs), King of Urartu, 440; conquests of, 441.
		Rusas (rü´säs), King of Urartu, Sargon II routs, 460, 461.
	www.sacred-texts.com /ane/mba/mba30.htm (2637 words)

	"Forgotten Empires" Remembered - Text
		The Urartian language (Hurrian) was one of the eight languages in use in the Hittite capitol, Boghazkoy.
		Menuas of Urartu, who is identified as Muwatallis the Hittite, is known to have associated his son Inuspuas with him as coregent, but Inuspuas never reigned in Urartu.
		It is interesting to note that the Armenians, who are seen as successors to the Urartians after the Median conquest of Urartu, are considered to have been related to the Phrygians; that in fact, Herodotus refers to the Armenians as a Phrygian colony.
	www.starways.net /lisa/essays/hittites.html (1716 words)

	InfoHub - Assyrian Kings
		The description of the palace walls and a monumental wall with inscriptions described in his account were actually built during the reigns of the Urartian King Menuas and Argishti.
		Likewise the Semiramis Canal, which was accredited by Khorenatsi as being built under Semiramis' orders, was laid during the Urartu period, on top of earlier 4th-3rd millennium BC canals).
		Khorenatsi goes on to relay that Semiramis remained in the city she had built, appointing as her representative in Assyria and Ninevah, Zoroaster, the religious leader and oracle of the Medes, and as such he ruled the country well for a long time.
	www.infohub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=2963 (2938 words)

	IM NIN'ALU's Page - HISTORY
		The ancestors of modern Armenians established their kingdom in the Ararat region, that was known by the Assyrians as "Tilgarimmu" - the biblical Togarma -.
		Related with the Hittites and Hurrians, their territory was kept aside of the conquest targets, which allowed them to keep their own monarchs even under Assyrian rule, until the Persians annexed Urartu and the Macedonians conquered Nairi.
		Rusas IV Menuas II Kings of Assyria and Babylon
	www.imninalu.net /kings02.htm (437 words)

	ARTSAKH - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Artsakh as a part of the Kingdom of Ararat (Urartu) is mentioned in the 8th century BC in cuneiform inscriptions of the King Sardur.
		The discovered near the village of Tsovk a cuneiform inscription of the Urartu king Sardur II evidences that his troops reached the country of Urtekhini (Artsakh).
		The State Urartu and tribes were of particular importance in formation of the Armenian people.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=227390 (4316 words)

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